Cell Structure Practice Test NAME:

1. The fundamental unit of life is the ______.

A. organism. B. organ system. C. organ. D. tissue. E. cell.

2. True or False. Multicellular organisms are composed of many cells.

3. True or False. The cell theory states that all living things are composed of atoms.

4. Which type of microscope uses electrons to provide a three-dimensional view of the surface of the object?

A. light microscope B. transmission electron microscope C. scanning electron microscope

D. scanning-probe microscope E. dissecting microscope

5. Which type of microscope has a useful magnification of about x 1,000?

A. light microscope B. transmission electron microscope C. scanning electron microscope

D. scanning-probe microscope E. dissecting microscope

6. ______ is the capacity to distinguish between two adjacent points.

A. Magnification B. Resolving power C. Ionization D. Emulsification E. Multiplication

7. True or False. Electrons have a shorter wavelength than visible light and, therefore, will have a lower resolving power.

8. True or False. A picture taken by a scanning electron microscope is called a SEM.

9. A TEM refers to a photomicrograph taken by a ______.

A. light microscope B. dissecting microscope C. scanning electron microscope

D. transmission electron microscope

10. Which of the following statements is false?

A. Cell walls are found in plants but not in animals.

B. Cell walls are found inside the plasma membrane of a cell.

C. The main constituent of a primary cell wall is cellulose molecules.

D. The middle lamella found between two cell walls contains pectin.

E. Secondary cell walls contain lignin, a substance that makes them stronger than primary cell walls.

11. Which of the following organelles have a double membrane with pores?

A. lysosome B. Golgi apparatus C. mitochondria D. nucleus

12. The control center of the cell is the ______.

A. mitochondria B. chloroplast C. nucleoli D. nucleus E. lysosome

13. A threadlike material called chromatin is located within the ______.

A. nucleus B. nucleolus C. mitochondria D. lysosome E. Golgi apparatus

14. Where is ribosomal RNA produced?

A. mitochondria B. chloroplasts C. lysosomes D. Golgi apparatus E. nucleoli

15. ______ is (are) the site of protein synthesis in the cytoplasm.

A. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum B. Golgi apparatus C. Ribosomes D. Lysosomes

E. Mitochondria

16. True or False. Ribosomes are small, dense granules composed of three subunits.

17. True or False. Polyribosomes are functional groups of ribosomes making the same type of protein.

18. The ______ membrane separates the contents of the cell from the surrounding environment.

A. cell B. nuclear C. Golgi D. mitochondrial E. lysosomal

19. Which type of organelle forms a membranous system of tubular canals, which is continuous with the nuclear envelope and branches throughout the cytoplasm?

A. lysosome B. mitochondria C. Golgi apparatus D. endoplasmic reticulum E. microtubules

21. Which organelle will produce steroid hormones in the testes and adrenal cortex while detoxifying alcohol in the liver?

A. lysosomes B. ribosomes C. smooth endoplasmic reticulum

D. rough endoplasmic reticulum E. Golgi apparatus

22. Which organelle contains enzymes capable of detoxifying drugs?

A. lysosomes B. peroxisomes C. Golgi apparatus D. mitochondria

E. rough endoplasmic reticulum

23. Which organelle makes protein for export?

A. smooth endoplasmic reticulum B. rough endoplasmic reticulum

C. free ribosomes D. lysosomes E. Golgi apparatus

24. What is the correct organelle sequence for the export of material out of a cell?

A. rough ER --> smooth ER --> Golgi apparatus

B. smooth ER --> rough ER --> Golgi apparatus

C. rough ER --> Golgi apparatus --> smooth ER

D. smooth ER --> Golgi apparatus --> rough ER

E. Golgi apparatus --> rough ER --> smooth ER

25. Which organelle looks like a stack of hollow pancakes?

A. lysosomes B. mitochondria C. Golgi apparatus D. rough endoplasmic reticulum

26. The ______ functions in the packaging, storage, and distribution of molecules produced by the ER.

A. Golgi apparatus B. lysosome C. nucleus D. mitochondria E. centrioles

27. Which plant organelles function as storage areas for water, sugars, salts, pigments, and toxic substances?

A. lysosomes B. vesicles C. vacuoles D. Golgi apparatuses E. mitochondria

28. Which plant organelle will provide added support to the cell?

A. vacuole B. vesicle C. chloroplast D. lysosomes E. Golgi apparatus

29. Lysosomes are vesicles formed by the ______.

A. endoplasmic reticulum B. nucleus C. mitochondria D. ribosomes E. Golgi apparatus

30. Which organelle contains hydrolytic enzymes that can digest macromolecules?

A. rough endoplasmic reticulum B. mitochondria C. centrioles D. lysosomes

E. Golgi apparatus

31. Mitochondria can be digested within the cell by ______.

A. lysosomes B. the Golgi apparatus C. smooth endoplasmic reticulum

D. ribosomes E. centrioles

32. Which organelle is used when the fingers of a human embryo are at first webbed but later freed from one another?

A. rough ER B. microtubules C. Golgi apparatus D. mitochondria E. lysosome

33. True or False. Vacuoles are more prominent in plant cells than in animal cells.

34. True or False. A vesicle is a large membrane-enclosed sac; a vacuole a small membrane-enclosed sac.

35. True or False. The inner face of the Golgi apparatus is directed toward the nucleus and receives incoming molecules for export.

36. Which of the following is an energy-related organelle?

A. Golgi apparatus B. centriole C. lysosome D. nucleolus E. mitochondrion

37. Cristae are structures found in the ______.

A. Golgi apparatus B. chloroplast C. mitochondria D. lysosome E. centriole

38. Which organelle is often called the powerhouse of the cell?

A. chloroplast B. mitochondria C. Golgi apparatus D. lysosome E. actin fiber

39. Study this reaction: carbohydrate + oxygen ----> carbon dioxide + water + energy. This chemical transformation is called ______.

A. photosynthesis B. aerobic cellular respiration C. anaerobic cellular respiration

D. hydrolysis E. the endosymbiotic theory

40. The fluid-filled space that surrounds the cristae within a mitochondrion is called a ______.

A. thylakoid B. stroma C. matrix D. grana E. vacuole

41. Which of the following comparisons is NOT correct? Both plant and animal cells have ______.

A. plasma membranes B. nuclear membranes C. mitochondria D. chloroplasts E. vacuoles

42. Which of the following is NOT correctly paired?

A. rough endoplasmic reticulum--protein synthesis

B. smooth endoplasmic reticulum--lipid synthesis

C. Golgi apparatus--processing, packaging, secretion

D. lysosome--production of ATP

E. nucleus--cellular reproduction

43. Which of the following comparisons is NOT correct?

A. chromosome--DNA B. cell wall--cellulose C. middle lamellae--lignin

D. microtubules--tubulin E. centrioles--microtubules

44. Which of the following comparisons is NOT correct?

A. plasma membrane--phospholipid bilayer and protein B. centrioles--microtubules

C. ribosomes--protein and DNA D. chromatin--DNA E. chloroplasts--chlorophyll

45. Which of the following is NOT correctly paired?

A. nucleus--control of protein synthesis B. nucleolus--protein synthesis

C. mitochondrion--aerobic cellular respiration D. chloroplast--photosynthesis

E. centriole--microtubule organization

46. Which of the following is NOT correctly paired?

A. mitochondrion--cristae B. centriole--9 + 0 pattern of microtubules

C. cilia--9 + 2 pattern of microtubules D. lysosome--stack of membranous saccules

47. Which of the following is NOT correctly paired?

A. lysosome--energy-converting organelle

B. smooth endoplasmic reticulum--membranous canals

C. chloroplast--energy-converting organelle

D. actin filaments--cytoskeleton

E. ribosome--granulelike organelle