Basic Colour Genetics
Here are some of the basic mateings to get started to understand how it starts
to form.We will only deal with a couple of colours to make it easy for the new breeder.
This will deal with the Lineolated and can also be applied to the budgie.
Colours....The colour of the bird is also determined with a pair of alleles. The blue series of birds is the result of a recessive colour gene. In order for a
bird to appear blue, it must have two alleles for the colour. A bird with one or no alleles for colour will appear green. Using C for the colour
allele, a bird with cc, Cc or cC would appear green, while a bird with CC would be blue.
The shade of colour is controlled with another gene, those birds with no alleles for the colour modification will be light green or sky blue,
those with one allele will be cobalt or laurel, and those with two alleles will be mauve or olive.
Sex Linked Varieties...The chromosomes that are used in determining the sex of an organism are called the X and Y chromosomes. The X chromosome is similar
to other chromosomes and carries genetic information, however, the Y chromosome is smaller and almost devoid of information. In
budgerigars the male has two X chromosomes and is represented by XX, while the female has one of each chromosome and is represented
by XY. The varieties Ino and Cinnamon are determined by alleles on the X chromosome. In the male bird, the varieties
function like a recessive variety. In the female bird, the Y chromosome has no matching allele for the variety, so the female is determined by
the one X chromosome. If an allele is present then the variety will manifest, if it is not present then the bird will be normal.
The five possible pairings with the Sex-Linkage Theory are, using the following abbreviations:
SL for Sex-Linked
NL for Non Sex-Linked
NL/SL for Non Sex-Linked/Sex-Linked
Pairings with Sex-Linkage Theory
Pairing Expectations
SL cock × SL hen=
50% SL cocks
50% SL hens
SL cock × NL hen=
50% NL/SL cocks
50% SL hens
NL cock × SL hen=
50% NL/SL cocks
50% NL hens
NL/SL cock × SL hen=
25% SL cocks
25% NL/SL cocks
25% SL hens
25% NL hens
NL/SL cock × NL hen=
25% NL cocks
25% NL/SL cocks
25% SL Hens
25% NL hens
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Basic Colour Factors
No Dark Factor One Dark Factor Two Dark Factors
(Light Factor) (MediumFactor) (Dark Factor)
GREEN
Light Green
Dark Green
Olive
BLUE
Blue(sky)
Cobalt
Mauve
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The production of any of the recessive characters act as a simple "autosomal recessive gene"and the rules of their reproduction are as follows
Expectations - Recessive Pairings
(Sudstitute Green for normal and blue for recessive)
Normal × Recessive=
100% Normal/Recessive
Normal/Recesive x Recessive=
50% Normal/Recessive
50% Recessive
Recessive × Recessive=
100% Recessive
Normal/Recessive × Normal=
50% Normal/Recessive
25% Normal
50%Normal/Recessive
50%Normal
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From the chart above, it can be seen that there is really no advantage in the mateing of #4.There is a lot of waste from these
pairings and also it is not possible to distinguish the split recessive from the normals so it would slow down a breeders progress
if he were trying tom develope a colour or a particular split.
A Look At A Couple Of Basic Mateings
Green Male x Blue Hen:
All offspring Green Split/Blue
Blue Male x Green Hen All Green/Blue
Green Male x Green/Blue Hen:
All offspring Green ?Split/Blue
Green/Blue Male x Green Hen
All offspring Green ?Split/Blue
These are the basic and are easy to follow,but what if we add in Cinnamon to the greens
and blues?(And There is Cinnamons being developed today)Well now this is a new story and it is what makes breeding the interesting part of the
hobby.If you know the back ground of your birds you can set them up to produce the
colours you like.If you don't know the the history of the birds than it is a surprize sometimes what you get.
Basic Cinnamon
Green Male x Cinnamon Hen:
All female offspring Normal Green
100% of male offspring Green/Cinn.
Blue Male x Cinnamon Hen
All female offspring Blue
100% of male offspring Blue/Cinn.
Now For A mix Of All Three Colours And There Possibilities
Split/Cinnamon Male x Normal Hen:
50% of female offspring will be Visual Cinnamon
50% of female offspring will be Normal Green
50% of male offspring will be Split/Cinnamon (no visual determination)
50% of male offspring will be Normal Green (no visual determination)
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Split/Cinnamon Male x Split/Blue Female:
50% of the female offspring will be Visual Cinnamon possibly Split/Blue
50% of the female offspring will be Visual Green Possibly Split/Blue
50% of the Male offspring will be Split/Cinnamon/?Split?/Blue (no visual determination)
50% of the male offspring will be Normal Green possibly Split/Blue (no visual determin.)
25% of the all the offspring will be Split/Blue (no visual determination)
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Split/Cinnamon Male x Blue Female:
50% of the female offspring will be Visual Cinnamon Split/Blue
50% of the female offspring will be Green Split/Blue
50% of the male offspring will be Green Split/Cinnamon/Blue (no visual determination)
50% of the male offspring will be Green Split/Blue (no visual determination)
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Split/Cinnamon Male x Cinnamon Hen:
50% of the female offspring will be visual Cinnamon
50% of the female offspring will be Green
50% of the male offspring will be visual Cinnamon
50% of the male offspring will be Green Split/Cinnamon
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Split/Cinnamon Male x Cinnamon Hen Split/Blue:
50% of the female offspring will be visual Cinnamon ?Split/Blue
50% of the female offspring will be Green ?Split/Blue (no visual determination)
50% of the male offspring will be visual Cinnamon ?Split/Blue
50% of the male offspring will be visual Cinnamon ?Split/Blue
25% of all chicks will be Split/Blue
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Split/Cinnamon Male x Cinnamon Blue Hen:
50% of all the female offspring will be Visual Cinnamon Split/Blue
50% of all female offspring will be Green Split/Blue
50% of all male offspring will be Cinnamon Split/Blue
50% of all male offspring will be Split/Cinnamon/Blue
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Greens
Visual Green Male Split to Blue x Cinnamon Hen
Cock % 25 - Geen split to Blue And Cinnamon
Cock % 25 - Green split to Cinnamon
Hen % 25 - Green split to Blue
Hen % 25 - Green
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Visual Green Male Split to Blue and Cinnamon Blue Hen
Cock % 25 - Blue split to Cinnamon
Cock % 25 - Green split to Blue And Cinnamon
Hen % 25 - Blue
Hen % 25 - Green split to Blue
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Visual Green Male/BluexCinnamon Hen/Blue
Cock % 12.5 - Blue split to Cinnamon
Cock % 25 - Green split to Blue And Cinnamon
Cock % 12.5 - Green split to Cinnamon
Hen % 12.5 - Blue
Hen % 25 - Green split to Blue
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Visual Green Male/BluexCinnamon x Green Hen
12.5% Males Visual Green Split to Cinnamon & Blue
12.5% Males Visual Green Split to Cinnamon
12.5% Males Visual Green Split to Blue
12.5% Males Visual Normal Green
12.5% Females Visual Cinnamon Split to Blue
12.5% Females Visual Cinnamon
12.5% Females Visual Green Split to Blue
12.5% Females Visual Green Normals
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Visual Green Split/Cinnamon/Blue Male x Green Split/Blue Hen
6.25% Males Visual Blue Split to Cinnamon
6.25% Males Visual Green Split to Blue & Cinnamon
6.25% Males Visual Green Split to Cinnamon
6.25% Males Blue
12.5% Males Visual Green Split to Blue
6.25% Males Visual Green Normals
6.25% Females Visual Cinnamon Blue
6.25% Females Visual Cinnamon Split to Blue
6.25% Females Visual Cinnamon
6.25% Females Visual Blue
12.5% Visual Green Split to Blue
6.25% Visual Green Normals
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Visual Green Split/Cinnamon/Blue Male x Blue Hen:
12.5% Males Visual Blue Split to Cinnamon
12.5% Males Visual Green Split to Cinnamon & Blue
12.5% Males Visual Blue
12.5% Males Visual Green Split to Blue
12.5% Females Visual Cinnamon Blue
12.5% Females Visual Cinnamon Split to Blue
12.5% Females Visual Blue
12.5% Females Visual Green Split to Blue
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Visual Green Male Split to Blue & Cinnamon x Cinnamon Hen
12.5% Males Visual Cinnamon Split to Blue
12.5% Males Visual Cinnamon
12.5% Males Visual Green Split to Cinnamon & Blue
12.5% Males Visual Green Split to Cinnamon
12.5% Females Visual Cinnamon Split to Blue
12.5% Females Visual Cinnamon
12.5% Females Visual Green Split to Blue
12.5% Females Visual Green Normal
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Split/Cinn/Blue Male x Visual Cinnamon Hen/Split Blue:
6.25% Males Visual Cinnamon Blues
12.5% Males Visual Cinnamon Split to Blue
6.25% Males Visual Cinnamon
6.25% Males Visual Blue Split to Cinnamon
12.5% Males Visual Green Split to Blue & Cinnamon
6.25% Males Visual Green Split to Cinnamon
6.25% Females Visual Cinnamon Blue
12.5% Females Visual Cinnamon Split to Blue
6.25% Females Visual Cinnamon
6.25% Females Visual Blue
12.5% Females Visual Green Split to Blue
6.25% Females Visual Green Normal
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Visual Green Male Split to Blue and Cinnamon x Visual Cinnamon Blue Hen
12.5% Males Visual Cinnamon Blue
12.5% Males Visual Cinnamon Split to Blue
12.5% Males Visual Blue Split to Cinnamon
12.5% Males Visual Green Split to Blue & Cinnamon
12.5% Females Visual Cinnamon Blue
12.5% Females Visual Cinnamon Split to Blue
12.5% Females Visual Blue
12.5% Females Visual Green Split to Blue
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Visual Blue Male x Cinnamon Green Hen
Cock % 50 - Green split to Blue And Cinnamon
Hen % 50 - Green split to Blue
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Visual Blue Male x Cinnamon Green Hen/Blue
Cock % 25 - Blue split to Cinnamon
Cock % 25 - Green split to Blue And Cinnamon
Hen % 25 - Blue
Hen % 25 - Green split to Blue
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Visual Blue Male Split/Cinnamon x Green Hen
25% Males Visual Green Split to Cinnamon and to Blue
25% Males Visual Green Split to Blue
25% Females Visual Cinnamon Split to Blue
25% Females Visual Green Split to Blue
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Visual Blue Male Split/Cinnamon x Visual Green Hen Split/Blue
12.5% Males Visual Blue Split to Cinnamon
12.5% Males Visual Green Split to Cinnamon and to Blue
12.5% Males Visual Blue
12.5% Males Visual Green Split to Blue
12.5% Females Visual Cinnamon Blue
12.5% Females Visual Cinnamon Split to Blue
12.5% Blue
12.5% Visual Green Split to Blue
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Visual Blue Male Split/Cinnamon x Blue Hen
25% Males Visual Blue Split/Cinnamon
25% Males Visual Blue
25% Females Visual Cinnamon Blue
25% Females Visual Blue
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Visual Blue Male Split/Cinnamon x Visual Cinnamon Hen
25% Males Visual Cinnamon Split/Blue
25% Males Visual Green Split to Cinnamon and Blue
25% Females Visual Cinnamon Split/Blue
25% Females Visual Green Split /Blue
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Visual Blue Male Split/Cinnamon x Visual Cinnamon Hen Split/Blue
12.5% Males Visual Cinnamon Blue
12.5% Males Visual Cinnamon Split/Blue
12.5% Males Visual Blue Split/Cinnamon
12.5% Males Visual Green Split to Cinnamon & Blue
12.5% Females Visual Cinnamon Blues
12.5% Females Visual Cinnamon Split to Fallow
12.5% Females Visual Blue
12.5% Females Visual Green Split to Blue
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Visual Blue Male Split/Cinnamon x Visual Cinnamon Blue Hen
25% Males Visual Cinnamon Blue
25% Males Visual Blue Split/Cinnamon
25% Females Visual Cinnamon Blue
25% Females Visual Blue
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Cinnamon
Visual Cinnamon Male x Normal Hen
100% of female offspring will be visual Cinnamon
100% of male offspring will be Green Split/Cinnamon
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sual Cinnamon Male x Split/Blue Female
100% of the female offspring will be Visual Cinnamon ?Split/Blue
100% of the male offspring will be Split/Cinnamon ?Split/Blue
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Visual Cinnamon Male x Blue Female:
100% of the female offspring will be Visual Cinnamon Split/Blue
100% of the male offspring will be Split/Cinnamon/Blue
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Visual Cinnamon Male x Cinnamon Female
100% of the offspring will be Visual Cinnamon
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Visual Cinnamon Male x Cinnamon Hen Split/Blue
100% of the offspring will be Visual Cinnamon ?Split/Blue
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Visual Cinnamon Male x Cinnamon Blue Hen
100% of the offspring will be Visual Cinnamon Split/Blue
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Visual Cinnamon Male Split to Blue x Normal Hen
Cock % 25 - Green split to Cinnamon Blue
Cock % 25 - Green split to Cinnamon
Hen % 25 - Cinnamon split to Blue
Hen % 25 - Cinnamon
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Visual Cinnamon Male Split to Blue x Split/Blue Hen
Cock % 12.5 - Blue split to Cinnamon
Cock % 25 - Green split to Cinnamon Blue
Cock % 12.5 - Green split to Cinnamon
Hen % 12.5 - Cinnamon Blue
Hen % 25 - Cinnamon split to Blue
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Visual Cinnamon Male Split to Blue x Blue Hen
Cock % 25 - Blue split to Cinnamon
Cock % 25 - Green split to Cinnamon Blue
Hen % 25 - Cinnamon Blue
Hen % 25 - Cinnamon split to Blue
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Visual Cinnamon Male Split to Blue x Cinnamon Hen
Cock % 25 - Cinnamon split to Blue
Cock % 25 - Cinnamon
Hen % 25 - Cinnamon split to Blue
Hen % 25 - Cinnamon
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Visual Cinnamon Male Split to Blue x Cinnamon Hen Split to Blue
Cock % 12.5 Cinnamon Blue
Cock % 25 Cinnamon split to Blue
Cock % 12.5 Cinnamon
Hen % 12.5 Cinnamon Blue
Hen % 25 Cinnamon split to Blue
Hen % 12.5 Cinnamon
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Visual Cinnamon Male Split to Blue x Cinnamon Blue Hen
Cock % 25 - Cinnamon Blue
Cock % 25 - Cinnamon split to Blue
Hen % 25 - Cinnamon Blue
Hen % 25 - Cinnamon split to Blue
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Visual Cinnamon Blue Male x Cinnamon Hen Split to Blue
Cock % 25 - Cinnamon Blue
Cock % 25 - Cinnamon split to Blue
Hen % 25 - Cinnamon Blue
Hen % 25 - Cinnamon split to Blue
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Visual Cinnamon Blue Male x Normal Hen:
100% of the female offspring will be Visual Cinnamon Split/Blue
100% of the male offspring will be Split/Cinn/Blue
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Visual Cinnamon Blue Male x Green Split/Blue Hen:
The female offspring will be Visual Cinnamon Split/Blue or Cinnamon Blu
The male offspring can be Green or Blue, and have a 50% chance of being Split to Cinnamon
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Visual Cinnamon Blue Male x Blue Hen
The female offspring will be Cinnamon Blue
The male offspring will be Blue Split/Cinnamon
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Visual Cinnamon Blue Male x Cinnamon Hen
All the offspring will be Visual Cinnamon Split/Blue
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Visual Cinnamon Blue Male x Cinnamon Hen Split/Blue
All offspring either visual Cinnamon or Visual Cinnamon Blue
All offspring ? Split/Blue
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Visual Blue Male x Cinnamon Blue Hen
Cock % 50 - Blue split to Cinnamon
Hen % 50 - Blue
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Visual Cinnamon Blue Male x Visual Cinnamon Blue Hen:
All offspring Visual Cinnamon Blues
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There are so many people that like the Cobals And Violets
I have decided to include this also in a different format.
Violet Breeding
| VARIETY |
Violet Mauve |
Mauve |
Violet |
Cobalt |
Violet Sky |
Sky |
| Sky |
Cobalt
Violet |
Cobalt
|
Sky
V. Sky
Cobalt
Violet |
Sky
Cobalt
|
Sky
V. Sky
|
Sky
|
| Violet Sky |
Cobalt
Violet |
Cobalt
Violet |
Sky
V. Sky
Cobalt
Violet |
Sky
V. Sky
Cobalt
Violet |
Sky
V. Sky
|
|
| Cobalt |
Cobalt
Violet
Mauve
V. Mauve |
Cobalt
Mauve
|
Sky
V. Sky
Cobalt
Violet
Mauve
V. Mauve |
Sky
Cobalt
Mauve
|
|
|
| Violet |
Cobalt
Violet
Mauve
V. Mauve |
Cobalt
Violet
Mauve
V. Mauve |
Sky
V. Sky
Cobalt
Violet
Mauve
V. Mauve |
|
|
|
| Mauve |
Mauve
V. Mauve |
Mauve
|
|
|
|
|
| Violet Mauve |
Mauve
V. Mauve |
|
|
|
|
|
| VARIETY |
Violet Mauve |
Mauve |
Violet |
Cobalt |
Violet Sky |
Sky |
Lutino&Albino(Creamino)Mateings
Breeding Expectations
Pairings
Expectations
Lutino cock × Lutino hen.......
Lutino cocks
Lutino hen Lutino cock × Normal hen.......
Normal/split Lutino cocks
Lutino hens
Normal/split Lutino cock × Lutino hen.......
Lutino cocks
Normal/split Lutino cocks
Lutino hens
Normal hens Normal/split Lutino cock × Normal hen....
Normal/split Lutino cocks
Normal cocks
Lutino hens
Normal hens Normal cock × Lutino hen....................
Normal/split Lutino cocks
Normal hens
Note In this example the word Normal means Green or any non ino
Budgies... For Albino... substitute Blue for Normal and Albino for Lutino
Lineolateds...For Creamino... substitute Blue for Normal and Creamino for Lutino
Note: Because the blue in Lineolateds is not a true blue but rather a par blue it is not
yet possible to breed an albino.When the true blue is developed then we be able to see a true albino form.
I stand to be corrected if you find any mistakes in this list,and there may also be a repeat or so.
Can you imagin now if we added the ineo factor into this? WOW!
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