A General History:
E.R. Seary's book "Family names of the Island of Newfoundland" suggests that the Batten name comes from England and was originally a shortening of the baptismal name Bartholomew. The first references I have found of Battens in Newfoundland start with Sir John Berry's census of 1677. There were two Planters (resident fishermen), Arthur Battin in Harbour Grace in 1675 and Thomas Batten in "Bay de Verds" in 1677.
The next references start in St. John's in the mid 1700's with many occurances of John Batten or Battens in jury duty and appointment as High Sherrif of Nfld. The 1794 census indicates a John Batton of Stoke-in-Teignhead, England as the owner of 5 houses in St. John's as well as fishing stages in the harbour.
There appears to have been at least three Battons; John, William and Samuel in Harbour Grace in the latter half of the the 1700's. Samuel moved to Port De Grave in 1768 and was apparently followed by John in 1791 and William in or before 1797. I say apparently because the surnames vary between Batten and Batton and I can't tell if this indicates different people or simply different spellings. However, this is where the growth of the name started as there are few references to the Batten name other than on the Port De Grave peninsula. During the 1700's there were only Thomas, William, John and Samuel Battens. The names of James, Benjamin and Isaac appear around 1800. I have now connected my family line to James Batten who was born in Bareneed in 1795. By the mid 1800's the name disappeared in Harbour Grace and the numbers had grown substantially in Port De Grave.
Around 1780 a William Batten shows up in Bareneed and it appears that the sons of the Port De Grave Battens take up residence there as well. A Batten family, Isaac and Elizabeth of Port De Grave, bought property in The Dock in 1816. I have numerous references for Batten's in Bareneed between 1828 and 1858 as schooner owners. There were Samuel, Thomas, John, John Jr., William and Benjamin as owners of the "Four Brothers", the "Two Brothers", "Sealer", "Oriental", "Adventure", "Swift", "Arrow", and the "Sea". From then to the beginning of the 1900's there was a migration of Battens out of the area principally to South River and Foxtrap on the south side of Conception Bay. It is possible to directly trace few of the Conception Bay South Battens back to the Port De Grave peninsula using headstone data from Foxtrap cemetaries. However, most of the good data, i.e. church records, were lost as the original Foxtrap church burnt.
While there are a multitude of references to link the Batten name to areas in the south of England, there are also some shaky but tantalizing hints that the Newfoundland Battens came directly from Jersey in the Channel Islands.