GULAG "USSR":

General resources:

• The Empire That Was Russia. The Prokudin-Gorskii Photographic Record Recreated (A Library of Congress Exhibition).

• The Most Evil Symbol in the History of the World.

• The Black Book of Communism : Crimes, Terror, Repression.

• Victims of Communism Memorial Foundation.

• Last days at Tsarskoe Selo. Personal notes and memories of Count Paul Benckendorff; telling of the last sojourn of the Emperor & Empress of Russia at Tsarskoe Selo from March 1 to August 1, 1917.

• The Life and Tragedy of Empress Alexandra Feodorovna (1872-1918).

• OTMAA - The Imperial Children.

• Livadia. The Kali's and Anna's tribute to the Romanov children.

• The Romanovs: A Royal Family.

• Ipatiev House. The Romanov memorial.

• Who Is Missing? While 11 murders reportedly took place on the night of 16-17 July, 1918, only 9 bodies were recovered…

• In Honor of the Romanovs. The website dedicated to the Romanov family.

• Left Behind. Fourteen months in Siberia (December 1917 - Februaryby 1919) by Baroness Sophie Buxhoeveden.

• An End of Communism. The Recent History of Russia.

• Alexander Solzhenitsyn. The Nobel Prize internet archive.

• The Gulag Archipelago: 1918-1956. Famous book by Alexander Solzhenitsyn.

• All books by Solzhenitsyn.

• Survival in Dire Circumstances. An essay by Jon Caswell about Alexander Solzhenitsyn’s novel “One day in the life of Ivan Denisovich”.

• "Great Terror in the Provinces of the USSR 1937-1938". A Cooperative Bibliography by Rolf Binner, Marc Junge, Terry Martin.

• Gulag : A History. By Anne Applebaum.

• Gulag: Understanding the Magnitude of What Happened. Article in "Capitalism Magazine" (November 7, 2003) by Anne Applebaum.

• POW in Russia. 50 years on, Stalin casts a shadow over Russia.

• The great selection of books about GULAG.

• GULAG. Map of GULAG.

• U.S.S.R. The interactive map of GULAG.

• Italians in GULAG. Map of USSR shown where Italian prisoners were held.

• Storia del GULAG. Italian site about Gulag.

• The Cry of the New Martyrs – Women in the Gulag. By Nijole Sadunaite, a Lithuanian Catholic nun (article translated from "Russkaya Mysl" 3/13/87).

• Stalin's Russia. A Study in Totalitarianism and Autocracy by Professor Gerhard Rempel at Western New England College.

• GULAG: 58th. Russian site with original pictures. "Tribute to all those, who's life was too short to tell about it..."

• "Inside the Gulag". An essay on the totalitarian horror of Gulag by Nasreen Karim.

• Forced Labor Camps. On-line exhibition. Open Society Archives.

• Siberian Survivor. BBC interview with Jacques Rossi, one of the many communists to find themselves exiled to one of the infamous Russian Gulags.

• Susanna Pechuro. CNN interview with GULAG Survivor.

• An interview with Nathan Steinberger (7 April 1997). Professor Nathan Steinberger (87) and his wife Edith (89) are among the handful of former members of the German Communist Party (KPD) who escaped with their lives from the Stalinist prison camps in the Soviet Union. (World Socialist Web Site)

• Siberian Odyssey: A Voyage into the Russian Soul. Book by Frederick Kempe, Wall Street Journal correspondent.

• No Escape For Gulag's Former Prisoners. An essay about VORKUTA by Julius Strauss (The Telegraph - UK).

• Gulag report. Pictures of Vorkuta (in 1956) and Perm labour camps.

• The Forgotten Land. Siberia - The river Ob. Journey to the edge of the world (Survivors in Vorkuta, 1991). Story by Gerard Jacobs.

• The Mutilated Land. Siberia - The river Ob. The discovery of a massgrave in Kolpasjevo. Story by Gerard Jacobs.

• Zona: Siberian Prison Camps. The gulags of Siberia are no more. Solzhenitsin’s nightmare of the absurd does not exist. The prisons are still there. Carl De Keyzer took that journey to photograph the prisons today.

• Varlam Shalamov (1907-1982). Site about Russian writer and prisoner of GULAG (Solovki, Kolyma).

• Enemy of the Gulag. Article about Avraham Shifrin (1923-1974) by Robert W. Lee (The New American, Vol. 14, No.12 June 8, 1998).

• Guitar in the GULAG. Web page about Russian composer Matvei Pavlov-Azancheev, (1888–1963). During a tour in the city of Sochi, Pavlov-Azancheev was slandered, falsely accused, and arrested on charges of Chapter 58.10, part two (“Anti-Soviet Propaganda”) and spent the years 1941–1951 in a labor camp.

• The Andrei Sakharov Foundation (USA).
• "The Andrei Sakharov Archives and Human Rights Center" at Brandeys University.

• Defending Human Rights in Russia: Sergei Kovalyov, Dissident and Human Rights Commisioner, 1969-96.

• The Peter Reddaway photo Collection of GULAG camps.

• The Soviet Gulag Era in Pictures - 1927 through 1953.

• Gulag prisoners at work, 1936-1937. Photo gallery.

• ”Memorial”. International historical-enlightenment, Human rights and humanitarian society. Russian site.

• "Memorial" museum. Online exhibition of arts made by prisoners of GULAG.

• "Memorial" branch in Krasnoyarsk. The site presents a considerable record of acts of terror and repression under the Communist rule in areas currently belonging to Krasnoyarsk Territory and Khakas Republic (1929-1958).

• Museum "Perm-36". Russian site about labour camp for Soviet political prisoners.

• The Perm regional branch of Memorial. Russian site with intoductions in English.

• Memorial Center to Political Repression "PERM-36".

• Bildarchiv Expeditionen und Workcamps MEMORIAL Perm. German site with photo pictures from international expedition to Gulag in Perm region.

• Forgotten ghosts of the gulag. Article about "Perm-36" by Amelia Gentleman in Moscow, Sunday January 14, 2001 The Observer (The Guardian). "The most dangerous political prisoners in the Soviet Union were incarcerated in Perm 36 - those guilty of repeated anti-Soviet activity, those who persisted in holding unorthodox views. Built in the remote forests of the Urals, the maximum-security forced labour camp consisted of a few sheds surrounded by circles of barbed wire, with three armed guards for every prisoner inside."

• Camp 7099. Spassk near Karaganda, Kasachstan.

• Songs of Russian prisoners. The songs are written in Russian, whereas the main text in Russian and English.

• Kotlas and The Gulag. Testimony from Those Who Were There.

• A Virtual Tour of the Monastery on Solovki.

• Solovki.org. Reise nach Solovki - site in German.

• Solovki Archipelago. Article with photo pictures.

• Solovetski Islands: The Gulag's Archipelago. Story by Stephen Forster, photographs by Anatol Filin.

• Siberia: Eastern part of Russia. Travel photos from Irkutsk, Khabarovsk, Lake Baikal, Magadan and more by Galen R. Frysinger.

• Comparative Analysis of Concentration Camps in Nazi Germany, the Former Soviet Union and North Korea. Presented at The 1st International Conference on North Korean Human Rights and Refugees (Seoul, 1999).

• Torture, Murder and Lies. J.R. Nyquist article about Russia in the past and present. "The Russian state is not civilized. If we want to be accurate, Russia is a missile-ready barbarism looking ahead to a future conflict with the civilized world. In fact, Russia's leaders are thugs and criminals. Russia's citizens have no rights. Every truth in Russia is twisted; every official statement is deceptive. Militarism and hate are the foundations of the Russian system. Communism is its secret ideology." (Nov. 4, 1999, WorldNetDaily.com)

• Russian prison tattoos. ..."From the mid-1960's to the 1980's, thirty-five million people were incarcerated, and of those, twenty to thirty million were tattooed."...

• A tattooed Stalin. The world and art of bandits in the Soviet Union.

• Abbreviations, glossary and prison words in Russian prisons.

• Soviet archives. Collected by Vladimir Bukovsky.

• Original 25 Documents from the Soviet Archives. From Library of Congress exhibit.

• Revelations from the Russian Archives. From Library of Congress exhibit.

• Museum of Communism. Online museum by Bryan Caplan.

• The Red Files. Secret Victories of the KGB; Soviet Sports Wars; Secret Soviet Moon Mission; Soviet Propaganda.

• The Gulag Study. Joint Commission Support Directorate (JCSD) U.S. - Russia Joint Commission on POW/MIAs.

• The Gulag Study. JCSD U.S. - Russia Joint Commission on POW/MIAs. By US Department of Defense.

• A secret revealed: Stalin's police killed Americans. By Alan Cullison, For The Associated Press (The Standard-Times, 1997).

• The Japanese victims of stalinist terror in the USSR. By Tetsuro Kato (Japan).

• "The Role of Political Police in the Soviet Union 1918-1956". Conference about NKVD, held in Paris, MSH, May 25-27th, 2000.

• NKVD.org. Site about NKVD - "Narodny Komissaryat Vnutrennikh Del".

• SMERSH. Soviet Assassination Division of KGB (1917 - ).

• The executioners; the story of SMERSH. By Ronald Seth.
• Nights are longest there: Smersh from the inside. By A. I. Romanov.

• "Under the red star". Cold War Visor Caps of the Soviet Union 1945-1991.

• The Sword and the Shield. The Mitrokhin Archive and the Secret History of the KGB by Christopher M.Andrew, Vasili Mitrokhin.

• They chose freedom. Defectors from Communism.

• Books about KGB.

• Books about NKVD.

• Books about GRU.

• Freedom, Democracy, Peace / Power, Democide and War. R.J.Rummel HP with many resources about crimes of communists.

• Holocausts of Communism Test. Check your knowledge about Communism.

• Kolyma. The Land of Gold and Death by Stanley J. Kowalski. Very interesting site with many pictures and valuable information. Except: "...was not the only Pole who dedicated himself to the study of this region. Long before him, {...} some Polish patriots exiled to Siberia by the Tsar {...} The most notable of these patriots was Jan Czerski. He was a young geographer-geologist and a fighter for Polish freedom in the unsuccessful 1863 uprising against the Tsar." This is not true: Lithuanian patriot Jonas Čerskis ("Jan Czerski") - the fighter for freedom of Lithuania (his Homeland) was from the same family, as Kazimieras Čerskis - father of the author. Sorry, but our family never called themselves "Poles" or "Polish patriots".

• Magadan. Book by Michel Solomon.

• White Auschwitz of Kolyma. Essay by Stanisław J. Kowalski.

• Kolyma znachit smert - Kolyma means death. Opinions about "White Auschwitz" posted (06/14/2001 - 11/05/2001) on Free Republic Forum.

• Man Is Wolf to Man: Surviving the Gulag Memoir about Gulag in Kolyma by Polish Jew Janusz Bardach.

• Alaska Notes: On Modern Slavery. Essay by Ludwik Kowalski.

• Political prisoner Istvan Toth. Site is dedicated to Hungarian soldier, arrested in 1945 by Russian NKVD and sentenced for 25 years in Gulag, Kolyma.

• Dalstroy labour camps. Map of GULAG from the official Russian Kolyma.ru site.

• Map of GULAG. From the Russian site of Jewish community in Magadan.

• Shot dead in Kolyma. Short list by nationality of only known 7582 prisoners, that were executed in Kolyma.

• Jews executed in Kolyma. List of prisoners, in Russian.

• Magadan - city of prison camps and death. Kjell Sjöbergs Homepage.

• Documentary film "Kolyma". Winner of both the Berlin and Amsterdam Documentary Film Festivals.

• Kolyma: The Arctic Death Camps. Book by Robert Conquest.

• Stalin's Slave Ships : Kolyma, the Gulag Fleet, and the Role of the West Solid research, shocking accounts. The fleet's task was to relocate approximately one-million forced laborers to the Soviet Gulag in Kolyma.

• “Butygychag” - Death Valley. This is a documentary story about the special concentration camps, which existed during the Stalin’s period in Magadan region. The doctors of this zone during a period of thirty years conducted the criminal tests under the prisoners’ brains. Blaming the Nazi Germany in genocide secretly, on the state level the Soviet government carried out the not less monstrous program. The tests started in 1932 long before the doctor Mengele. In these very camps under the agreement with VKPB the Hitler’s special teams had a training and gained experience in the middle 30’s.

• Death Valley: The most sensational investigation by IPV News USA.

• Krawtchouk story. How a scientist received a job offer from the American Mathematical Society, was accused of being a foreign spy, and sent to GULAG (Kolyma).

• Kolyma-Dalstroj. Russian Kolyma site with interesting GULAG documents.

• Gulag Report. Camps in the area of Magadan.

• A visit to the GULAG Magadan. "In 1990, the author visited Magadan, NKVD headquarters for the GULAG of the Kolyma district or northeast Siberia. Magadan was the entry point into the GULAG world for millions of political prisoners, and so, for a large part of humanity, the very names Magadan and Kolyma came to have a resonance like that of Auschwitz, Treblinka, or Hiroshima."

• Soviet GULAG revisited. Article by Gleb Bryanski in REUTERS CLUB. "Palaeontologist turned tourist entrepreneur Alexei Alabushev wants to keep GULAG memory alive".

• Siberia: Kolyma. Journey down the Kolyma river into the heart of the Gulag Archipelago (1993-1994). Story by Gerard Jacobs.

• Kolyma Tales (Combined Two-Volume Edition). Powerful tales of the GULAG by Varlam Shalamov traslated by John Glad.

• Gulag and Gold. Ecotours to the Russian North-East of Siberia by ECOGULAG.

• Why: Kolyma, Auschwitz, Kosovo? Calendarium: dates and numbers.

• Kolyma: "The road of death". Faith Mission report about Kolyma.

• Photo Collection "Magadan and Kolyma - Today".

• Geology and mineralogy in "Magadan Oblast". From the site "Mineralogy of Russia". By Maurice L.D. de Graaf.

• Photo Album about Magadan today.

• Russian Seymchan site: photo galleries about Seymchan today.

• Photo gallery of Kolyma nature. By Far Eastern Siberian Tour Company.

• Kolyma seasons. Photo gallery by Vladimir Chehovskih.

• Ivan Panikarov Museum in Yagodnoye. In Russian. Interesting pictures of several Kolyma labour camps are included.

• Kolyma land. Personal HP made in memoriam of real Magadanians.

• Pictures from Kolyma. Some shots of Magadan, GULAG and Irkutsk today, by Larry Jandro.

• Pictures from Kolyma - "Siberian Auschwitz". Inluding some shots of Kolyma Uranium mines, Jakutia & Jakutsk, by Jim Duncan.

• The Jamestown Foundation. The Gulag Collection. The Gallery of paintings made by former Kolyma prisoner Nikolai Getman.

• The Thomas Sgovio Kolyma Collection. "The artist Thomas Sgovio created a series of drawings and paintings, based on memories of his life as a prisoner in the Soviet Gulag, that are now in the Hoover Archives."

• "Two Eras". The article by Charles Palm, the deputy director of the Hoover Institution.

• The Chukotka Autonomous Okrug. An Ethnographic Web Site by Patty Gray.

• Chukotka Photo Gallery. Russian site with more than 700 pictures.

Belorussia (Cherven Massacre):

• Cherven (Cerven) on the map.

• From the APPEAL of the Representatives of the Baltic 'Nations to the General Assembly of the United Nations: "About 2,000 Lithuanians from various prisons in Lithuania, mostly from Vilnius, were driven before the retreating Red Army into the interior of Russia. In Minsk these prisoners were joined by about 4,000 Poles and White-Russians from Polish and White-Russian prisons. On the way from Minsk to Mohilev in July 1941, in the woods of Chervene, the prisoners were mowed down with machine-guns by the escorting Soviet guards. Among the murdered were: the Deputy Prime Minister of Lithuania K. Bizauskas, and the Ministers of State S. Rusteika, J. Caplikas, and B. Giedraitis. However, a few eye-witnesses of the mass murder at Chervene remained alive under the piles of corpses. These, if need be, can make their statements under oath. The incident has been described in documented books, written by eye-witnesses of the murder: "Lithuania Under the Sickle and Hammer" (Cleveland, Ohio) by Colonel J. Petruitis, and "Mirties Kolona" (March of Death), Chicago, 111., by Antanas Tolis."

• ELTA No. 260 (1970), Saturday Issue, 20 June 1998 "LITHUANIANS TO PAY HOMAGE TO VICTIMS OF BOLSHEVIKS Vilnius, June 19 (ELTA) - A commemoration is to be held on Saturday near the Belarussian Chervene township, which had been a site of innocent people's massacre in 1941 June. The organisers of Chervene commemoration were Lithuanian population's genocide and resistance investigation centre, and Vilnius municipality. Vice-director of above-said centre Petras Girdzijauskas told ELTA the former political prisoners, deportees, relatives of those killed, and patriots would travel by buses on June 20 to Chervene to pay homage to the victims, as they did annually since restoration of Lithuanian independence. The available facts show that, with breaking out of World War II, a few thousand prisoners of Minsk jail were driven farther from the city and shot dead. Among them there were some 300 persons taken here from Lithuania's Kaunas prison -- these were mainly Lithuanian officers, scientists, and other intellectuals. Some of them managed to escape to tell the world about the crime executed by Bolsheviks. A survivor, Colonel Jonas Petruitis described the experienced horror in his book "How they shot us dead" which was soon translated into several foreign languages. Several monuments have been erected in the massacre site, sixty kilometres away from Minsk." http://elta.elta.lt/txt98/80620new.txt

• ABM -- Cherven Massacre by Soviet NKVD (1941). Article: March Held at Cherven to Commemorate the Victims of a Stalinist Massacre. BelaPAN, No. 116; Sunday, June 27, 1999.

• "Ihumen way". Photos of "Zhalbiny" - annual mourning ceremonies with the delegations from Lithuania, Poland and other countries that are organized on the place of the biggest execution on June 26.

Genocide in Ukraine:

• The Chronicle of the Communist Inquisition. By All Ukrainian Memorial Society of Vasyl Stus.

• The sad history of the "two" Ukraines. By Olga Kaczmar.

• The Artificial Famine 1932-33.

• Famine - Genocide in Ukraine 1933.

• Stalin's Justice. Ukranian artist Anna Ravliuc telling a story about her dad - Cornel Ravliuc - prisoner of Kolyma.

• Ukranian Famine Posters. For promoting awareness of the genocide of 7-10 million Ukrainians.

• Famine in Ukraine, 1932-1933. A collection of ten essays by Roman Serbyn (Editor) & Bohdan Krawchenko (Editor).

• My Journey Through Famine-Stricken Russia. An essay by Whiting Williams - the first man to travel across the hungry Russian Ukraine since famine conditions returned in the spring of 1933.

• Experiences in Russia, 1931, a Diary. By Gareth R.V. Jones (pdf file).

• Famine Exposure Newspaper Articles relating to Gareth Jones' trips to The Soviet Union (1930-33).

• The Harvest of Sorrow: Soviet Collectivization and the Terror-Famine. By Robert Conquest (as many as 14.5 million died in the years 1930-37 as a result of Stalin's terror against the peasantry: five million came from the Ukraine alone).

• Days of Famine, Nights of Terror: Firsthand Accounts of Soviet Collectivization 1928-1934. By Leonard Leshuk.

• The Ukrainian Famine (HOLODOMOR) of 1932-1933, and Aspects of Stalinism. An Annotated Bibliography-in-Progress prepared for The Shevchenko Scientific Society.

• Execution by Hunger: The Hidden Holocaust. An eyewitness account of the forced collectivization of Russian agriculture in 1929-1931 and the ensuing famine in the Ukraine by Miron Dolot.

• Walter Duranty - "the greatest liar of any journalist I have ever met," - Malcom Muggeridge. The Ukrainian Canadian Civil Liberties Association (UCCLA) - Duranty Protest Site.

• "The New York Times" Smoking Gun. Ukrainian Congress Committee of America official site about Walter Duranty and "Holodomor".

• The section of articles regarding the campaign to revoke Walter Duranty's 1932 Pulitzer Prize.

• "Revoke Walter Duranty's 1932 Pulitzer Prize" - International Protest Campaign. The Association of Ukrainians in Great Britain - Duranty Protest Site.

• Holodomor - Ukrainian Genocide Gallery. The information and stories about the ARTS and the famines in Ukraine.

• Famine in the Soviet Ukraine 1932-1933: A Memorial Exhibition, Widener Library, Harvard University. Catalog of the 1983 exhibition.

• Litopys UPA - Chronicle of the Ukrainian Insurgent Army.

• Brotherhood of Veterans of the 1st-Division of the Ukrainian National Army. Galicia Division by Michael O. Logusz.

• Political Thought of the Ukrainian Underground 1943-1951. Edited by Peter J.Potichnyj and Yevhen Shtendera.

Genocide in Chechen Republic of Ichkeria:

• Endless Genocide at Caucasus and Chechen Tragedy. Caucasus Foundation Reports-4.

• February 23d - Chechen Deportation Day. Danish Support Committee for Chechnya.

• Russian Genocide over Chechen People. Caution: this site contains graphics!

• The Genocide over Chechen Nation.

• The Declaration on the 60th Anniversary of the Chechen Deportation. By the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Chechen Republic of Ichkeria.

• Commemoration of Chechen Deportation Day in Prague. 23 February 2002.

• Rally to mark Chechen deportation anniversary held in St Petersburg (24.02.2004). By "The Chechen Times".

• Grozny - Chechnya : Photo Essay. By French photographer Eric Bouvet.

• Russian Agression on Chechen Republic. Photo Gallery.

• Photo Galleries about Two Russian Invasions in Chechen Republic. By Heidi Bradner.

Afghanistan:

• Soviet war in Afghanistan. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.

• Death toll of Soviet war in Afghanistan.

• War in Afghanistan. Soviet Phase: 1979-1989. Map of the war in Afghanistan.

• The Take-Down of Kabul: An Effective Coup de Main. An historical casebook by Lester W. Grau.

• Afganistan: The Soviet Invasion and the Afghan Response, 1979-1982. The online book by M. Hassan Kakar.

• The Soviet Invasion of Afganistan 1979-1989.

• Documents on the Soviet Invasion of Afghanistan. e-Dossier No.4.

• The Origins of the Soviet-Afghan War. Revelations from the Soviet Archives. Alternative Insight.

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