The war in the Balkan States against Turkey commenced as a war of liberation ; it ended as a war of subjugation. Before that war commenced a definite treaty was made and signed between Serbia and Bulgaria. That treaty divided Macedonia into two portions. The larger southern and eastern portion was acknowledged to be rightly Bulgarian, an undisputed zone. The smaller north-western portion, a disputed zone, was left to be settled after 'the war, with the proviso that if Serbia and Bulgaria could not come to an amicable settlement, it was to be submitted to the arbitration of the Tsar of Russia. Before the second war commenced Serbia had shown her determination not to abide by this treaty, by closing Bulgarian schools, by arresting Bulgarians, by expelling Bulgarian priests and bishops. When the Russian Minister at Belgrade, the late Monsieur Hartwig, before the second war, was asked to use his influence to bring together Serbia and Bulgaria, in the interest of the Balkan States, he blurted out: "I care nothing for the Balkan States ; I am working for my country. Serbia must be strong. Bulgaria has been coquetting with Austria, and cannot be trusted. Bulgaria must give way all along the line." Such were the lines on which Russian diplomacy was conducted during the second war. Roumania was permitted to invade Bulgaria without a particle of justification, and to seize from her the richest portion of her territory, the Dobrudja, not only in defiance of her national rights, but in flagrant defiance of a solemn agreement entered into at Petrograd, in which all the Ambassadors took part, the ink of which was scarcely dry. The Treaty of Bucharest was wrung from Bulgaria bleeding, deserted, betrayed, and was called a peace. A peace founded on two broken treaties. The Concert of Europe, founded, I presume, on the Treaty of Berlin, has of recent years been chiefly occupied in breaking it. Its labours have ever been marked by the defeat of all straightforward diplomacy by the opposing intrigues and the rival ambitions of Powers armed to the teeth. Its last futile breath was used before the Balkan War in the declaration that no matter what the issue of the war might be, neither side would be allowed to reap the fruits of victory in any territorial gain.

The Concert filled their waste paper basket of Europe with the fragments of broken treaties—the Treaty of Berlin torn up by Austria, by Italy, by Roumania, and by the Balkan States ; the treaty made between Serbia and Bulgaria before the war with Turkey ; the solemn agreement made between Roumania and Bulgaria at Petrograd. Little wonder that the Treaty of London followed the others into the waste-paper basket, torn in twain ! Little wonder that Turkey regarded the strongly worded protests of the Powers with the contempt which they deserved ! But, in all seriousness, I ask : Has the world ever seen a more humiliating spectacle ?

Wordy, empty protests from the Powers called Great. The bravest, most liberty-loving, most progressive, most tolerant race in the Balkan Peninsula attacked by her treacherous allies, aided by a quondam friend. Deserted by the great Slav Power, compelled to demobilise, and thus left defenceless, friendless, with her wounds still gaping, to treat as best she could with her old enemy, Turkey, to secure for herself some few fragments of the Treaty of London, so insolently torn up and flung in the face of Europe. The Powers of Europe stood by and watched. To reap man sows. That which he sows he reaps. The Concert of Europe has sown, now it reaps.— Yours, etc.,