Chapter 34

A. Mitchell Palmer- 1910’s-1920’s, Attorney General Palmer who perhaps “saw red” to easily rounded up possible socialist suspects. Palmer was dubbed the Fighting Quaker when he successfully round up nearly 6 thousand suspects. Palmer’s house was bombed, and reduced his ambitions to further persecute the questionable.

Al Capone- 1920’s, Chicago gangster who became the FBI’s Public Enemy Number One as began six years of murderous gangster warfare to eliminate competitors of the bootlegging business. Capone brought about a new age of gangsterism that came from prohibition.

Henry Ford- 1920’s-1940’s, a wealthy businessman who through Mellon’s contributions of cheaper energy set about creating and operating an automobile factory in his famed Rouge River plant near Detroit. Ford provided Americans with the first affordable car known as the model T, and brought American society into a automobile love affair.

Ernest Hemingway- fought in Italy in 1917. He later became a famous author who wrote "The Sun Also Rises" (about American expatriates in Europe) and "A Farewell to Arms." In the 1920's he became upset with the idealism of America versus the realism he saw in World War I. He was very distraught, and in 1961 he shot himself.

Andrew Mellon- 1920’s, Treasury Secretary who favored the rapid expansion of capital investment into ingenious industrial machines powered by cheaper energy from newly tapped oil fields. Mellon became a founding father for the money that would begin Henry Ford’s business in the automobile industry.

H. L. Mencken- a patron to many young writers in the 1920s. He criticized many subjects like the middle class, democracy, marrige and patriotism in his monthly American Mercury.

F. Scott Fitzgerald- 1920s, belonged to the Lost Generation of Writers. He wrote the famous novel "The Great Gatsby" which explored the glamour and cruelty of an achievement-oriented society.

Clarence Darrow- 1920s, famed criminal defense lawyer for Scopes, who supported evolution. He caused William Jennings Bryan to appear foolish when Darrow questioned Bryan about the Bible.

Sigmund Freud- Viennese physician that believed sexual repression was responsible for a variety of nervous and emotional diseases. He argued that health demanded sexual gratification and liberation. His writings seemed to justify the new sexual frankness of the 1920s.

John Dewey- 1920’s, professor at Columbia University who emphasized a new philosophy in learning and education in America, known as “learning by doing.” He taught that this formed a stronger foundation for students once they moved into the real world. Dewey’s efforts were noted during the rapid progression in education at this time.

John T. Scopes- 1925, a likable high-school biology teacher who educated his students about darwinism and the “big bang theory” of the genesis of life. Scopes was brought to the “monkey trial” in Tennessee by radical Fundamentalists who considered it illegal for Scopes to teach his theories. The case represented the strong opposement between Fundamentalists and scientific advancement.

Margaret Sanger- 1920’s-1930’s, founder of planned parenthood, also went to great lengths to educate women about the tribulations of giving birth and their reproductive systems. Sanger often sent diagrams to thousands of women describing the female reproductive organs, and how constant pregnation could be quite harmful to a woman.

nativist- 1910’s-1920’s, group of people who believed in the superiority of the fair-haired white Anglo-Saxon American. nativists were opposed to any type of immigration, and supported the Emergency Quota and Immigration Quota acts.

progressive education- 1920s idea by John Dewey. It was more “permissive” than current education, and focused on creating pupils with “education for life.” These schools wanted to create socially useful adults.

buying on margin- 1920’s, with the blossom of the stock market, many beginners began to pay for their stock with only 10% down, and then they would later sell the stock with the usual 100% down. Due to this abuse of the system, buying on margin and other “get rich quick” schemes of stock market reapers led to the eventual crash in 1929.

red scare- 1919-1920, result of a fear from communism in the U.S., and the growing dominance of Russia, and the Bolsheviks that had begun to enter the United States. The scare led to a nation-wide crusade against left-wingers who were questioned at being truly American. Led to nativism in the U.S.

Sacco and Vanzetti case- 1921, case that reflected the antiforeignism and antiredism of the American people during this time period, both Nicola Sacco and Bartolomeo Vanzetti were found guilty of a murder in Massachusetts. Even though the judge and jury were probably extremely prejudice against the two, the case was still symbolic of these nativist policies.

Ku Klux Klan- 1920’s, racial hate group that experienced a new revival in the 1920’s. The KKK more closely resembled the antiforeignism policies of the time, acting out their extremely prejudice policies toward Catholic, Jewish, black, pacifists, bootleggers, Communists, internationalists, evolutionists, and anti-birth control.

Emergency Quota Act- 1921, act that set new standards for immigrants trying to enter the nation, new comers from Europe were restricted in any given year to a definite quota, which was set at 3 percent of the people of their nationality. The quota act diminished the amounts of European immigration.

Immigration Quota Act- 1920’s policy that continued to cut down the amount of foreign immigration into the U.S. The act slammed the door before many Japanese immigrants, and spawned many Hate America rallies in Japan.

Volstead Act- act implemented the 18th Admendment. It established the illegal alcohol limit at above .5% BAC.

Fundamentalism- 1920’s, a belief in the literal interpretation of the Bible. Fundamentalists opposed Scopes’ darwinism, and Bolshevik proletarianism during this time. This belief became a hindrance for the rapid scientific progress made at this time as well.

Modernists- 1920s, people who believed that God was a "good guy" and the universe a pretty chummy place; these were the people who believed in God but were also able to except evolution and modern science.

flappers- the dynamic 1920s revealed women notorious for their risky attire and dance styles. Referred to as "wild abandons," these women exemplified the new sexually frank generation.

Florida Land Boom- 1925, real estate speculation craze where underwater lots were sold to purchasers for high prices. This collapsed when a huge hurricane devastated the peninsula. Illustrated the “something for nothing” craze that would lead to the failing of the banks.