Tribal Occupation
	Gauls (1000-55)

Foreign Rule
	Rome (55 BC-AD 395)
	Western Rome (395-448)

Tribal Occupation
	Franks (448-800)

Foreign Rule
	Germany (800-1384)
	Burgundy (1384-1477)
	Germany (1477-1549)
	Spain (1549-1648)

Dutch Republic of the United Provinces, under Spain (1559-1648)
	Stadholders, Nassau-Orange House
		-William I the Silent (1559-1584)
		-Philip William (1584-1618)
		-Maurice (1618-1625)
		-Frederick Henry (1625-1647)
		-William II (1647-1650)
		-William III, England and Scotland (1650-1702)
		-William IV (1747-1751)
		-William V (1751-1795)

Foreign Rule
	France (1795-1814)

Kingdom of the Netherlands
	Nassau-Orange House
		-William I (1813-1840)
		-William II (1840-1849)
		-William III (1849-1890)
		-Wilhelmina (1890-1940)

Foreign Rule
	Germany (1940-1945)

Kingdom of the Netherlands
	Nassau-Orange House
		-Wilhelma (Restored: 1945-1948)
		-Juliana (1948-1980)
		-Beatrice (1980-        )