Choosing the Proper Size Aquarium
The aquarium should be as large as space permits. Be sure that a suitable stand is used and that the floor can support the weight. Generally, larger size aquariums are easier to maintain, and the initial extra time invested in setting up the aquarium is well worth the effort. Besides allowing for a larger selection of inhabitants, a larger aquarium is more forgiving when mistakes are made. There is a greater water volume to dilute pollutants, helping to keep them below critical concentrations and providing more time for them to be removed by natural processes.
Choosing the Proper Aquarium Stand
It is strongly recommended that the aquarium be placed on a manufacturer recommended stand. Assemble the stand according to manufacturer's instructions. Be sure it is sturdy and not wobbly. Television and video cabinets, and self-assembled furniture are also unsuitable. Never put a tank on electrical items such as televisions or stereo equipment that cannot support them. The high humidity or accidental spills may also damage delicate electronics. The aquarium MUST be supported at all four corners so that no stress is placed along the length of the sides. Warps or unevenness can lead to stress cracks in aquarium glass or leaks in the silicone that seals the glass plates of the aquarium. This could result in an aquarium leaking. Water is extremely heavy. A fully decorated aquarium will weigh about ten pounds per gallon capacity. Large aquariums should be placed close to a supporting wall to reduce structural stress. Be sure to level any stand to avoid a crooked water line and evenly distribute weight and stress.
Hoods & Canopies
Once the size of aquarium has been selected, a matching full size hood is required to prevent water evaporation and provide lighting. Rapid water evaporation results in low water conditions, which may damage filters and heaters in the aquarium. It will also cause a building of carbonates and minerals (water hardness) as the water evaporates and minerals remain in the aquarium. An aquarium cover also prevents contaminants from getting into the tank. In addition, a hood will stop fish from jumping from the aquarium. A completely closed cover has also been shown to be a major factor in keeping the aquarium temperature and electricity costs down.
Lighting
Incandescent and Fluorescent bulbs are the two types of lighting most commonly available. Incandescent lighting is initially less expensive to purchase. However, the cost over the long run in replacement bulbs and electricity often means this form of light can be just as expensive as the fluorescent type. Incandescent lighting does not give off very intense illumination and radiates more heat into the aquarium. These conditions are unsuitable for growing live plants. Fluorescent lighting generates less heat and is very efficient in illumination per watt. In general, these bulbs last much longer than incandescent bulbs and are less expensive to operate. Additionally, the light spectrum may be varied with the wide variety of specialized bulbs available. Special bulbs are available to highlight the colors of fish, grow live plants in fresh water, or provide the special light requirements of living corals in reef aquariums.