Calgary, city in southern Alberta, Canada, where the Bow and Elbow rivers meet. The largest city in the province, Calgary is a commercial, financial, manufacturing, and transport centre for a region that produces oil and natural gas, grain, and cattle. The principal industries of the city are food processing, oil refining, tourism, and the manufacture of chemicals and building materials. As the headquarters for more than 300 oil and natural gas companies, Calgary has become known as the Oil and Gas Capital of Canada.

The University of Calgary (1945), Mount Royal College (1910), and the Provincial Institute of Technology and Art (1916) are located in Calgary. The city's attractions include the Glenbow Museum; the Alberta Science Center and Centennial Planetarium; Calgary Tower; Heritage Park, a reproduction of a late 19th-century village; the Calgary Zoo and Dinosaur Park; the Southern Alberta Jubilee Auditorium; and the Calgary Centre for the Performing Arts. Calgary is also the site of the Calgary Exhibition and Stampede, a rodeo and livestock show, first held in 1912 and an annual event since 1923.

People have lived in the area around what is now Calgary for thousands of years. The first Canadian settlement, called Fort Brisebois, was established in 1875 as an outpost for the North West Mounted Police. In 1876 the post was renamed Fort Calgary, a name probably derived from a Gaelic phrase for "bay farm" or "bay pasture". The community grew after the arrival of the Canadian Pacific Railway in 1883 and was incorporated in 1893. During the 20th century, economic development has been stimulated by the development of irrigated agriculture nearby, the discovery of the Turner Valley and Leduc oil and gas fields, and the construction of the Trans-Canada Highway. The city's population has increased tremendously since the 1960s. In 1988, Calgary was the site of the Winter Olympic Games. Population, 754,033.