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Medieval Western Europe
(AD 466-1453)

  1. Spain (466-????)
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      • -466: Euric became king of the Visigoths and declared independence from Rome for his kingdom, which included all but northwest Spain and much of south and western Gaul; Euric created a Roman-Germanic code of laws, and the powerful nobles established the kingship as an elected position.


  2. Italy (488-????)
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      • -488: Theodoric, the first king of the Ostrogoths, invaded Italy and killed the Herulian ruler Odoacer; he became ruler of Italy and gave a Roman consul nominal authority, allowing the Ostrogoths to live peacefully with the Romans and influencing their culture.


  3. France (870-????)
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      • -870: the Treaty of Mersen divided the middle kingdom, Lotharingia, between the kingdom of France, which got Burgundy, and Germany, which got Italy and acquiring the title of emperor, became the Holy Roman Empire.


  4. Holy Roman Empire (870-????)
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      • -870: the Treaty of Mersen divided the middle kingdom, Lotharingia, between the kingdom of France, which got Burgundy, and Germany, which got Italy and acquiring the title of emperor, became the Holy Roman Empire.


  5. England (1066-????)
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      • -1066, October 14: after the defeat and deaths of Tostig and Harold III, William led his own invasion in Sussex; William defeated and killed Harold II at the Battle of Hastings, and he was crowned William I the Conqueror, king of England, which ended the Anglo-Saxon line and began Norman rule.