While earliest reference to Abbadon refers to it as a place, the Hebrew word for destruction. Later scholars allude to a being called Abbadon. Revelation refers to Abbadon as the place for those who "neither repented of their murders, nor their fornication, nor their thefts." It is described as a foul, smoky abyss out of which locusts, demons, and monsters emerge to destroy the earth. In this case, the ruler of Abbadon is Apollyon. The Thanksgiving Hymns (a copy of which turned up among the recently discovered Dead Sea scrolls) speaks of "the Sheol of Abbadon" and of the "torrents of Belial [that] bursts into Abbadon," making Abbadon seem to be a place rather than a being. The 1st century apocryphon The Biblical Antiquities of Philo speaks of Abbadon as a place (sheol, hell), not as a spirit or demon or angel, where the dead dwell. Abbadon personified, is the Hebrew name for Apollyon, "angel of the bottomless pit," as in Revelation 9:10; and the angel (or star) that binds Satan for 1000 years, as in Revelation 20. As far as is known, it was St John, who first personified the term to stand for an angel. In the 3rd century Acts of Thomas, Abbadon is the name of a demon, of the devil himself. According to Mathers in The Greater Key of Solomon, Abbadon is the name for God that Moses invoked to bring down the blighting rains over Egypt, while the Cabbalist Joseph ben Abraham Gikatilla denominates Abbadon as the 6th lodge of the 7 lodges of Hell (arka), under the rulership of the angel Pasiel (qv). Klopstock in The Messiah calls Abbadon "death's dark angel," and Abbadon has also been identified as the Angel of Death and Destruction, demon of the abyss, the chief of demons of the underworld hierarchy, where he is equated with Samael or Satan.