Foreign Rule
	Carthage (600-238)
	Rome (238 BC-AD 395)
	Western Rome (395-456)

Tribal Occupation
	Vandals (456-534)

Foreign Rule
	Byzantium (534-990)

Tribal Occupation
	Saracens (990-1017)

Foreign Rule
	Tuscany (1017-1021)

Tribal Occupation
	Saracens (1021-1022)

Foreign Rule
	Tuscany (1022-1038)

Tribal Occupation
	Saracens (1038-1052)

Foreign Rule
	Tuscany (1052-1323)
	Aragon (1323-1516)
	Spain (1516-1713)
	Austria (1713-1720)

Kingdom of Sardinia
	House of Savoy
		-Victor Amadeus II (1720-1730)
		-Charles Emmanuel III (1730-1773)
		-Victor Amadeus IV (1773-1796)
		-Charles Emmanuel IV (1796-1802)
		-Victor Emmanuel I (1802-1821)
		-Charles Felix (1821-1831)
		-Charles Albert (1831-1849)
		-Victor Emmanuel II (1849-1861)

-Italian States merge to form Italy