Comprehensive legislation enacted by Congress in
1969, directed at protecting the environment.
A federal agency established by Congress to conduct
research and provide medical and technical expertise in setting health and
safety standards for the workplace.
A statute enacted by Congress in 1935 to regulate
relations between employers and employees. Also known as the Wagner Act. The
statute protected the rights of workers to join unions and bargain with
employers, and established the National Labor Relations Board to enforce labor
law and certify the results of union elections.
The federal agency responsible for enforcing labor
laws, holding elections in which employees decide whether they wish to be
represented by a union, and preventing and remedying unfair labor practices.
A concept of law based on underlying moral
principles, rather than written statutes or codes.
A market for a necessary good or service whose unit
costs fall with each additional unit of output; for example, many utilities.
Such markets tend to be exempt from antitrust regulation.
The clause in the U. S. Constitution that grants
Congress the authority to make all laws necessary and proper to carry out the
congressional powers specified in the Constitution, as well as various implied
powers vested in the federal government.
The failure to exercise the degree of care that a
reasonable, prudent person would exercise under similar circumstances.
Negligent conduct is conduct that foreseeably exposes another person to an
unreasonable risk of harm.
A modern concept under which rights granted by the
state-for example, to a salaried job or to public assistance benefits-are
considered a kind of property. Proponents of this concept hold that such
property rights have any form that the state dictates, and that the state has a
natural monopoly on the goods and services it chooses to provide.
A small sum awarded to show that although a legal
wrong occurred, the plaintiff failed to demonstrate a substantial loss or
injury.
A corporation organized for charitable, religious, or
educational purposes. Any profits it generates are reinvested in the
corporation, rather than paid to shareholders as dividends.
A statute enacted by Congress in 1932 that prohibited
employers from obtaining injunctions against union activities and from
enforcing yellow-dog contracts (contracts requiring employees to promise not to
join unions).
