The main source for backpackers is TNT magazine.
It is very helpful and breaks travelling down by region.
There is a great hostel system in Australia. There
is a Youth Hostel Association (YHA) in nearly every city. With
a YHA card, you can get discounts (on already low prices) for
a nights stay at YHA hostels. If you don't know if you will want
to by one, ask about a starter card.
Qantas Flies nearly everywhere in Australia. With
the recent bankruptcy of one of its major competitors, the prices
may even come down further than its already low state.
Transinfo is a great resource. If you want a bus,
or you want a train, or possibly you don't even know what you
want but you know where you are and where you want to be give
Queesland Transinfo a call and they will help you figure it out.
McCafferty's is somewhat like Greyhound. Cheap Bus
anywhere you want to go.