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Construction deterioration & building durability glossary


Article & glossary hosted by A. Sebastian Engineering and Investigation Services


lateral
Small irrigation canal.

lateral movement
Horizontal movement of a structure or part of it, earth, etc.

lateral support
Vertical or horizontal means of bracing walls by columns, pilasters, cross walls, beams, floors, roofs, etc.

lead
1. Soft and heavy metallic element used since Roman times.
2. Short, insulated electrical conductor
3. The section of masonry wall built up as a guide for laying the balance of the wall. A line is attached to leads as a guide for constructing a wall between them.
4. Hanging (usually vertical) guide beam that aligns the hammer and the pile
5. The distance a screw thread advances in one complete turn

life cycle
All the phases through which an item passes from the time it is initially developed until the time it is either deemed unserviceable in its current state and use or disposed of as being excess to all known materiel requirements.

life- cycle costing (LCC)
All phases through which an item passes from the time it is initially developed until it is either deemed unserviceable in its current state and use or disposed as being excess.

lime
1. Various classes of calcium oxide alone or in combinations with magnesium oxide, containing impurities such as silica, iron, aluminum oxide, etc. This lime is industrially produced by obtained by calcining forms of calcium carbonate (as shells or limestone), with the final product a white caustic lumpy powder which is used as an industrial alkali, construction materials (such as plasticizers for mortar or plaster), etc. Also known as quicklime or unslaked lime
2. Quicklime to which sufficient water has been added as to convert the oxides to hydroxides, primarily to calcium hydroxide, a white crystalline strong alkali, Ca(OH)2, that is used especially to make mortar and plaster and to soften water

lime, hydrated
Quicklime to which sufficient water has been added as to convert the oxides to hydroxides. This reaction, called slaking, develops sufficient heat to bring the entire semifluid mass to a boil.

lime putty
The plastic material resulting after the lime hydration process stops and the semi-fluid mass cools off. In t his form the hydrated lime is ready to be added to masonry mortar mixes (as a plasticizer) or can be used by itself as either base- or finish-coat plaster, especially in historical restorations.

LIMESTONE
Limestone's are sedimentary rocks consisting mainly of calcite (calcium carbonate) and/or dolomite (calcium magnesium carbonate), They are usually formed from fragments of shell, coral and other marine organisms, Some finely grained and compact limestones - for example, oolite - are created from chemical precipitates. Sometimes called greystone, limestones were popular for building because they combined relatively easy workability with good weather resistance, Sulfur oxides in today's acid rain converts limestone to friable gypsum, however

Lintel
Beam placed over an opening in a wall.


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