1. Identical cognates are
easy to recognize because they are spelled out but not pronounced the same
in both languages.
| SPANISH | ENGLISH | SPANISH | ENGLISH |
| Hotel | hotel | original | original |
| animal | animal | circular | circular |
| popular | popular | hospital | hospital |
| SPANISH | ENGLISH | SPANISH | ENGLISH |
| profesion | profesion | inteligente | intelligent |
| diferente | different | comercial | commercial |
3. There are many suffix patterns, that is, regular spelling variations between the two languages that make it easy to identify cognates and related words. Here are some of the main Spanish-English suffix patterns with sample words taken from the reading selection.
VERBS
| SPANISH ENDINGS | ENGLISH ENDINGS | SPANISH EXAMPLES | ENGLISH EXAMPLES |
| -AR | begins with "TO" | visitar
imitar separar |
to visit
to imitate to separate |
| -ER | begins with "TO" | corresponder
responder |
to correspond
to respond |
| -IR | begins with "TO" | preferir
construir |
to prefer
to construct |
| -TENER | -tain | obtener
contener |
to obtain
to contain |
VERBAL ENDINGS
| SPANISH ENDINGS | ENGLISH ENDINGS | SPANISH EXAMPLES | ENGLISH EXAMPLES |
| -ado/-ada | -ed | explorado
colorado explicado anunciado |
explored
colored explained announced |
| -ido/-ida | -ed | dividido
interrumpido |
divided
interrupted |
| -ado | -ated | creado | created |
| -ando | -ing | planeando
divorciando |
planning
divorcing |
| -iendo | -ing | obteniendo | obtaining |
ADVERBS
| SPANISH ENDINGS | ENGLISH ENDINGS | SPANISH EXAMPLES | ENGLISH EXAMPLES |
| -mente | -ly | finalmente
especialmente rapidamente |
finally
especially rapidly; quickly |
NOUNS
| SPANISH ENDINGS | ENGLISH ENDINGS | SPANISH EXAMPLES | ENGLISH EXAMPLES |
| -ancia | -ance | distancia | distance |
| -encia | -ence | independencia | independence |
| -cion | -tion | civilizacion | civilization |
| -dad | -ty | identidad | identity |
| -tad | -ty | dificultad | difficulty |
| -eza | -ness | franqueza | frankness |
| -ia | -y | familia | family |
| -io | -y | matrimonio | matrimony |
| -iente | -ience | inconveniente | inconvenience |
| -ismo | -ism | individualismo | individualism |
| -ista | -ist | guitarrista | guitarist |
| -mianto | -ment | entretenimiento | entertainment |
ADJECTIVES
| SPANISH
ENDINGS |
ENGLISH ENDINGS | SPANISH EXAMPLES | ENGLISH EXAMPLES |
| -ante | -ant | importante | important |
| -ente | -ent | presente | present |
| -ico | -ic
-ical |
metrico
historico |
metric
historical |
| -ivo | -ive | activo | active |
| -oso | -ous | famoso | famous |
