FOOD ADDITIVES AND THEIR EFFECTS ON HEALTH (listed by number)
CODE	SOURCE CODE	ADDITIVE	DESCRIPTION	HEALTH EFFECTS OF ADDITIVES
100		Curcumin	orange-yellow colour, derived from turmeric, a member of the ginger family - canned beverages, baked products, dairy products, ice cream, yoghurts, yellow cakes, biscuits, popcorn-colour, sweets, cake icings, cereals, sauces, gelatines, direct compression tablets, etc	Nil known but research is continuing into its possible prevention of colon cancer. Causes mutations in bacteria and increases the weight of the thyroid gland in pigs.
101		Riboflavin (vitamin B2)	Riboflavin is yellow or orange-yellow in colour and in addition to being used as a food colouring it is also used to fortify some foods. It can be found in such foods as baby foods, breakfast cereals, sauces, processed cheese, fruit drinks and vitamin-enriched milk products as well as being widely used in vitamin supplements.	Nil Known but is now mostly GM s it can be produced synthetically using genetically modified Bacillus subtilis.
102		Tartrazine	A synthetic yellow azo dye found in fruit squash, fruit cordial, coloured fizzy drinks, instant puddings, cake mixes, custard powder, soups, sauces, ice cream, ice lollies, sweets, chewing gum, marzipan, jam, jelly, marmalade, mustard, yogurt and many convenience foods together with glycerin, lemon and honey products.	Hyperactivity, Asthma, Urticaria, Rhinitis, Bronchospasm, Blurred vision, Skin problems, Insomnia, Night terrors, aspirin sensitivity; migraine, purple skin patches. Banned in Norway and Austria.
103		Alkanet (Chrysoine Resorcinol)	Natural 'port-wine' colour from A. tinctoria plant.	Listed in Australia in 1992. Banned in US in 1988.
104		Quinoline yellow	Yellow colour found in ices, scotch eggs and smoked haddock.	Not permitted in Australia - may produce an allergic reaction. HCSG recommend to avoid it. Hyperactivity, Asthma, Eczema, Insomnia
105		Fast Yellow AB	Yellow colourant	It is now delisted in both Europe and USA and is not used anymore, as toxicological data shown it is harmful.
106		Riboflavin-5-Sodium Phosphate	Yellow food dye	No known adverse side effects
107		Yellow 2G	yellow colour, Typical products are soft drinks	The HACSG recommends to avoid it. People who suffer Asthma may also show an allergic reaction to it. Hyperactivity, Asthma, Eczema, Insomnia. Its use is banned in Australia, Austria, Japan, Norway, Sweden, Switzerland and the United States.
110		Sunset yellow FCF	yellow colour, Typical products are orange squash, orange jelly, marzipan, Swiss roll, apricot jam, citrus marmalade, lemon curd, sweets, hot chocolate mix and packet soups, trifle mix, breadcrumbs and cheese sauce mix.	the HACSG recommends to avoid it. Some people show allergic reactions to it (rashes, swelling, vomiting), hyperactivity; allergies; aspirin sensitivity, kidney tumours, chromosomal damage, abdominal pain, nausea and vomiting, indigestion, distaste for food; Asthma, Urticaria, Insomnia, Angioedema, seen increased incidence of tumours in animals.
111		Orange GGN (alpha-naphthol orange)	Orange colourant
120	1	Cochineal, carminic acid	red colour, Rarely used	the HASCG recommends to avoid it. Causes Hyperactivity, Asthma, Eczema, Insomnia.
122		Carmoisine	red colour. Typical products are confectionary, marzipan, jelly crystals	the HASCG recommends to avoid it. Sensitive people and asthmatics may show allergic reactions to it. Can cause Hyperactivity, Asthma, Urticaria, Insomnia, Oedema, and aspirin sensitivity
123		Amaranth	purplish-red colour. Typical products are cake mixes, fruit-flavoured fillings, jelly crystals	can provoke asthma, eczema, hyperactivity, urticaria and insomnia. It caused birth defects and foetal deaths in some animal tests, possibly also cancer. Banned in the United States in 1976, still used in Australia. Avoid it!
124		Brilliant scarlet 4R	red colour	the HACSG recommends to avoid it. Asthmatics and people with aspirin sensitivity may show allergic reactions. May cause hyperactivity, urticaria, insomnia and is a suspect for Cancer
127		Erythrosine	red colour. Typical products are custard mix, biscuits, glace' cherries, canned cherries and strawberries	the HACSG recommends to avoid it. Might increase thyroid hormone levels and lead to hyperthyroidism. Can cause sensitivity to light, was shown to cause thyroid cancer in rats in a study in 1990. May also cause urticaria, insomnia and asthma.
128		Red 2G	red colour	not permitted in Australia May cause hyperactivity, urticaria, insomnia and asthma.
129		Allura red AC	red colour. Typical products are biscuits, cake mixes, fruit-flavoured fillings.	may be an allergen in allergic skin conditions, has also been connected with cancer in mice.
131		Patent blue	blue colour	not permitted in AustraliaHyperactivity, Asthma, Skin sensitivity, Nausea, Low blood pressure, Tremor, Urticaria. Shock, Breathing problems.
132		Indigo carmine	blue colour. Typical products are confectionary, biscuits, tablets, capsules, ice-cream.	people with allergies should avoid it. May cause nausea, vomiting, high blood pressure, skin rashes, breathing problems and other allergic reactions, hyperactivity, pruritis and breathing problems.
133		Brilliant blue FCF	blue colour. Typically used in tinned peas, bacon-flavoured snacks	the HACSG* recommends to avoid it. Causes hyperactivity, asthma, urticaria and insomnia
140		Chlorophyll	green to olive colour	naturally part of man's diet - no known side effects
141		Copper complexes of chlorophyll and chlorophyllins	olive colour in oil and green colour in water - Can be found in some types of cheese, chewing gum, ice cream, Parsley sauce, soups and green vegetables and fruits preserved in liquids	May cause asthma, skin irritation and hay fever
142		Green S	green colour	seems safe in small quantities but may cause hyperactivity, asthma, urticaria or insomnia.
150		Caramel	dark brown colour. Typical products are oyster, soy, fruit and canned sauces, beer, whiskey, biscuits, pickles, drinks, soups, cakes, vinegar	the HACSG recommends to avoid it. Causes hyperactivity. B6 deficiency has been seen in rats.
151		Brilliant black BN	black colour, Synthetic colour; coal tar derivative, used in brown sauces, blackcurrant cake mixes;	may be carcinogenic. the HACSG recommends to avoid it. Has caused intestinal cysts in pigs. Potentially dangerous to asthmatics, probable cause for ADD in children and may cause urticaria and problem to rhinitis sufferers. Also known to interfere with some digestive enzymes. Banned in Denmark, Australia, Belgium, France, Germany, Switzerland, Austria, USA, Norway and greatly restricted Sweden.
153	2	Vegetable carbon, charcoal pigment; used in jams, jelly crystals, liquorice;	black colour	banned in the United States, still used in Australia although only the vegetable derived type are allowed. Studies in the US have linked this to cancer.
154		Brown FK	brown colour	not permitted in Australia. Hyperactivity, Asthma, Urticaria, Insomnia, Genetic Mutation.
155		Chocolate brown HT	brown colour. Typical products are chocolate cake mixes	the HACSG recommends to avoid it. Hyperactivity, Asthma, Skin sensitivity, Insomnia.
160(a)	2	Carotene, alpha-, beta-, gamma-	orange-yellow colour	converts to vitamin A in the body. No known side effects.
160(b)		Annatto (bixin, norbixin)	peach colour. Typical products are dairy products.	the HACSG recommends to avoid it.
160(c)		Capsanthin	*	not permitted in Australia
160(d)		Lycopene	*	not permitted in Australia
160(e)		Beta-apo-8'-carotenal	orange colour	no adverse effects are known
160(f)		Ethyl ester of beta-apo-8'-carotenic acid	orange colour	no adverse effects are known
161		Xanthophylls	yellow colour	unlikely to produce adverse effects
161(b)		Lutein	Yellow colour derived from plants, naturally found in green leaves, marigolds and egg yolks.	Asthma, Skin irritation, Hay fever
161(g)	2	Canthaxanthin	orange colour	no adverse effects are known
162		Beet red, betanin	purple colour	no adverse effects are known
163		Anthocyanins	violet colour	no adverse effects known
170		Calcium carbonate	added calcium	no adverse effects are known
171		Titanium dioxide	white colour	conflicting reports about this additive.
172		Iron oxides	tinned fish, fish pastes	toxic in high doses
173		Aluminium	used to prevent caking	not permitted in Australia. Kidney stress
174		Silver	*	not permitted in Australia. Blue-grey skin.
175		Gold	*	not permitted in Australia. Many harmful side-effects have been recorded for gold infections. None so far detected with gold taken by mouth.
180		Pigment rubine	red colour	not permitted in Australia. Hyperactivity, Asthma, Skin sensitivity, Insomnia.
181		Tannic acid, tannins	clarifying agent in alcoholic drinks	no known adverse reactions
200		Sorbic acid	*	possible skin irritant
201		Sodium sorbate	*	Asthma, Skin irritation, Hay Fever
202		Potassium sorbate	*	Asthma, Skin irritation, Hay Fever.
203		Calcium sorbate	-	Asthma, Skin irritation, Hay Fever.
210		Benzoic acid	Typical products are soft drinks, juices, cordials, chilly pastes, confectionery, cheeses, baked goods	the HACSG recommends to avoid it. Hyperactivity, Asthma, Urticaria, Insomnia, Gastric irritation, Neurological disorders. Reacts with E222.
211		Sodium benzoate	Typical products see 210	the HACSG recommends to avoid it. Hyperactivity, Asthma, Urticaria, Insomnia
212		Potassium benzoate	Typical products see210	People with a history of allergies may show allergic reactions. Hyperactivity, Asthma, Urticaria, Insomnia.
213		Calcium benzoate	-	see 212
214		Ethyl4-hydroxybenzoate	-	not permitted in Australia. Hyperactivity, Asthma, Urticaria, Insomnia, Numb mouth, Skin sensitivity.
215		Sodium salt	-	not permitted in Australia.Hyperactivity, Asthma, Urticaria, Insomnia, Numb mouth.
216		Propybaraben	-	possible contact allergen. Hyperactivity, Asthma, Skin problems, Insomnia, Numb mouth.
217		Propyl4-hydroxybenzoate	-	not permitted in Australia. Hyperactivity, Asthma, Skin problems, Insomnia, Numb mouth
218		Methylparaben	-	allergic reactions possible, mainly affecting the skin. Hyperactivity, Asthma, Insomnia, Numb mouth.
219		Methyl4-hydroxybenzoate	-	not permitted in Australia. Hyperactivity, Asthma, Skin problems, Insomnia, Numb mouth.
220		Sulphur dioxides	typical products are beer, soft drinks, dried fruit, juices, cordials, wine, vinegar, potato products	the HACSG recommends to avoid it. May cause allergic reactions in asthmatics, Irritation of the alimentary tract. Destruction of Vitamins E and B1 and causes hyperactivity
221		Sodium sulphite	typical products are beer, soft drinks, dried fruit, juices, cordials, wine, vinegar, potato products	the HACSG recommends to avoid it. May cause allergic reactions in asthmatics, destroys vitamin B1 and E.
222		Sodium bisulsulphite	typical products are beer, soft drinks, dried fruit, juices, cordials, wine, vinegar, potato products	the HACSG recommends to avoid it. May cause allergic reactions in asthmatics, destroys vitamin B1 and E, and causes hyperactivity
223		Sodium metabisulphite	typical products are beer, soft drinks, dried fruit, juices, cordials, wine, vinegar, potato products	the HACSG recommends to avoid it. Gastric irritation, Reduction of Vitamins B and E, Food aversion, Skin reactions, Asthma.
224		Potassium metabisulphite	typical products are beer, soft drinks, dried fruit, juices, cordials, wine, vinegar, potato products	the HACSG recommends to avoid it. May cause allergic reactions in asthmatics, destroys vitamin B1. Dyspnea, Cyanosis, Faintness, Unconsciousness.
225		Potassium sulphite	typical products are beer, soft drinks, dried fruit, juices, cordials, wine, vinegar, potato products	the HACSG recommends to avoid it. May cause allergic reactions in asthmatics, destroys vitamin B1
226		Calcium sulphite	-	not permitted in Australia. Gastric irritation, Reduction of Vitamins B and E, Asthma.
227		Calcium hydrogen sulphite	-	not permitted in Australia. Gastric irritation, Reduction of Vitamins B and E, Asthma.
228		Potassium bisulphite	typical products are beer, soft drinks, dried fruit, juices, cordials, wine, vinegar, potato products	the HACSG recommends to avoid it. May cause allergic reactions in asthmatics, destroys vitamin B1
230		Biphenyl	can be used for agricultural purposes, typical products are citrus fruit	not permitted in Australia. Nausea, Vomiting, Irritation to eyes and nose.
231		2-Hydroxybiphenyl	can be used for agricultural purposes, typical products are pears, carrots, peaches, plums, prunes, sweet potato, citrus fruit, pineapples, tomatoes, peppers, cherries, nectarines	not permitted in Australia. Nausea, Vomiting, Irritation to eyes and nose.
232		Sodium biphenyl-2-yl oxide	can be used for agricultural purposes, typical products are pears, carrots, peaches, plums, prunes, sweet potato, citrus fruit, pineapples, tomatoes, peppers, cherries, nectarines	not permitted in Australia. Nausea, Vomiting, Irritation to eyes and nose.
233		Thiabendazole	can be used for agricultural purposes, typical products are citrus fruits, apples, pears, potatoes, bananas, mushrooms, meat, milk	not permitted in Australia. Causes Skin disorders
234	3	Nisin	a natural antimicrobial agent used as a preservative in heat processed and low pH foods	not currently approved as an allowable ingredient in organic food production as it can, in some instances, be the product of genetically engineered bacteria.
235		Natamycin	sometimes used medically to treat candidiasis. Typical products are meat, cheese - its an antimyotic food additive used to protect cheese from mold and yeast growth	Can cause nausea, vomiting, anorexia, diarrhoea and skin irritation.
236		Formic acid	-	not permitted in Australia. Diuretic, Can cause skin problems, Urinary disorders
237		Sodium formate	-	not permitted in Australia. Diuretic, Kidney disorders.
238		Calcium formate	-	not permitted in Australia. Diuretic, Kidney disorders.
239		Hexamine	-	not permitted in Australia. Gastrointestinal upsets, Urinary upsets, Skin rashes, GENE MUTATIONS in animal studies, Cancer.
249		Potassium nitrite	typical products are meat products	may cause dizziness, headaches, difficult breathing, potential carcinogen. NOT SUITABLE FOR BABIES UNDER SIX MONTHS. Causes destruction of red blood corpuscles, Cancer, Asthma. As this substance is not suitable for babies under six months we suggest it would be advisable for pregnant and lactating mothers to avoid it also unless/until it is proven safe in these circumstances.
250		Sodium nitrite	alters the color of preserved fish and meats and also prevents growth of Clostridium botulinum, the bacteria which causes botulism.	the HACSG recommends to avoid it (see 249), hyperactivity; Asthma, Urticaria, Insomnia, Nausea, Vomiting, Dizzyness. Cancer in animals. As this substance is not suitable for babies under six months we suggest it would be advisable for pregnant and lactating mothers to avoid it also unless/until it is proven safe in these circumstances. potentially carcinogenic, can be toxic for humans (lethal dose ca. 4g)
251		Sodium nitrate	-	see 250. Deoxygenation of the blood. Cancer. As this substance is not suitable for babies under six months we suggest it would be advisable for pregnant and lactating mothers to avoid it also unless/until it is proven safe in these circumstances.
252	2	Potassium nitrate	-	see 249. Gastro-enteritis, Severe abdominal pain, Vomiting, Vertigo, Muscular weakness, Irregular pulse, Deoxygenation of blood. Cancer. As this substance is not suitable for babies under six months we suggest it would be advisable for pregnant and lactating mothers to avoid it also unless/until it is proven safe in these circumstances.
260		Acetic acid	-	No known side effects.
261		Potassium acetate	Typical products are sauces, pickles	Should be avoided by people with impaired kidney function.
262		Sodium hydrogen diacetate,	-	No known side effects
262		Sodium acetate and Sodium acetate (anhyrdrous)	-	NOT SUITABLE FOR BABIES AND YOUNG CHILDREN. Increased body fluid salt concentrations. As this substance is not suitable for babies under six months we suggest it would be advisable for pregnant and lactating mothers to avoid it also unless/until it is proven safe in these circumstances. Where only the number 262 is used please check with the manufacturer as to which form of 262 has been used.
263		Calcium acetate	-	no known side effects
264		Ammonium acetate	-	can cause nausea and vomiting
270	2	Lactic acid	typical products are infant formula, confectionary, dressings, soft drinks	NOT SUITABLE FOR BABIES AND YOUNG CHILDREN. As this substance is not suitable for babies under six months we suggest it would be advisable for pregnant and lactating mothers to avoid it also unless/until it is proven safe in these circumstances.
280		Propionic acid	-	-
281		Sodium propionate	typical products are flour products	may be linked to migraines
282		Calcium propionate	flour products	Migraine.
283		Potassium propionate	-	Migraine.
290		Carbon dioxide	typical products are wine, soft drinks, confectionary	may increase the effect of alcohol
296		DL-Malic acid	-	infants and young children should avoid it
297		Fumaric acid	-	no known side effects
300		Ascorbic acid	vitamin C helps maintain the red color of cured meat and prevents the formation of nitrosamines, which promote cancer (see SODIUM NITRITE). It helps prevent loss of color and flavor by reacting with unwanted oxygen. It is used as a nutrient additive in drinks and breakfast cereals. Sodium ascorbate is a more soluble form of ascorbic acid.	implicated in exacerbation of arthritic symtpoms. Large amounts of ascorbic acid may reduce the severity of colds and offer other health benefits. VERY LARGE DOSES can cause diarrhoea. More than 10gm per day could cause kidney stones in susceptible people. No known adverse effects in standard doses.
301		Sodium ascorbate	sodium salt of vitamin C	-
302		Calcium ascorbate	vitamin C	may increase the formation of calcium oxalate stones
303		Potassium ascorbate	potassium salt of vitamin C	-
304		Ascorbyl palmitate	same function as vitamin C	-
306, 307 308, 309		Tocopherols	vitamin E prevents oils from going rancid	Recent studies indicate that large amounts of vitamin E may help reduce the risk of heart disease and cancer.
310		Propyl gallate (anti oxidant)	typical products are margarine, fats, salad dressings	NOT SUITABLE FOR BABIES AND YOUNG CHILDREN. Hyperactivity, Asthma, Urticaria, Insomnia, Gastric Irritation, REPRODUCTIVE FAILURES, Liver damage. As this substance is not suitable for babies under six months we suggest it would be advisable for pregnant and lactating mothers to avoid it also unless/until it is proven safe in these circumstances.
311		Octyl gallate	-	NOT SUITABLE FOR BABIES AND YOUNG CHILDREN. Hyperactivity, Asthma, Urticaria, Insomnia, Gastric Irritation. As this substance is not suitable for babies under six months we suggest it would be advisable for pregnant and lactating mothers to avoid it also unless/until it is proven safe in these circumstances.
312		Dodecyl gallate	-	NOT SUITABLE FOR BABIES AND YOUNG CHILDREN. Hyperactivity, Asthma, Urticaria, Insomnia, Gastric Irritation. As this substance is not suitable for babies under six months we suggest it would be advisable for pregnant and lactating mothers to avoid it also unless/until it is proven safe in these circumstances.
317		Erythorbic acid	very similar to ascorbic acid, but has no value as a vitamin.	-
318		Sodium erythorbate	-	-
319		tert-Butylhydroquinone (anti oxidant)	Typical products are fats, oils, margarine, packet chips	The HACSG recommends to avoid it. May cause nausea, vomiting, delirium. A dose of 5g is considered fatal.
320		Butulated hydroxyanisole (anti oxidant)	Typical products are fats, oils, margarine, nuts, instant potato products, fried snacks, soft drinks, chewing gum	The HACSG recommends to avoid it. Can cause hyperactivity; asthma; adverse reactions; allergies; NOT SUITABLE FOR BABIES AND YOUNG CHILDREN. Hyperactivity, Urticaria, Insomnia, Raised lipid and cholesterol in blood. Problems with liver metabolism. As this substance is not suitable for babies under six months we suggest it would be advisable for pregnant and lactating mothers to avoid it also unless/until it is proven safe in these circumstances.
321		Butylated hydroxytoluene	Typical products are nuts	The HACSG recommend to avoid it. NOT SAFE FOR BABIES AND YOUNG CHILDREN. Hyperactivity, Asthma, Urticaria, Insomnia, Skin rashes, Problems with liver metabolism. REPRODUCTIVE FAILURES. Blood cell changes. Cancer seen in animal studies. As this substance is not suitable for babies under six months we suggest it would be advisable for pregnant and lactating mothers to avoid it also unless/until it is proven safe in these circumstances.
322	2	Lecithins	Vitamin - nutritious and non-toxic	-
325	2	Sodium lactate	-	young children with lactose intolerance may show adverse reactions. NOT SAFE FOR BABIES AND YOUNG CHILDREN. Increases antioxidant effect of other substances. As this substance is not suitable for babies under six months we suggest it would be advisable for pregnant and lactating mothers to avoid it also unless/until it is proven safe in these circumstances.
326	2	Potassium lactate	-	NOT SUITABLE FOR BABIES AND YOUNG CHILDREN. Increases antioxidant effect of other substances. As this substance is not suitable for babies under six months we suggest it would be advisable for pregnant and lactating mothers to avoid it also unless/until it is proven safe in these circumstances.
327	2	Calcium lactate	-	see 325
328	2	Ammonium lactate	-	see 325
329	2	Magnesium lactate	-	see 325
330		Citric acid	occurs naturally in citrus fruits	has been indicated in exacerbation of arthritic symptoms. IN VERY LARGE AMOUNTS can have local irritant action, and/or cause erosion of teeth.
331		Sodium citrates	-	-
332		Potassium citrates	-	No known adverse effects, except for kidney patients.
333		Calcium citrates	-	Large amounts may cause mouth ulcers.
334		Tartaric acid	-	In large quantities can cause gastric irritations.
335		Sodium tartrates	-	-
336		Potassium tartrates	-	Kidney stress for people with impaired kidney or liver function.
337		Sodium potassium tartrate	-	-
338		Phosphoric acid	-	Digestive disorders.
339		Sodium orthophosphates	-	high intakes may upset the calcium/phosphorus equilibrium. Digestive disorders.
340		Potassium orthophosphates	-	see 339
341		Calcium orthophosphates	-	Digestive disorders.
343		Magnesium phosphates	-	essential minerals
350		Sodium malates	-	-
351		Potassium malate	-	-
352		Calcium malates	-	-
353		Metatartaric acid	-	-
354		Calcium tartrate	-	-
355		Adipic acid	-	-
357		Potassium adipate	-	-
363		Succinic acid	-	not permitted in Australia.
365		Sodium fumarate	-	-
366		Potassium fumarate	-	-
367		Calcium fumarate	-	-
370		1,4-Heptonolactone	-	not permitted in Australia.
375		Niacin	vitamin B3	-
380		Tri-ammonium citrate	-	may interfere with liver and pancreas function
381		Ammonium ferric citrates	-	essential mineral
385		Calcium disodium EDTA	-	not permitted in Australia. Vomiting, Diarrhoea, Abdominal cramps, Interference with absorption of minerals.
400		Alginic acid	-	No known adverse effects in small quantities. Large quantities can inhibit the absorption of some nutrients
401		Sodium alginate	An edible, natural gum obtained from kelp, it is derived from a variety of brown seaweeds. It is used extensively in ice cream and restructured products such as restructured fruits and meats.	see 400
402		Potassium alginate	-	see 400
403		Ammonium alginate	-	see 400
404		Calcium alginate	-	see 400
405		Propylene glycol alginate	-	-
406		Agar	uses are as a laxative, a vegetarian gelatin substitute � a thickener for soups, in jellies, ice cream and Japanese desserts such as anmitsu, as a clarifying agent in brewing	see 400. Very large quantities can cause flatulence and distention, Possibly intestinal obstruction.
407		Carrageenan (emulsifier)	They are widely used in the food and other industries as thickening and stabilizing agents. Used in ice-cream, jellies, cake decorations, cheese, salad dressings, beer, toothpaste, pates and processed meat.	allergies; intolerances; Ulcerative colitis, Cancer.
410		Locust bean gum	-	may lower cholesterol levels. Asthma, Skin irritation, Hay fever.
412		Guar gum	-	Nausea, Flatulence and Abdominal cramps.
413		Tragacanth	-	possible contact allergy
414		Acacia	An important ingredient in soft drink syrups, "hard" gummy candies like gumdrops, and in marshmallows.	possible allergen, soothes irritations of mucous membranes. Allergic reactions.
415		Xanthan gum	Natural gum polysaccharide used as a food additive and rheology modifier. Sometimes used as a substitute for gluten in baked goods.	Asthma, Skin irritation, Hay fever.
416		Karaya gum	-	Asthma, Skin irritation, Hay fever. Possible allergen.
420		Sorbitol	Typical products are dried fruits, confectionary, pastries, low calorie foods	Not permitted in foods for infants and young children, VERY LARGE AMOUNTS can cause flatulence, diarrhoea and abdominal distension.
421		Mannitol (emulsifier)	Typical products are low calorie foods, ice-cream, confectionery, low calorie foods	Possible allergen may cause nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea.
422	2	Glycerin	Typical products are liqueurs, confectionary, dried fruit, low calorie foods	Large quantities can cause headaches, thirst, nausea and high blood sugar levels.
430	2	Polyoxyethylene (8) Stearate	-	Skin problems, gastrointestinal problems, urinary tract problems, kidney stones.
431	2	Polyoxyethylene (40) Stearate	-	Skin problems, gastrointestinal problems, urinary tract problems, kidney stones.
432	2	Polyoxyethylene (20) Sorbitan Monolaurate or Polysorbate 20	-	not permitted in Australia. Conflicting reports. VERY LARGE AMOUNTS can cause flatulence, diarrhoea and abdominal distension.
433	2	Polyoxyethylene (20) Sorbitan Mono-Oleate or Polysorbate 80	-	may increase the absorption of fat-soluble substances
434	2	Polyoxyethylene (20) Sorbitan Monopalmitate	-	not permitted in Australia. Increases absorption of fat soluable substances. VERY LARGE AMOUNTS can cause flatulence, diarrhoea and abdominal distension
435	2	Polyoxyethylene (20) Sorbitan Monostearate or Polysorbate 60	-	Increases absorption of fat soluable substances. VERY LARGE AMOUNTS can cause flatulence, diarrhoea and abdominal distension
436	2	Polyoxyethylene (20) Sorbitan Tristearate or Polysorbate 65	-	Increases absorption of fat soluable substances. VERY LARGE AMOUNTS can cause flatulence, diarrhoea and abdominal distension
440(a)		Pectin	Under acidic conditions, pectin forms a gel, and it can be used as an edible thickening agent in processed foods. This effect is used for making jams and jellies.	Large quantities may cause temporary flatulence or intestinal discomfort
440(b)		Amidated pectin	-	-
441	1	Gelatine	Thickening agent used in jellies	Possible allergen may contain 220, asthmatics and people allergic to sulphites need to be cautious - best to avoid
442	2	Ammonium phosphatides	-	May remove essential minerals.
450		Sodium and potassium polyphosphates	-	High intakes may upset the calcium/phosphate equilibrium. May remove essential minerals.
460		Powdered cellulose	-	-
461		Methylcellulose	-	can cause flatulence, distension, intestinal obstruction
463		Hydroxypropyl-cellulose	-	not permitted in Australia
464		Hydroxypropyl-methylcellulose	-	-
465		methylethylcellulose	-	-
466		Sodium carboxymethyl-cellulose	-	Intestinal obstruction
469	1	Sodium caseinate	-	-
470a	2	Sodium, Potassium and Calcium Salts of Fatty Acids	-	not permitted in Australia. IN QUANTITY, can interfere with intestinal function.
470b	2	Magnesium Stearate	-	not permitted in Australia. IN QUANTITY, can interfere with intestinal function.
471	2, 3	Mono- and diglycerides of fatty acids	Black Forest gateau mix, cakes, hot-chocolate mix, aerosol creams, shaped crisps, quick custard mix, packet dessert topping, dehydrated potato and sponge puddings.	-
472a	2	Acetic & Fatty Esters of Glycerol	used as coating for meat products, nuts and fruits where it improves appearance and extends shelf life. Can also be found in bread, dessert toppings and cheesecake and mousse mixes	-
472b	2	Lactic & Fatty Acid Esters of Glycerol	-	-
472c	2	Citric & Fatty Acid Esters of Glycerol	-	-
472d	2	Tartaric & Fatty Acid Esters of Glycerol	-	-
472e	2	Di-Acetyl Tartaric & Fatty Acid Esters of Glycerol	-	-
472f	2	Mixed Acetic and Tartaric Acid Esters of Mono- and Di-Glycerides of Fatty Acids	-	-
473	2	Sucrose esters of fatty acids	-	-
474	2	Sucroglycerides	-	not permitted in Australia
475	2	Polyglycerol esters of fatty acids	-	-
476	2	Polyglycerol polyricinoleate	-	-
477	2	Propylene glycol esters of fatty acids	-	-
478	2	Lactylated Fatty Acid Esters of Glycerol and Propane-1,2 Diol	-	-
479b	2	Thermally Oxidised Soya Bean Oil Interacted With Mono- and Di-Glycerides of Fatty Acids	-	-
480		Dioctyl sodium sulphosuccinate	-	awaiting results of studies
481	2	Sodium stearoyl-2-lactylate	-	-
482	2	Calcium stearoyl-2-lactylate	-	-
483	2	Stearyl tartrate	-	not permitted in Australia
491	2	Sorbitan monos tearate	-	-
492	2	Sorbitan tristearate	-	may increase the absorption of fat-soluble substances
493	2	Sorbitan monolaurate	-	not permitted in Australia
494	2	Sorbitan mono-oleate	-	not permitted in Australia
495	2	Sorbitan monopalmitate	-	not permitted in Australia
500		Sodium carbonades	-	Large amounts cause corrosion of the gut, gastric upsets, circulation problems.
501		Potassium carbonates	-	-
503		Ammonium carbonates	-	irritant to mucous membranes and stomache lining
504		Magnesium carbonate	medically used as an antacid and laxative	-
507		Hydrochloric acid	-	Intestinal ulceration, Haemorrhage, Perforation, Gastric ulceration, Nausea and Vomiting.
508		Potassium chloride	-	Intestinal ulceration, Haemorrhage, Perforation, Gastric ulceration, Nausea and Vomiting.
509		Calcium chloride	-	Intestinal ulceration, Haemorrhage, Perforation, Gastric ulceration, Nausea and Vomiting.
510		Ammonium chloride	Typical products are flour products	Should be avoided by people with impaired liver or kidney function
511		Magnesium chloride	-	magnesium is an essential mineral
513		Sulphuric acid	-	not permitted in Australia. Poisonous.
514		Sodium sulphate	-	NOT SAFE FOR BABIES. Affects kidney and heart functions. As this substance is not suitable for babies under six months we suggest it would be advisable for pregnant and lactating mothers to avoid it also unless/until it is proven safe in these circumstances.
515		Potassium sulphate	-	-
516		Calcium sulphate	-	-
518		Magnesium sulphate	a laxative	Problems with kidney patients.
519		Copper sulphate	essential mineral	-
524		Sodium hydroxide	-	not permitted in Australia
525		Potassium hydroxide	-	not permitted in Australia. Burning pain in mouth, throat and stomach. Swelling of lining membranes, vomiting, pain and shock.
526		Calcium hydroxide	-	no adverse effects in small quantities
527		Ammonium hydroxide	-	not permitted in Australia
528		Magnesium hydroxide	-	not permitted in Australia
529		Calcium oxide	-	safe in small quantities
530		Magnesium oxide	-	not permitted in Australia
535		Sodium ferrocyanide	-	Low level of toxicity.
536		Potassium ferrocyanide	-	low toxicity
540		Dicalcium diphosphate	-	not permitted in Australia. Small chances of adverse reaction
541		Sodium aluminium phosphate	-	not permitted in Australia. UNSAFE FOR SMALL BABIE OR PEOPLE SUFFERING FROM KIDNEY OR HEART PROBLEMS. As this substance is not suitable for babies under six months we suggest it would be advisable for pregnant and lactating mothers to avoid it also unless/until it is proven safe in these circumstances.
542	1	Bone phosphate	-	-
544		Calcium polyphosphates	-	not permitted in Australia. Digestive disturbances due to blocked enzyme systems. Allergic reactions.
545		Ammonium polyphosphates	-	not permitted in Australia. Digestive disturbances due to blocked enzyme systems. Allergic reactions.
551		Silicon dioxide	-	-
552		Calcium silicate	antacid	-
553(a)		Magnesium silicates	-	not permitted in Australia
553(b)		Talc	typical products are polished rice, chocolate, confectionary	has been linked to stomach cancer
554		Sodium aluminium silicate	-	Aluminium is known to be neurotoxic and aluminium toxicity has been implicted with Alzheimers disease.
556		Calcium aluminium silicate	-	Aluminium is known to be neurotoxic and Aluminium toxicity has been implicted with Alzheimers disease.
558		Bentonite	-	-
559		Kaolins	-	-
570	2	Stearic acid	-	-
572	2	Magnesium stearate	-	Only harmful if the powder is inhaled.
575		Glucono delta-lactone (GDL)	a naturally occurring food additive used as a sequestrant, an acidifier, or a curing, pickling, or leavening agent. Commonly found in honey, fruit juices, and wine. Being acidic, it adds a tangy taste to foods, though it has roughly a third of the sourness of citric acid. It is metabolized to glucose; one gram of GDL is equivalent to one gram of sugar.	-
576		Sodium gluconate	-	not permitted in Australia
577		Potassium gluconate	-	-
578		Calcium gluconate	-	-
579		Ferrous gluconate	-	seems safe in small quantities
585	2	Ferrous Lactate	-	-
620		L-Glutamic acid	-	might cause similar problems as MSG(621), young children should avoid it
621		Monosodium glutamate (MSG) (flavour enhancer)	prepacked meals, snacks, Chinese cooking	NOT SAFE FOR BABIES AND YOUNG CHILDREN. Heart palpitations, Headaches, Dizzyness, Muscle tightening, Nausea, Weakness of the upper arms, Neck pain, Migraine, Hyperactivity, Asthma, Urticaria, Insomnia. As this substance is not suitable for babies under six months we suggest it would be advisable for pregnant and lactating mothers to avoid it also unless/until it is proven safe in these circumstances. Can cause adverse reactions, allergies, aspirin sensitivity, obesity and up to 40% increase in apetite.
622		Monopotassium glutamate	Typical products are low sodium salt substitutes	NOT SAFE FOR BABIES AND YOUNG CHILDREN. Hyperactivity, Asthma, Urticaria, Insomnia, Abdominal cramps, Nausea, Vomiting, Diarrhoea. HARMFUL TO PEOPLE WITH KIDNEY STONES. As this substance is not suitable for babies under six months we suggest it would be advisable for pregnant and lactating mothers to avoid it also unless/until it is proven safe in these circumstances.
623		Calcium glutamate	-	NOT SAFE FOR BABIES . Hyperactivity, Asthma, Urticaria, Insomnia. As this substance is not suitable for babies under six months we suggest it would be advisable for pregnant and lactating mothers to avoid it also unless/until it is proven safe in these circumstances.
624		Monoammonium L-glutamate	-	-
625		Magnesium di-L-glutamate	-	-
627		Disodiumguanylate		NOT SAFE FOR BABIES AND YOUNG CHILDREN. Hyperactivity, Asthma, Urticaria, Insomnia. HARMFUL TO PEOPLE SUFFERING FROM GOUT OR RHEUMATISM. As this substance is not suitable for babies under six months we suggest it would be advisable for pregnant and lactating mothers to avoid it also unless/until it is proven safe in these circumstances.
630	2	Inosinic Acid
631	2	Disodium inosinate	A flavour enhancer, often prepared from meat extract and dried sardines. It can also be a synthetic product made via a microbial synthesis process that begins with a vegetable source.	NOT SAFE FOR BABIES AND YOUNG CHILDREN. Hyperactivity, Asthma, Urticaria, Insomnia. HARMFUL TO PEOPLE SUFFERING FROM GOUT OR RHEUMATISM. As this substance is not suitable for babies under six months we suggest it would be advisable for pregnant and lactating mothers to avoid it also unless/until it is proven safe in these circumstances.
635	2	disodium 5' ribonucleotide (flavour enhancer)	flavoured crisps, instant noodles, party pies	NOT SAFE FOR BABIES AND YOUNG CHILDREN. Hyperactivity, Asthma, Urticaria, Insomnia. HARMFUL TO PEOPLE SUFFERING FROM GOUT OR RHEUMATISM. As this substance is not suitable for babies under six months we suggest it would be advisable for pregnant and lactating mothers to avoid it also unless/until it is proven safe in these circumstances. Not easily broken down by body
636		Maltol	Derived from the bark of larch trees, pine needles, chicory wood, oils and roasted malt; it may be produced synthetically. Artificial sweetener, flavour enhancer used in baked goods to give a 'fresh baked' taste and smell in bread and cakes, chocolate substitute, soft and fizzy drinks, ice cream, jam.	NOT SAFE FOR BABIES. Hyperactivity, Asthma, Urticaria, Insomnia. As this substance is not suitable for babies under six months we suggest it would be advisable for pregnant and lactating mothers to avoid it also unless/until it is proven safe in these circumstances. In large quantities it can help aluminium pass into the brain to cause Alzheimer's disease.
637		Ethyl maltol	Base for essences, synthetic artificial flavour and flavour enhancer	NOT SAFE FOR BABIES. Hyperactivity, Asthma, Urticaria, Insomnia. As this substance is not suitable for babies under six months we suggest it would be advisable for pregnant and lactating mothers to avoid it also unless/until it is proven safe in these circumstances.
640	2	Glycine and its Sodium Salt	Flavour modifier.	Genetically coded amino acid used in dietary supplements. Can be mildly toxic if ingested.
900		Dimethylpoly-siloxane	-	-
901	1	Beeswaxes	-	occasionally causes allergic reactions
903		Carnauba wax	-	occasionally causes allergic reactions
904	1	Shellac	-	occasionally causes irritations of the skin
905		Paraffins	Typical products are dried fruit, confectionary, collagen	May inhibit absorption of fats and fat soluble vitamins, mild laxative, there may be a link to bowel cancer. Anal seepage and irritation.
907		Refined microcrystalline wax	-	not permitted in Australia
920	2	L-cysteine and its hydrochlorides	-	Possible chelation (removal) of minerals.
921	2	L-Cysteine Hydrochloride Monohydrate	Found in flour and bakery products (except wholemeal) where it is used as an improving agent and in chicken stock cubes where it is used as a flavour.	Diabetics should be aware that there are some reports that it may interfere with insulin and there are anecdotal reports that it can react with monosodium glutamate (E621) in individuals who suffer from the so called Chinese restaurant syndrome, a set of symptoms, including headache, burning sensations, dizziness and disorientation.
924		Potassium bromate	Typical products are flour products	Large quantities can cause nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, abdominal pain, Convulsions, Disturbance of Vitamin E.
925		Chlorine	Typical products are flour products	Destroys nutrients, carcinogen, in some areas tap water is contaminated with it, to make it 'safer' to drink. Powerful irritant, Disturbance of Vitamin E.
926		Chlorine dioxide	Typical products are flour products	Destroys nutrients, carcinogen, in some areas tap water is contaminated with it, to make it 'safer' to drink. Powerful irritant, Disturbance of Vitamin E.
927		Azodicarbonamide	-	not permitted in Australia. Hyperactivity, Asthma, Urticaria, Insomnia, Disturbance of Vitamin E.
928		Benzol peroxide	-	asthmatics and people with a history of allergies BEWARE, see 210
931		Nitrogen	-	-
932		Nitrous oxide	-	seems quite safe in small quantities
950		Acesulphane potassium	Used widely as artificial sweetener in low joule gums, drinks, diet foods, etc.	200 times sweeter than sugar, has a bitter after taste. Possible carcinogen in humans, caused cancer in test animals. Suggested that it is worse than Aspartame or Saccharin. Avoid it.
951		Aspartame (sweetener)	artificial sweetener, diet drinks, diabetic confectionery, ice-cream	Avoid this product In 2005, the first such study was released. It found that even low doses of aspartame increased the incidence of lymphomas and leukemias in female rats and also might have caused occasional brain tumors. While the study does not prove with certainty that aspartame is unsafe, it indicates that companies and consumers should avoid using it. Some people have reported dizziness, hallucinations, or headache after drinking diet soda, and one independent study confirmed that aspartame can cause headaches in sensitive individuals. Obviously, anyone who thinks they have been affected by aspartame should avoid it. Also, the few people with the rare disease PKU (phenylketonuria) need to avoid it. Worth a visit to DORway for more information on this chemical. Pregnant women please click here
952		Cyclamic acid	artifical sweetner	known to cause migraines and other reactions, can be carcinogenic, caused damage to rats testicles and mouse embryos in tests. Banned in the US and UK due its links with cancer. Avoid it.
953		isomalt, isomaltitol	artificial sweetner	Suitable for diabetics as it does not have a significant affect on blood glucose or serum insulin levels. Can cause softer than normal stool and intestinal gas. Not permitted in infant foods. Not listed for use in Australia.
954		saccharines	alcohol-free beer, cider, desserts, fruit juice drinks, tinned or bottled fruits, ice cream, jams, jellies, margarine, marmalades, milk drinks, mustard, sauces, soft drinks and sweets, normally with the description 'no added sugar' or 'diet'.	Synthesised from toluene, a colourless inflammable liquid, insoluble in water, derived from petroleum. Toluene is a well-known carcinogen and Saccharin was banned in the USA in 1977, but reinstated subject to strict labelling. It interferes with normal blood coagulation, blood sugar levels and digestive function. Banned in France, Germany, Hungary, Portugal, Spain. Banned as food additive in Malaysia and Zimbabwe. Banned as a beverage additive in Fiji, Israel, Peru, and Taiwan.
954		Sucralose, (trichlorogalactosucrose)	Artificial sweetener 600 times sweeter than sugar.	Found under the brand name of "Splenda". In animal test before being accepted in Australia, they showed detrimental effects to the thalamus glands, liver and kidney enlargement, and renal mineralisation.
956		Alitame	Artificial sweetener 2000 times sweeter than sugar.	Current research suggests that it is safe. Not endorsed for use in the USA.
957		Thaumatin	Artificial sweetener and flour enhancer. A protein derived from the tropical plant Thaumococcus danielli; used to sweeten wines, chewing gum, Japanese cooking, bread and fruit. Has a liquorice after taste.	-
959		Neohesperidine DC	alcohol-free beer, cider, desserts, fruit juice drinks, tinned or bottled fruits, ice cream, jams, jellies, margarine, marmalades, milk drinks, mustard, sauces, soft drinks and sweets, normally with the description 'no added sugar'. Artificial sweetener 340 times sweeter than sugar from grapefruit seed.	Little research on effects but is used in a large range of foods.
965		Hydrogenated glucose syrup	breakfast cereals, chewing gum, cocoa based products, desserts, ice cream, jams, jellies, mustard, sauces and sweets, normally with the description 'no added sugar'.	mild laxative
966	2	Lactitol	breakfast cereals, chewing gum, cocoa based products, desserts, ice cream, jams, jellies, mustard, sauces and sweets, normally with the description 'no added sugar'	Can have a laxative effect and, in large amounts, diarrhoea
967		Xylitol	Humectant, artificial sweetener, stabiliser, bulking agent, sugar substitute. Found in raspberries, plums, lettuce and endives, though produced for commercial purposes from wood pulp. low-joule foods and carbohydrate modified sweets, ice-cream chocolate, and jams	laxative in high concentrations.
999		Quillaia extract	used in the production of foam on non-alcoholic beverages.	Use is banned in a number of countries. Used medically as a stimulating expectorant.
1001		Choline salts and esters	Emulsifier.	Used in the treatment of Autism as it improves brain function and circulation to the brain.
1100	2	Amylase	Flour treatment agent.	Derived from mould mushroom or pig pancreas. No adverse effects have been reported.
1101		Protease's (Papain, bromelain, ficin)	Stabiliser, flavour enhancer, flour treatment agent, meat tenderiser and used in alcoholic beverages.	Some are known to be possible teratogenic in nature.
1102		Glucose oxidase	Anti-oxidant.	Little information known at this time.
1103		Invertase	Derived from honey.	seems safe in small doses
1104		Lipases	Flavour enhancer	-
1105		Lysozyme	Anti-bacterial preservative. Found in human milk and a number of other species.	-
1200		Polydextrose	Humectant and modifying agent in baked foods, modified carbohydrates, confectionary, chocolate, jam, ice cream, low joule foods.	seems safe in small doses. Not to be used for babies or small infants
1201		Polyvinylpyrrolidone	Dispersing agent, colour stabiliser. Coating for tablets; used in artificial sweeteners in low joule foods and chewing gum.	Made from formaldehyde - supposed to be inert and non-toxic. Excess may cause damage to the lungs or kidneys, gas and faecal impaction. Carcinogenic. Avoid it.
1202		Polyvinylpolypyrrolidone	Clarifying agent for wine, beer and vinegar; colour and colloidal stabiliser, almost completely unabsorbed when taken orally. Artificial sweetener .	May cause damage to kidneys and stay in the system for up to a year. Avoid it.
1400		Dextrin roasted starch	Thickener, vegetable gum, foam stabiliser in beer, artificial sweetener base from tapioca or corn.	No known adverse effects, but not fully evaluated for safety. Foods are made more digestible to babies but the chemicals to create may be harmful to them.
1401		Acid treated starch	Thickener, vegetable gum.	No known adverse effects. See 1400.
1402		Alkaline treated starch	Thickener, vegetable gum.	No known adverse effects. See 1400.
1403		Bleached starch	Used in baby food, jelly type sweets, wine gums, batter mixes - wide range off foods.	may be bleached with sulphur dioxide (one of a choice), which is dangerous to asthmatics. Further testing required. See 1400.
1404		Oxidised starch	Thickener, vegetable gum	bleached with possible sulphur dioxide residue, which is dangerous to asthmatics. See 1403. Further testing required. See 1400.
1405		Enzyme treated starch	Thickener, vegetable gum in baby foods.	Occurs naturally in the body. No known adverse effects. See 1400.
1410	&nnbsp	Mono starch phosphate	Thickener, vegetable gum.	No known adverse effects, further testing required. See 1400.
1412		Distarch phosphate	Thickener, vegetable gum used in baby food, carbohydrate modified foods, starch.	Not recommended for infant formulas. No known adverse effects, further testing required. See 1400.
1413		Phosphated distarch phosphate	Prepared for baby foods, frozen foods, refrigerated sweets, soy and other infant formula.	No known adverse effects, further testing required.
1414		Acetylated distarch phosphate	Thickener, vegetable gum for food in cans: thin soups, foods and cereals for young children, soy and other infant formula.	No known adverse effects at low levels, further testing required.
1420		Acetylated starch	Thickener, vegetable gum in iced lollies, confectionary, yoghurts, egg white mix, fruit flavoured fillings.	No known adverse effects, further testing required.
1421		Starch acetate esterfied with vinyl acetate	Thickener, vegetable gum	No known adverse effects.
1422		Acelylated distarch adipate	Thickener, vegetable gum to give improved 'mouth feel' in a wide range of foods such as relishes and pickles, fruit pies and fillings, baby food.	No known adverse effects at low levels, further testing required
1440		Hydroxypropyl starch	Thickener, vegetable gum from potatoes, wheat, maize, rice, barley, or roots like cassava.	No known adverse effects, further testing required.
1442		Hydroxy propyl distarch phosphate	Thickener, vegetable gum in frozen products.	No known adverse effects, further testing required
1450		Starch sodium octenyl succinate	Thickener, vegetable gum where oil and water must mix in salad dressings, drink whiteners, dry drink bases, essences.	No known adverse effects, further testing required
1451		Acetylated oxidised starch	Thickener, vegetable gum.	No known adverse effects, further testing required.
1505		Triethyl acetate or citrate	Whipping aid, thickener, vegetable gum for flavoured and sports drinks, egg white liquid or dried.	Part becomes alcohol in the body.
1510		Ethanol, ethyl alcohol	used in cough medicines, perfumes, mouth wash, antiseptic, hairspray as an additive carrier not listed except in alcoholic drinks.	Alcohol. Not permitted in foods in Australia, Suspected neurotoxic hazard, danger to persons with candida and allergies.
1517		Glycerol diacetate	-	May cause headaches, nausea, vomiting, dehydration, diarrhoea, thirst, dizziness and mental confusion.
1518	2	Glycerol Mono-, Di- and Tri-Acetate or Tracetin	Binder for solid rocket fuels. Fungicide, humectant and solvent derived from glycerol; used to coat fresh fruit in the US, essences, cigarette filters.	-
1520		Propylene glycol	maintains the desired texture in dairy products, canned frosting, and other factory-made foods, thickens acidic foods (soda pop, salad dressing) and can stabilize the foam in beer.	Total recall of all medications in USA (if you still have some old ones, throw them out!) and has been linked with fatal heart attacks (when given intravenously), central nervous system depression and cosmetic or pharmaceutical contact dermatitis. Suspected as a neurotoxic hazard. Material Data Safety Sheets recommend not have dermal contact, wear rubber gloves.
1521		Polyethylene glycerol 8000	Artificial sweetener, anti-foaming agent.	Known to cause renal failure in burns victims.

1 - food additive derived from animal products
2 - food additives that may be derived from animal products - for more information you will need to contact the manufacturer.
3 - possibly genetically modified

Further reading list:
http://www.bryngollie.freeserve.co.uk/Enumbers.htm
http://www.fedupwithfoodadditives.info/
http://society.guardian.co.uk/health/news/0,8363,1671820,00.html
http://www.drsref.com.au/foodaddcodes.html
http://topcat.iit.bme.hu/~joker/eec/2_eng.html
http://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/bhcv2/bhcarticles.nsf/pages/Food_additives?OpenDocument
http://nac.allergyforum.com/additives/
http://www.lactose.co.uk/milkallergy/foodadditives100.html
http://www.wholefoods.com/healthinfo/nisin.html
http://www.foresight-preconception.org.uk/books/FIND%20OUT.html
http://www.bryngollie.freeserve.co.uk/Enumbers.htm