A group of two
or more people working together in a predetermined fashion to
achieve a common set of goals.
A fixed
pattern of (1) positions within an organization and (2)
relationships among those positions.
A diagram that
represents the positions and relationships within an
organization.
The line of
authority that extends from the highest to the lowest levels of
an organization.
The separation
of all organizational activities into distinct tasks and the
assignment of different tasks to different people.
The systematic
shifting of employees from one job to another.
Giving a
worker more things to do within the same job.
Providing
workers with both more tasks to do and more control over how
they do their work.
The process of
grouping jobs into manageable units according to some reasonable
scheme.
The scheme or
criterion by which jobs are grouped into units.
The grouping
together of all jobs that relate to the same organizational
activity.
The grouping
together of all activities related to a particular product or
product group.
The grouping
together of all activities according to the geographic area in
which they are performed.
The grouping
together of all activities according to the needs of the various
customer groups.
The assigning
of part of a manager's work and power to a subordinate.
The duty to do
a job or perform a task.
The power,
within the organization, to accomplish an assigned job or task.
The obligation
of a subordinate to accomplish an assigned job or task.
An
organization in which management consciously attempts to spread
authority widely in the lower levels of the organization.
An
organization that systematically works to concentrate authority
at the upper levels of the organization.
The number of
subordinates who report directly to one manager.
The number of
layers, or levels, of management in a firm.
A position
that is part of the chain of command and that includes direct
responsibility for achieving the goals of the organization.
A position
created to provide support, advice, and expertise within an
organization.
An arrangement
whereby an employee works a full forty hours per week, but in
less than the standard five days.
An arrangement
in which each employee chooses the hours during which he or she
will work, subject to certain limitations.
An arrangement
whereby two people share one full&-time position.
A committee
created for a specific short&-term purpose.
A relatively
permanent committee charged&- with performing some
recurring task.
A committee'
established to investigate a major problem or pending decision.
The
arrangement that provides increasing authority at higher levels
of management.
A management
system based on a formal framework of authority that is
carefully outlined and precisely followed.
A management
system founded on cooperation and knowledge&-based
authority.
An
organizational structure that combines vertical and horizontal
lines of authority by superimposing product departmentalization
on a functionally departmentalized organization.
An
entrepreneur working in an organizational environment who
develops an idea into a product and manages the product within
the firm.
The pattern of
behavior and interaction that stems from personal rather than
official relationships.
A group
created by the members themselves to accomplish goals that may
or may not be relevant to the organization.
The informal
communications network within an organization.
