Checklist of Amphibians and Reptiles of Cebu

by Maren Gaulke

Email: mgaulke@web.de 


Class: Amphibia / Order: Anura / Family: Bufonidae (1 species)

    Scientific name: Bufo marinus (LINNAEUS, 1758)
    English name/local name: Giant Marine Toad
    Short description: SVL 86 – 132 mm; short legs, rough skin with many tubercles;
            two large parotoid glands on shoulder region; light to dark brown.
    Habitat: in cultivated areas.
    Remarks: species not indigenous to the Philippines, introduced from South America
            in the early  1930s.
    Distribution and status: found on most Philippine islands; very common.

Order: Anura / Family: Microhylidae (1 species)

    Scientific name: Kaloula conjuncta negrosensis (TAYLOR, 1920)
    English name/local name: Truncate-toed Chorus Frog
    Short description: SVL 29 - 47 mm; skin above smooth or with scattered tubercles;
            finger tipsexpanded and truncate; back olive brown, with an obscure darker pattern.
    Habitat: burrowing in soil or climbing vegetation.
    Remarks: nocturnal.
    Distribution and status: endemic to Cebu, Guimaras, Negros, Panay.

Class: Amphibia / Order: Anura / Family: Ranidae (7 species)

    Scientific name: Limnonectes cancrivorus (GRAVENHORST, 1829)
    English name/local name: Asian Brackish Water Frog
    Short description: SVL 46 – 88 mm; stocky body; skin of back with irregular folds;
            finger- and toetips rounded; toes completely webbed; several rounded
            tubercles on back; colour of back different shades of brown, with irregular
            darker spots.
    Habitat: in ditches, ponds, rice fields and even brackish water.
    Remarks: used as food.
    Distribution and status: widespread throughout Southeast-Asia; very common.

    Scientific name: Phrynoglossus laevis (GÜNTHER, 1858)
    English name/local name: Puddle Frog
    Short description: SVL 26 – 62 mm; short and stocky legs; small head; toes
            fully webbed; different shades of brown above with following four colour varieties:
            one middorsal stripe, two lateral stripes, darker reticulations, reddish head.
    Habitat: in small puddles or creeks, never away from water; in cultivated areas and
            in primary and secondary forests.
    Remarks: nocturnal, but sometimes also starts to call during daytime if it is raining.
    Distribution and status: wide distribution throughout Southeast Asia; very common.

    Scientific name: Platymantis corrugatus  (DUMERIL, 1853)
    English name/local name: Rough-Backed Forest Frog
    Short description: SVL 28 – 50 mm; long skin ridges on back; finger- and
            toetips slightly dilated; different shades of reddish-brown above; broad black
            band across sides of head.
    Habitat: forest floor; in primary and secondary forest.
    Remarks: hiding under leaves, rotting logs or stones during daytime, active during the night.  
    Distribution and status: endemic to the Philippines, on all major islands except Palawan;     
            relatively common but endangered through deforestation.       

    Scientific name: Platymantis dorsalis (Dumeril, 1853)  
    English name/local name: Common Forest Frog  
    Short description: SVL 27 – 53 mm; short skin ridges on back; finger- and toetips slightly  
           dilated; very variable colouration: different shades of brown, without markings or with
           middorsal stripe, with lateral stripes and light head or with black sides.
    Habitat: forest floor in primary and secondary forest and along creeks.  
    Remarks: hiding under leaves or rotting logs or stones during daytime; active during the night.  
    Distribution and status: endemic to the Philippines; common.  

    Scientific name:  Rana cf. everetti  (Boulenger, 1882)  Taxonomic status in need of verification
.   English name/local name: Everett´s Frog    
    Short description: SVL 43 – 90 mm; elongated body; expanded fingers and toes;
            skin of back smooth or with spinules; toes nearly completely webbed;
            colouration brown, yellowish brown, or grayish green.  
 
    Habitat:  forest close to water, on rocks in forest streams or lakes, or on leaves of low vegetation.  
    Remarks:  nocturnal.  
    Distribution and status:  endemic to the Philippines; rare.

    Scientific name:  Rana (Limnonectes) magna visayana (Inger, 1954)  
    English name/local name:  Visayan-Giant Philippine Frog  
    Short description:  SVL 51 – 150 mm; stocky body; finger- and toetips rounded;
            toes completely webbed; several rounded tubercles on back; colour of
            back different shades of brown.  

    Habitat:  clear mountain streams.  
    Remarks:  biggest ranid frog of the area; nocturnal; never far from water.  
    Distribution and status:  species endemic to the Philippines, subspecies endemic
            to the West-Visayas; common.  

Class: Amphibia / Order: Anura / Family: Rhacophoridae

    Scientific name:  Polypedates leucomystax (Gravenhorst, 1829)  
    English name/local name:  Common Tree Frog
    Short description:  SVL 50 – 75 mm; finger- and toetips strongly dilated; rudimentary
            webbing on fingers and extensive webbing on toes; upper surface smooth;
            brownish with four vague to distinct dark longitudinal bands on back that are
            sometimes broken, and several dark bands across limbs.  

    Habitat:  arboreal; all types of primary and secondary vegetation, even found in houses.  
    Remarks:  nocturnal, sometimes seen sleeping on the undersides of large leaves during daytime.  
    Distribution and status:  widespread throughout Southeast Asia, all over the Philippines; common.  

- - -

Class: Reptilia / Order: Sauria / Family: Agamidae (3 species)

    Scientific name:  Bronchocela cristatella (Kuhl, 1820)  
    English name/local name:  Green Crested Agamid, 
    Short description:  SVL 80 – 110 mm; tail more than three times the SVL;
            low nuchal and dorsal crests; normally light green, with irregalur whitish and
            bluish markings; able to change colour within seconds when handled, normally
            turning to dark brown.  

    Habitat:  in coconut plantations, bamboo grooves, secondary forests, or the outskirts of primary forests.  
    Remarks:  arboreal and diurnal.  
    Distribution and status:  widespread throughout Southeast-Asia; very common.  

    Scientific name:  Draco spilopterus (Wiegmann, 1834)  
    English name/local name:  Common Flying Lizard  
    Short description:  SVL 70 - 90 mm; males with large, triangular, orangish gular sac;
            females with small gular sac; patagia of males light brown with numerous small
            black spots; patagia of females with irregular dark and light brown, transverse bands.  

    Habitat:  primary and secondary forest, coconut plantations; mostly in the upper part of high trees.  
    Remarks:  this arboreal and diurnal lizards usually only comes to the ground for egg-laying;
            sleeping places have been found among twigs and leaves of low bushes.  

    Distribution and status:  endemic to the Philippines; common.

    Scientific name:  Hydrosaurus pustulatus (Eschscholtz, 1829)  
    English name/local name:  Philippine Sailfin Lizard  
    Short description:  SVL to about 30 cm, TL up to 100 cm; a high skin sail on the tail,
            which is more pronounced in males than in females.  

    Habitat:  vegetation of river banks.  
    Remarks:  these huge, mainly vegetarian agamid lizards live in small groups;
            in dangerous situations they flee into the water and dive away; able to run short
            distances on their hind limbs across water.  

    Distribution and status:  endemic to the Philippines, not in the Palawan- and Sulu-regions;
            once common but becoming rare in many areas.

Class: Reptilia / Order: Sauria / Family: Gekkonidae (12 species)

    Scientific name:  Cosymbotus platyurus (Schneider, 1792)  
    English name/local name: Flat-tailed Gecko    
    Short description:  SVL 43 - 61 mm; body dorsoventral depressed and with a marginal flap
            of skin; fingers and toes strongly dilated; no enlarged tubercle scales; tail with
            a marginal fringe of spiny scales; dorsum light to dark grey with irregular markings.  

    Habitat:  in huts and houses and their direct environment.  
    Remarks:  mainly nocturnal; one of the most common house lizards in the Philippines.  
    Distribution and status:  widespread throughout South- and Southeast-Asia; very common.  

    Scientific name:  Cyrtodactylus annulatus (Taylor, 1915)  
    English name/local name:  Ringed Forest Gecko  
    Short description:  SVL 44 – 76 mm; fingers and toes not dilated; 14 to 18 rows
            enlarged tubercle scales among small dorsal scales; dorsum light brown with some
            rows of dark brown crossbands.  

    Habitat:  in primary and secondary forest.  
    Remarks: arboreal and nocturnal; on tree stems or bigger leaves; can be found hiding
            under stones or fallen logs during daytime.
 
    Distribution and status: endemic to the Philippines; common within its habitat but
            endangered through deforestation. 
 

    Scientific name:  Gehyra mutilata (Wiegmann, 1834)  
    English name/local name: Common Four-clawed Gecko    
    Short description: 38 - 60 mm; no enlarged tubercles among small dorsal scales;
            a low ridge of skin on the body sides; dorsal colour grayish with irregular rows
            of dark and yellowish spots.  
 
    Habitat:  in huts and houses, plantations and forests.  
    Remarks:  mainly nocturnal and arboreal.  
    Distribution and status:  almost circumtropical distribution through man; common.

    Scientific name:  Gekko gecko gecko (Linnaeus, 1758)  
    English name/local name: Tokeh    
    Short description:  117 – 185 mm; fingers and toes dilated; 10 to 12 rows of enlarged
            tubercles among small dorsal scales; dorsal colour gray to bluish, with bright
            red or orange spots.  

    Habitat:  in huts and houses and their direct environment, in plantations and secondary forest.  
    Remarks:  mainly nocturnal; easily noticable through its loud call, sounding like „toko“.  
    Distribution and status:  widespread throughout Southeast-Asia; very common.

   Scientific name:  Gekko mindorensis  (Taylor, 1919)  
    English name/local name:  Mindoro Narrow-disked Gecko  
    Short description:  55 - 86 mm; 16 to 19 rows of enlarged tubercles among small dorsal
            scales; dorsal colour grayish to tan, with darker markings arranged in more or
            less distinct transverse bands.  

    Habitat:  in walls of caves close to the entrance and on tree trunks above the ground.  
    Remarks:  nocturnal.  
    Distribution and status:  endemic to the northern and central Philippines; relatively common.

    Scientific name:  Hemidactylus frenatus  (Dumeril & Bibron, 1836)    
    English name/local name: Common House Gecko    
    Short description:  SVL 37 – 65 mm; fingers and toes dilated but without webbing; irregularly
            scattered tubercle scales among small dorsal scales; colour highly variable,
            depending from substrate: light gray to dark brown, with or without darker markings.  

    Habitat:  in huts and houses and their direct environment.  
    Remarks:  mainly nocturnal.  
    Distribution and status:  almost circumtropical distribution through man; very common.

   Scientific name:  Hemidactylus stejnegeri (Ota & hikida, 1989)  
    English name/local name:  Garnot´s House Gecko  
    Short description: SVL 50 – 65 mm; with skin flaps on body sides; without enlarged
            tubercle scales or with small tubercles near the sides; dorsal colour grayish brown
            with more or less distinct darker and lighter spots.  
 
    Habitat:  in huts and houses, in the forest and on large stone formations.  
    Remarks: nocturnal, parthenogenetic.    
    Distribution and status:  almost circumtropical distribution through man; rare in the Philippines.

   Scientific name:  Hemiphyllodactylus typus typus (Bleeker, 1860)  
    English name/local name:  Common Dwarf Gecko  
    Short description:  SVL 28 – 47 mm; slender body not depressed; without enlarged
            tubercles; dorsal colour brown with small dark spots, sometimes with light vertebral
            line; tail lighter than dorsum.  

    Habitat:  in huts and houses and in the forest.  
    Remarks: nocturnal, hiding under stones, fallen logs or big leaves during daytime.  
    Distribution and status:  South- and Southeast-Asia; relatively rare.

    Scientific name:  Lepidodactylus herrei medianus  (Brown & Alcala, 1978)
    English name/local name:  White-lined Smooth-scaled Gecko 
    Short description:  SVL 34 – 55 mm; no tubercle scales among dorsals; distinct
            white line between ear and eye; dorsal ground colour yellowish to brown.  

    Habitat: in leaf axils of coconut trees and in lowland forests.      
    Remarks:  nocturnal.  
    Distribution and status: species endemic to the Philippines, subspecies
            endemic to Bohol, Cebu, Camotes and Leyte; common.

    Scientific name:  Lepidodactylus lugubris (Dumeril & Bibron, 1836)  
    English name/local name:  Mangrove Smooth-scaled Gecko  
    Short description:  SVL 30 – 47 mm; no tubercle scales among dorsals; dorsal ground
            colour yellowish to brown with irregularly margined dark and light transverse bands.

    Habitat:  leaf axils of coconut and Pandanus trees, mangrove trees, rocks along the shoreline.  
    Remarks: mainly nocturnal.    
    Distribution and status:  almost circumtropical distribution through man; very common.

    Scientific name:  Lepidodactylus planicaudus (Stejneger, 1905)  
    English name/local name:  Broad-tailed Smooth-scaled Gecko  
    Short description:  SVL 27 – 41 mm; tail strongly depressed with moderate to broad
            flange of skin; no tubercle scales among dorsals; dorsal ground colour cream to
            brown with darker irregular bands or blotches dorsolaterally.  

    Habitat:  leaf axils of coconut and Pandanus trees, on mangrove trees, and in aerial ferns.  
    Remarks: mainly nocturnal.  
    Distribution and status:  endemic to the Philippines; common.

    Scientific name:  Pseudogekko brevipes (Boettger, 1897)  
    English name/local name: Orang-spotted Smooth-scaled Gecko    
    Short description:  SVL 40 – 54 mm; slencer, subcylindrical body; digits dilated; no enlarged
            tubercles among dorsals; reddish-brown, occasionally with darker blemishes.  

    Habitat: leaf axils in dipterocarp and montane forests.    
    Remarks:  nocturnal.  
    Distribution and status:  endemic to Samar, Negros, Bohol Cebu and Panay, rare.

Class: Reptilia / Order: Sauria / Family: Scincidae (10 species)

    Scientific name:  Brachymeles cebuensis Brown & Rabor, 1967  
    English name/local name: Cebu Worm Skink    
    Short description:  SVL 55 – 74 mm; slender bodied; much reduces limbs with three
            vestigial digits on fore limbs and 2 vestigial digits on hind limbs; upper surface
            brownish with tiny blackish spots.

    Habitat:  in humus and rotting vegetation in secondary and primary forest.  
    Remarks: nocturnal and fossorial.    
    Distribution and status:  endemic to Cebu; rare.  

    Scientific name:  Brachymeles gracilis taylori (Brown, 1956)  
    English name/local name:  Common Burrowing Skink  
    Short description: SVL 66 – 103 mm; short legs with five tiny digits (pentadactyl);
            stocky bodied; dorsal colour brown to reddish-brown, occasionally with narrow light
            and dark longitudinal lines. 
 
    Habitat:  in humus and rotting vegetation in secondary and primary forest.  
    Remarks:  nocturnal and fossorial; even during nighttime only seldom seen on surface.  
    Distribution and status:   species endemic to the Philippines, subspecies endemic to some
            Islands of the West-Visayas; relatively common, but endangered through deforestation.  

    Scientific name:  Emoia atrocostata (Lesson, 1830)  
    English name/local name:  Gray Swamp Skink  
    Short description:  SVL 79 – 94 mm; body moderately slender; limbs well developed;
            dorsal colour gray, with many black spots.
 
    Habitat: in mangrove areas and along rocky coasts.   
    Remarks: diurnal, ground dwelling.  
    Distribution and status:  Southeast-Asia up to Australia; common.  

    Scientific name:  Lamprolepis smaragdina philippinica (Mertens, 1928)  
    English name/local name:  Philippine Spotted-Green Tree Skink  
    Short description:  SVL 80 – 114 mm; dorsal colour light green with variable brown markings.  
    Habitat:  trees in cultivated and undisturbed areas.  
    Remarks:  arboreal and diurnal; the only green tree skink in the Philippines.  
    Distribution and status:  subspecies endemic to the Philippines; very common.

    Scientific name:  Mabuya (Eutropis) indeprensa  (Brown & Alcala, 1980)  
    English name/local name:  Bronze Forest Mabouya  
    Short description:  SVL 46 – 67 mm; dorsal scales with 5 to 7 keels; dorsal colour bronze brown
            with several longitudinal series of dark spots; a dark dorsolateral band framed with light lines.
 
    Habitat:  forest floor of primary and secondary forest, also in cultivated areas if they are close to a forest.  
    Remarks: terrestrial and diurnal; often seen sunbathing on fallen logs in small forest clearings.  
    Distribution and status:  wide distribution in the Philippines, also in North-Borneo; common.

    Scientific name:  Mabuya (Eutropis) multicarinata borealis   (Brown & Alcala, 1980) 
    English name/local name:  Two-striped Mabouya
    Short description: SVL 50 – 85 mm; dorsal scales with 5 to 7 keels; dorsal colour bronze brown;
            two light longitudinal lines from head to base of tail, between which is a dark band
 
    Habitat: forest floor of primary and secondary forest and in plantations.   
    Remarks: terrestrial and diurnal.  
    Distribution and status:  Species endemic to the Philippines, subspecies endemic
            to Luzon and West-Visayas; common.  

    Scientific name:  Mabuya (Eutropis) multifasciata (Kuhl, 1820)   
    English name/local name: Common Mabouya  
    Short description:  SVL 109 – 137 mm; dorsal scales with 3 keels; dorsal colour dark brown
            to olive brown; oftenly with a large, shiny, yellow or orangish spots above forelegs.
 
    Habitat: inhabits the floor of cultivated areas like coconut plantations or open grasslands,
            not in undisturbed primary forest.
 
    Remarks: this large, diurnal and terrestrial skink is extremely sun loving, it can be seen
            sunbathing during the hottest times of the day.
 
    Distribution and status:  widespread throughout South- and Southeast Asia, up to
            New Guinea; very common.

    Scientific name:  Sphenomorphus jagori grandis  (Taylor, 1922)   
    English name/local name:  Jagor´s Forest Skink  
    Short description: SVL 100 – 110 mm; dorsal colour brown marked by narrow,
            irregular, transverse whitish lines; a conspicuous broad black bar above hind limbs.  
 
    Habitat: inhabits primary forest floor, also along stream banks.   
    Remarks: diurnal and terrestrial.  
    Distribution and status:  species endemic to the Philippines, subspecies endemic to the
            West-Visayan Islands; relatively common within its habitat but endangered through deforestation

    Scientific name:  Sphenomorphus steerei  (Stejneger, 1908)  
    English name/local name:  Steere´s Forest Skink  
    Short description: SVL 26 – 36 mm; dorsal colour brown, with darker dashes along middorsal line.   
    Habitat:  among leaves of the floor of secondary and primary forest, under small stones along stream banks.  
    Remarks:  diurnal and semifossorial.  
    Distribution and status:  endemic to the Philippines, very common.

    Scientific name:  Tropidophorus grayi  (Guenther, 1861)   
    English name/local name:  Spiny Water Skink  
    Short description: SVL 83 – 119 mm; head shields with prominent keels or ridges,
            dorsal and lateral scales with strong keels, those of tail ending in sharp spines;
            dorsal colour almost uniform dark brown. 
 
    Habitat:  under rocks and logs in the beds of forest streams.  
    Remarks:  diurnal and semiaquatic.  
    Distribution and status:  endemic to the northern and central Philippines; relatively common.

Class: Reptilia / Order: Sauria / Family: Varanidae (1 species)

    Scientific name:  Varanus salvator nuchalis (Guenther, 1872)   
    English name/local name: Rough-necked Water Monitor  
    Short description:  SVL 40 – 50 cm; strongly enlarged nuchal scales; dorsal colour dark gray,
            with a whitish middorsal line and more or less conspicuous whitish spots and ocelli
            arranged in transverse lines.
 
    Habitat: in cultivated and undisturbed habitats, usually not far away from water.   
    Remarks:  diurnal and mainly terrestrial, but can climb, swim and dive.  
    Distribution and status:  species widespread in Southeast Asia, subspecies endemic to the
            West-Visayan Islands in the Philippines; once very common but getting rare in
            many areas due to overhunting.  

Class: Reptilia / Order: Serpentes / Family: Colubridae (13 species)

    Scientific name:  Ahaetulla prasina preocularis (Taylor, 1922)  
    English name/local name: Green Whip-Snake  
    Short description:  TL up to 200 cm; very slender body; elongated head very distinct from neck;
            dorsal colour light green to bluish green; 15 middorsal scale rows; opisthoglyph.
   
    Habitat: shrubs and trees in cultivated and undisturbed areas.   
    Remarks:  diurnal and arboreal.  
    Distribution and status:  species widespread throughout Southeast Asia, subspecies endemic
            to the Philippines; common.  

    Scientific name:  Boiga cynodon (BOIE, 1827) 
    English name/local name: Dog-Tooth Cat Snake  
    Short description:  TL up to 280 cm; laterally compressed body; short head very distinct from neck;  
             23 midbody scale rows; 250 – 281 ventrals; 120 – 157 subcaudals; dorsal colour light brown 
             with numerous darker, partly saddle-shaped transverse bands, dark stripe from eyes to angle of
             jaws; opisthoglyph.
    Habitat: shrubs and trees in forested and cultivated areas.     
    Remarks: nocturnal and arboreal.
    Distribution and status:  species widespread throughout the Philippines as well as Southeast Asia;
              
relatively common.

    Scientific name:  Calamaria gervaisi  (Dumeril & Bibron, 1854)  
    English name/local name: Gervais´ Worm Snake  
    Short description: TL up to 321 mm; head not distinct from body;
            no internasals; no anterior temporals; colour above light brown with four longitudinal
            rows of small, dark dots; scales in 13 rows; aglyph. 
 
    Habitat:  in humus under rotting logs, and in tree buttresses.  
    Remarks: fossorial.  
    Distribution and status:  endemic to the Philippines; common.   

    Scientific Name: Cerberus rynchops (Schneider, 1799)
    English Name: Dog-Faced Water Snake
    Short description: TL up to 100 cm; slender body; small head with small eyes, slightly distinct
    from neck; dorsal scales strongly keeled; dorsal colour olive grey to brownish grey, with irregular
    dark transverse markings; 21 - 25 middorsal scale rows; opisthoglyph
    Habitat: coastal areas, brackish water, mangroves; but also in inland rivers and lagoons, and in ricefields.
    Remarks: aquatic.
    Distribution and status: widespread throughout South- and Southeast Asia, Neuguinea and Northern Australia;
    all over the Philippines; common.

    Scientific name:  Chrysopelea paradisi variabilis  (Mertens, 1968)  
    English name/local name: Variable Paradise Tree Snake  
    Short description: TL up to 130 cm; head distinct from neck; eyes large; dorsal colour
            blackish brown or gray, with a green spot on each scale, sometimes forming crossbars;
            a vertebral series of red spots might be present; 17 middorsal scale rows; opisthoglyph. 
 
    Habitat: on coconut trees and on forest trees.   
    Remarks: diurnal and arboreal.  
    Distribution and status: supspecies endemic to the Philippines; relatively common.  

    Scientific name:  Cyclocorus lineatus alcalai  (Leviton, 1965)   
    English name/local name: Triangle-spotted Snake  
    Short description: TL about 395 mm; head scarcely distinct from neck; eyes small;
            colour above light to dark brown, with somewhat indistinct, darker vertebral and
            dorsolateral lines; colour below cream, with numerous triangular, brown to blackish spots;
            middorsal scales in 17 rows; aglyph. 
 
    Habitat:   in secondary and primary forests, and in coconut and abaca groves.  
    Remarks:  ground dwelling to semifossorial.  
    Distribution and status:  genus endemic to the Philippines; subspecies endemic to the
            West-Visayas; relatively common.

    Scientific name:  Dendrelaphis pictus pictus (Gmelin, 1789)  
    English name/local name: Painted Bronzeback  
    Short description:  TL up to 120 cm; dorsal side light bronzebrown; a wide black band
            runs ventrolaterally from eye to tail; middorsal scales in 15 rows; aglyph.  

    Habitat: shrubs, trees and ground; mainly in cultivated areas.   
    Remarks: diurnal and arboreal.   
    Distribution and status:  widespread throughout Southeast-Asia; very common.

   Scientific name: Elaphe erythrura psephenoura (Leviton, 1977)  
    English name/local name: Philippine Rat Snake   
    Short description: TL up to 160 cm; dorsal side brown, darker at posterior part;
            upper part of tail almost black; middorsal scales in 21 rows; aglyph. 
 
    Habitat:  rice fields, grasslands, even in human dwellings.    
    Remarks:  diurnal and terrestrial.  
    Distribution and status:  species on the Philippines and Sulawesi, subspecies endemic to the
            West-Visayan Islands; once very common but becoming rare in some areas due to overkilling.

   Scientific name:  Lycodon (aulicus) capucinus (Boie, 1827)   
    English name/local name: Common Wolf Snake  
    Short description:  TL up to 76 cm; dorsal colour purplish brown to dark brown, with irregular white
            markings; a whitish to yellowish collar across neck; middorsal scales in 17rows; aglyph.
 
    Habitat: oftenly found in houses human dwellings, looking for house lizards; therefore also known as house-snake.   
    Remarks: nocturnal and ground dwelling.  
    Distribution and status:  widespread in South- and Southeast-Asia; common. 

    Scientific name:  Oxyrhabdium leporinum visayanum (Leviton, 1958)   
    English name/local name: Visayan Banded Burrowing Snake  
    Short description:  TL up to 80 cm; head not distinct from neck; dorsal colour dark brown to olive,
            iridescent; juveniles with a white nuchal collar and about 34 whitish bands
            across body; dorsal scales in 15 rows; aglyph.
 
    Habitat: under rocks or rotting logs on the forest floor.   
    Remarks:  fossorial.  
    Distribution and status: species endemic to the Philippines, subspecies endemic to Cebu and Negros;
            relatively common, but endangered through deforestation.
 

    Scientific name:  Pseudorabdion mcnamarae (Taylor, 1917)   
    English name/local name: Mcnamara´s Burrowing Snake  
    Short description:  TL up to 24 cm; head not distinct from neck; loreal present; preocular absent; dorsal
              scales in 15 rows around midbody; 128 – 145 ventrals; 20 – 27 subcaudals; anal single; dorsal side
              iridescent brown; a yellow collar might be present at neck region; ventral side brown or yellowish; aglyph
    Habitat: in humus and under rotting logs on the forest floor; between 500 and 1.130 m asl.   
    Remarks:  nocturnal and semifossorial.  
    Distribution and status: endemic to the Philippines, known from Cebu, Luzon, Negros, and Panay; relatively common.

    Scientific name:  Pseudorabdion oxycephalum (Günther, 1858)   
    English name/local name: Negros Light-scaled Burrowing Snake  
    Short description:  TL up to 28.2 cm; head not distinct from neck; loreal and preocular absent; dorsal scales in
              15 rows around midbody; 132 – 157 ventrals; 16 – 24 subcaudals; anal single; dorsal side dark reddish brown
               to blackish, with silvery iridescence, sometimes with darker vertebral stripe; aglyph.
    Habitat: in humus and under rotting logs on the forest floor; between seal level and 750 m asl.    
    Remarks:  nocturnal and semifossorial.
    Distribution and status: endemic to the Philippines, known from Cebu, Negros, and Panay; rare.

    Scientific name: Tropidonophis negrosensis (Taylor, 1917)    
    English name/local name: Spotted Water Snake  
    Short description: TL up to 90 cm; dorsal side olivebrown to darkbrown; a median series of
            dark transverse bars, becoming lighter on body sides; 17 middorsal scale rows; aglyph.
 
    Habitat: along mountain streams in forested areas.   
    Remarks: can be seen during day and night; terrestrial and semiaquatic.   
    Distribution and status: species endemic to the West-Visayas; common.  

Class: Reptilia / Order: Serpentes / Family: Elapidae (1 species)

    Scientific name:  Calliophis calligaster gemianulis (Peters, 1872)   
    English name/local name: Barred Coral Snake  
    Short description:  TL up to 53 cm; head not distinct from neck; no loreal shield; dorsal side
            dark with many narrow, broken, white reddish annuli; ventral side with alternating
            blackish and reddish crossbars; dorsal scales in 15 rows; poisono

    Habitat: under leave litter on the forest floor.   
    Remarks: semifossorial.  
    Distribution and status:  species endemic to the Philippines, subspecies endemic to the
            West-Visayas; relatively common.  

Class: Reptilia / Order: Serpentes / Family: Pythonidae (1 species)

Scientific name:  Python reticulatus (Schneider, 1801)   
    English name/local name: Reticulated Python  
    Short description:  TL can reach several metres, record lengths of about 10 m are reported;
            stout body with distinct head; dorsal colour different shades of brown with more or
            less symmetrical dark network; 69 to 80 middorsal scale rows; no poison fangs.  

    Habitat: in forested areas, oftenly close to water; also in cultivated areas and even in human dwellings.    
    Remarks:  nocturnal, mainly terrestrial.  
    Distribution and status:  widespread throughout Southeast Asia; once very common
            but becoming rare in many areas due to overhunting.  

Class: Reptilia / Order: Serpentes / Family: Typhlopidae (3 species)

    Scientific name:  Rhamphotyphlops braminus (Daudin, 1803)  
    English name/local name:  Brahminy Blind Snake   
    Short description:  TL up to 15 cm; smallest Blind Snake in the Philippines;
            head not distinct from neck; dorsal colour dark brown; scale rows around midbody 20; aglyph.
 
    Habitat:  in the soil of gardens and other cultivated areas, and in secondary forests.   
    Remarks:  nocturnal, fossorial.  
    Distribution and status:  circumtropical distribution; very common.  

    Scientific name:  Typhlops castanotus (Wynn & leviton, 1993)     
    English name/local name:   
    Short description: TL up to 25.3 cm; head not distinct from neck; 28 scale rows around anterior body,
             reducing to 24 rows posteriorly; dark dorsal stripe, 9 or 11 scale rows wide; dark dorsal side
             sharply set off from the cream colored lateral and ventral scales; tail uniform dark dorsally and 
             laterally; aglyph.
    Habitat: in humus and under rotting logs on the forest floor..  
    Remarks: nocturnal and semifossorial. 
    Distribution and status:  endemic to the Philippines, known from Boracay, Cebu, and Panay; rare.

    Scientific name:  Typhlops hypogius (SAVAGE, 1950)     
    English name/local name: Cebu Blind Snake   
    Short description: TL up to 18 cm; head not distinct from neck; dorsal colour
            grayish brown, head lighter than body; underside yellowish, with a dark area before
            anus; scale rows around midbody 24; aglyph. 
 
    Habitat:  not known, but probably in aerial ferns in forests.  
    Remarks: probably nocturnal.  
    Distribution and status:  endemic to Cebu; rare.   

Class: Reptilia / Order: Chelonia / Family: Bataguridae (1 species)

    Scientific name:  Cuora amboinensis amboinensis (Daudin, 1802)
    English name/local name: Asian Box Turtle   
    Short description: Carapax-length up to 25 cm; carapax dark brown,
            plastron yellowish with dark patches; headsides with distinct, longitudinal yellow stripes. 
 
    Habitat: in and along streams, creeks, rice fields, and swamp areas.    
    Remarks: semiaquatic.   
    Distribution and status: species widespread throughout Southeast Asia,
            subspecies Sulawesi, Moluccas and most Philippine Islands; once very common but
            becoming rare in many areas due to overcollecting and motorized ploughing.
 


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