A group of
individuals working together to achieve shared job&-related
goals, such as higher pay, shorter working hours, greater
benefits, or better working conditions.
The process by
which union leaders and managers negotiate common terms and
conditions of employment for those workers represented by the
unions.
A union
composed of workers in a specific craft or trade.
A labor union
formed in the nineteenth century that used political lobbying to
fight for shorter workdays, better working conditions, worker
ownership of factories, and free public land for those who
wished to farm.
A group of
craft unions formed in 1866 that emphasized collective
bargaining, economic action, and a pragmatic approach to union&-management
relations.
The unionizing
of employees by industry rather than by skill or occupation.
A group of
industrial unions established in 1938 that rapidly organized the
auto, steel, mining, meatpacking,paper, textile, and electrical
industries.
Union
sacrifices of previously won terms and conditions of employment.
Unions
organized at the level of a single company plant, or small
geographic region.
The employee
in a unionized workplace who acts as a liaison between union
members and supervisors, generally to resolve grievances.
A person
employed by a union to act as a liaison between union members
and the supervisors of an organization, generally to resolve
grievances.
A federal law
passed in 1932 that imposed limitations on the ability of courts
to issue injunctions against union strikes and outlawed yellow&-dog
contracts.
A court order
prohibiting certain activities.
A contract
stating that a worker does not belong to and will not join a
union while employed by a firm.
A federal law
passed in 1935 that gave most workers the right to form unions,
to bargain collectively, and to engage in group activities to
reach their goals. The law also forced employers to bargain with
duly elected union officials.
The
organization created by the National Labor Relations Act to
administer its provisions.
A federal law
passed in 1938 that set a minimum wage and prohibited child
labor.
The common
name for the Labor&-Management Relations Act, which forbade
closed shops, promoted open shops by allowing states to enact
right&-to&-work laws, and provided for the settlement
of strikes in certain key industries.
A workplace in
which only those who already belong to the appropriate union may
be hired by the company.
A workplace in
which union membership has no effect on the hiring or retaining
of an individual.
Laws that
prohibit union shops and agency shops.
A workplace
that requires employees to join the union within a specified
period after being hired.
A workplace
that requires employees to pay fees to the union, even if they
choose not to join it.
A 60&-day
period in which workers in key industries are restrained from
striking while negotiations with management continue.
A federal law
passed in 1959 that imposed regulations on internal union
procedures, requiring unions to hold elections at least every
five years and to file annual financial disclosure statement
with the Department of Labor.
A federal law
passed in 1988 stipulating that companies employing more than
100 people must give workers at least 60 days' notification of a
shut down or mass layoff.
The group of
employees represented by a union.
A clause in an
employment contract stating that wages will increase
automatically in proportion to increases in the cost of living.
A labor union
tactic in which workers temporarily walk off the job.
A strike
triggered by an impasse over mandatory bargaining items.
A strike by
one union in sympathy with strikes initiated by another labor
organization.
A strike
unauthorized by the union during the life of a contract.
A
union tactic in which workers march at the entrance to the
company with signs explaining their reasons for striking.
A union tactic
in which members agree not to buy the products of a firm and may
also entourage consumers to shun the firm products.
A union tactic
in which workers do not go on strike but instead work at a much
slower pace than normal.
A management
tactic in which employees are denied access to the workplace.
A temporary or
permanent replacement for a striking employee.
The process in
which a neutral third party is called in to offer suggestions
for resolving a dispute.
The process in
which a neutral third party dictates a settlement between two
parties who have agreed to submit to outside judgment.
The process in
which two parties are legally required to submit to the outside
judgment of a neutral third party.
A complaint by
a worker that a manager is violating the terms of an employment
contract.
