The earliest part of Wolverine's life we know to be true is the Weapon X program. He was taken against his will and was experimented on by scientists that transformed him into Weapon X. They laced his skeleton with adamantium, which inadvertently laced his claws with adamantium also, and trained him to be a wild ferocious fighter with his animal instincts. They replaced most or all of his memories with implants so to this day he doesn't know where he came from or how he got to the Weapon X program to begin with. He somehow escaped or was released by the scientists and met James and Heather Hudson for the first time. They helped him to recover some of his humanity and he joined Alpha Flight. He worked with Alpha Flight for a while and then left them to join the X-Men.
At this point he goes off on his own for a little while and after being humiliated by Lord Shingen Harada, kills him and gets engaged to be married to Mariko. Mariko calls off the wedding because she is actually under the control of the Shadow King. He goes on with his life and rescues Akiko, a young girl, then adopts her. He puts her in a good foster home and departs.
The next major chronological event in his life is when he goes along with Shadowcat, and kills Ogun who is his former mentor. He goes back to the X-Men and stays with them, fighting the enemies of the X-Men and protecting the world from evil mutants with adventures on the side in his own comic book title. He aquires many friends and enemies along the way and battles repeatedly with his arch-enemy Sabretooth. Sabretooth had thought that he was Logan's father, but that was recently proven false by a blood test performed on the two in a S.H.I.E.L.D. helicopter after a battle involving Sabretooth, Cable, and Elsie Dee. Elsie Dee is an android in the form of a little girl who has become Wolverine's friend even though she was sent to kill him. She works with Albert, a cyborg likeness of Wolverine. Omega Red is another one of Wolverine's worst enemies. He was introduced in the early issues of X-Men. He has Carbonadium tentacles and a "death factor". It is revealed that he is somehow linked to Wolverine's past, and has fought him before, but the details are sketchy at best.
Cyber is yet another one of Wolverine's worst enemies. He was just recently introduced. His skin has been laced with Adamantium and he has claws on the tip of each finger filled with a specialized highly toxic hallucinogen. He is described by Wolverine as "The only one that ever really beat me." Supposedly, in his past, he fought Cyber, and cyber left him for dead. Much Later Genesis released mutant Death Watch Beetles upon Cyber, and they ate away Cyber's flesh, leaving behind his adamantium skin which Genesis tries to bond into Wolverine's bones in Wolverine #100. Cyber is Dead, An Attempt to Add his Adamantium to Wolverine Which Failed After "Fatal Attractions".
In the fatal attractions series, Wolverine's life is changed drastically. The X-Men go into space to battle Magneto for the last time after Magneto disrupts the Earth's electro magnetic field. They battle and Magneto rips the Adamantium in Wolverine's bones out through his skin. Professor X takes Magneto's mind away leaving him in a vegetative state. They try to get Wolverine back to Earth so they can revive him. His healing factor cannot keep up with such a grave wound. He is just on the verge of death, when Jean Grey is sucked out the hatch of the jet and is about to die. Wolverine comes back to life and saves her.
They get back to the X-mansion and after sufficient time, Wolverine heals. He decides to test himself in the danger room because he feels he is of no more use to the team. He is doing poorly, when the robots back him into a corner, and it is revealed for the first time that Wolverine's claws were originally bone. At this point he decides that leaving would be best for everyone, and he goes off leaving a touching letter to Jubilee. He has a few adventures on his own and fights Cyber. He then decides to return to the X-Men. He comes back and battles Sabretooth. He pins him against the wall with two of his claws on either side of Sabretooth's head. Sabretooth either doesn't believe Logan will do it, or has a death wish or maybe both. He threatens everyone close to Wolverine, and it seems as if Wolverine pops the third claw, right before the Universe Crystalizes, leaving us wondering what happened.
Alpha Flight
Wolverine has very strong ties to Alpha Flight. Shortly after he escaped the Weapon X complex, he attacked Hudson (who was on a wilderness honeymoon with Heather). Heather was able to tranquilise him and they took him back to their cabin. While Hudson went for help, Heather stayed with Logan. She helped calm him when he started having a severe reaction to his claws (which were totally new to him). Mac and Heather helped him deal with this and he became Mac's first agent in Department H. He led First Flight and assisted in the forming of Alpha Flight but eventually left when he was offered membership in the X-Men by Professor X. He has given many reasons for leaving, but one of the more prominent ones is that he felt love for Heather but didn't want to interfere. Another is that the government saw him as a piece of property.
He soon came to live with them, as a brother, and possibly, in some ways a son. He joined James' Department H as Wolverine and was also code-named Weapon X. He helped Hudson develop Alpha Flight and to cope with some of his failures. Still he felt as if he didn't belong and didn't enjoy being controlled by the government. So, when Professor X offered him a membership in the X-Men, he took it.
The Canadian government didn't appreciate this turn of events. Neither did Hudson, who felt betrayed. He was soon dispatched to retrieve Logan and the two battled. He later returned with Alpha Flight who battled with the X-Men. The two teams have had a rocky relationship ever since. While he has always been there for Alpha Flight when they needed him, he is a member of the X-Men first and foremost.
Known only as Logan to his very few friends, Wolverine is a distant man with a past shrouded in mystery. Logan sets himself apart from the others as he tries to come to grips with his past -- where memories are reduced to a flashing series of contradictory images. Wolverine's mutant powers include his hyper-keen senses; a healing factor that enables him to survive nearly any wound, no matter how grave; and huge, unbreakable metal claws that pop out of the backs of his hands.
Known only as Logan to his very few friends, Wolverine is a distant man with a past shrouded in mystery. His memories reduced to a flashing series of contradictory images, Logan comes to the Xavier Institute at the behest of Professor X.
AoA
AOA Wolverine: In AOA, Logan joined the X-Men earlier then in our reality. He fell in love with Jean Grey, but without Cyclops in the way, they formed a couple. When she was abducted by Apocalypse and put in the pens, Logan saved her alone after fighting Scott, losing an arm in the mission. They both became rogue agents, gathering information from Sinister to the Human High Council in Europe. After Jean departed to America, Logan helped the Council to drop the bombs in Apocalypse´s America, in time to kill Havok, after he killed Jean.