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Paul Lutherborough and Ann Hewison © Paul was the son of David Lotherbarrow, and he was born in Aughton, near Ormskirk in 17931. Records (Family History and Parish) suggest Paul’s mother was Elizabeth – possibly shortened to Betsy or Betty and that he may have had up to nine siblings: Elizabeth 1755; James 1757; David 1764; John 1766-before 1798; Jane 1769; Alice 1772; Ann 1775; Margaret 1783; Thomas 1786; and John 1798. Aughton is both a small village and a civil parish within the West district of Lancashire, approximately 3.2km south-south-west of Ormskirk and 20km north-north-east of Liverpool. A residential area with tree lined roads being found in all parts of the parish, the northern part is known as Aughton Village, the south-west as Holt Green and the south-east as Town Green, with a portion of the parish known as Up-Lither-land. There is no mention of Aughton in the Domesday Book, but it was recorded in a history of Aughton, written in 1893, that in 1086 at the time of the ‘survey of the land between the River Mersey and Kibble, Uctred, a Saxon Thane, held Acketun (Aughton), a carucate of land, worth thirty-two pence’. A carucate of land was deemed to be as much land as could be ploughed by a team of eight oxen in a single day, said by some to have been reckoned at 100acres. Shortly after the survey, William the Conqueror gave the whole of Lancashire, including Aughton, to Earl Roger of Poictou. However, due to his conspiracy against the crown in the mid-12th Century, it was granted to Warin de Lancaster. Original parts of the St Michaels Church date from the early 1300s, Aughton Hall was built in the 1400s, and traces of entrenchments on Aughton Common have been found. Nothing is known of Paul’s life after his baptism, until in April 1724, when Paul and one Richard McComb, as his bondsman, applied for a licence to allow him to marry an Anne Hewison. This record shows Paul was from Ormskirk, Lancashire and he was a Clothier. Richard McComb is recorded as being a Barber Surgeon from Dublin. Both Paul & Richard signed the document2. Paul and Anne were then married in the Kirkby Overblow All Saints Parish Church on the 30th April, 17243. On the Parish Register Paul is recorded as a 32year old 'Sargant', but it has not yet been established what, if any Militia he was attached to, or why he was in Kirkby Overblow. Anne is said to have been 17years old, from Leeds, as with Paul it hasn’t been established why Anne was in Kirkby Overblow. Kirkby Overblow is situated in North Yorkshire, about 20km north of Leeds and roughly 100km north-north-east of Aughton. The first written reference to Kirkby Overblow appears in the Domesday Book, where it appears as Cherchebi, and meaning ‘the village with the church.’ However, evidence of an earlier church came to light, during recent renovations, with the discovery of a fragment of carved stone, dated to the 10th Century. The Kirkby part of the name is a common prefix, simply meaning a settlement by a church. While Overblow is a corruption of Oreblow, a reference to the village's iron-smelting past. The village is dominated by the All Saints Church Tower. Although Kirkby Overblow is located on a prominent ridge, the core of the village itself occupies a relatively flat site on a high south-facing ridge, surrounded by farmland, and overlooking Wharfedale which is 10km to the south-east. It is estimated Anne was born around 1707, and possibly in or around Leeds. However, to date no positive baptism has been located for her. It is thought her father’s name may have been Robert. Perplexingly no record of children for Paul and Anne can be found before 1836, and it is not known exactly how many children Ann and Paul had, or when they moved to Leeds. A reference to baptism in Ayr, Scotland for an Eleanor daughter of Paul Lutherborough and Anna Housten4 has been located and may be their daughter. We do know that a son William was baptized in Leeds, on the 8th December, 1837, and at this time it appears the family was living in Vicars Lane1. This record does not mention Paul's occupation, but it has been suggested he has been recorded as a Yeoman of Hull. Encyclopaedia Britannica states that in English history, Yeomen were a class intermediate between the gentry and the labourers. A Yeoman was usually a member of a class of small freeholders of common birth who cultivated their own land, but could describe a merchant, retainer, guard, attendant, or subordinate official. Appearing in Middle English as ‘yemen’, or ‘yoman’, it is perhaps a contraction of ‘yeng man’ or ‘yong man’, meaning ‘young man’, or ‘attendant’. A record has also been located for the burial of an Infant of Paul Lutherborough, in Leeds on the 21st October, 17391. It is not known when this child was born, but the term infant generally referred to a child under the age of about 2years. It is not clear if Paul may have still, if ever, been attached to a Militia regiment, and if so whether his unit was based in Leeds. However, I believe the more likely reason for his move to Leeds was because of the booming Wool trade. The growth of Leeds in the 16th & 17th Centuries was spurred on by the specialized 'Northern Dozens' or 'Yorkshire Broadcloths', cheap good quality cloths produced by clothiers in cottages or attached workshops in the area. As Paul is previously identified as a Clothier, a person who made or sold clothing, it is feasible to think he may have re-located to Leeds to take advantage of the strategically located town with a good market for obtaining necessary materials, and for the trade of finished goods. The name ‘Leeds‘ was first attested in the form ‘Loidis’: around 731 when Bede mentioned it in a book discussing an altar surviving from a church erected by Edwin of Northumbria, located in ‘...regione quae vocatur Loidis’, 'the region known as Loidis'. This was evidently a regional name, but it subsequently occurs in the 1086 Domesday Book denoting a settlement, in the later Old English form Ledes. The name is not Old English in form, so is presumably an Anglo-Saxonisation of an earlier Celtic name. It is hard to be sure what this name was, but Mills ‘A Dictionary of British Place-Names’ prefers the Celtic Lādenses 'people living by the strongly flowing river'. It has been surmised that the name denoted a forest covering most of the kingdom of Elmet, which existed during the late 5th to the early 7th Centuries. An inhabitant of Leeds is locally known as a Loiner, possibly derived from Loidis. By 1740, Paul and his small family were in Hull, where daughter Ann was baptized on the 21st December, 1740, at Holy Trinity, Kingston-on-Hull1. The town of Hull was founded late in the 12th Century, when the monks of Meaux Abbey needed a port where the wool from their estates could be exported. They chose a place at the junction of the rivers Hull and Humber to build a quay. The exact year Hull was founded is not known but it was first mentioned in 1193, called Wyke on Hull. Hull was renamed Kingston (Kings Town) in 1279, when King Henry acquired it as a port through which he could supply his army when fighting the Scots. At the same time the King set about enlarging Hull, increasing the right of the town to hold bi-weekly markets and an annual fair lasting for 30days. By 1285, the Church of the Holy Trinity was built, and around 1300, the King had built an exchange where merchants could buy and sell goods, he also established a mint in Hull, the same year. The main export from Medieval Hull was wool, much of which was exported to towns in what is now Holland and Belgium, where it was woven and dyed. Again Paul’s move to Hull is believed to have been due to the changes in the Wool trade. Previously overseen by a Steward appointed by the King, Hull was awarded a charter in 1331, which granted the townspeople certain privileges giving Hull its independence, and from that date Hull had a mayor. Exports of cloth, grain, and lead flourished well into the 17th Century, as well as trading with other countries Hull also carried on a coastal trade, there was a large fishing fleet, and from the early 17th Century there was a ship building industry in Hull. Like many other towns Hull suffered through the Black Death of 1349, which killed about half the population. Over the centuries, Hull also suffered from numerous outbreaks of plague, and during the last outbreak in 1637, more than 10% of the population died, including the mayor. In 1642 the country was heading towards Civil War and in April that year the King attempted to enter Hull. However, Sir John Hotham the governor of Hull, and his parliamentarians decided to refuse the King entry to the town. Actual warfare began in August 1642, with the King determined to take Hull, but the defenders marched out and crushed the royalists. A second siege began in September 1643, but ended in October when, again, the defenders went out and defeated the royalists in battle. The civil war finally ended in 1646. In the late 17th Century, Celia Fiennes, a travel writer described Hull as 'the buildings of Hull are very neat (it has) good streets. It’s a good trading town by means of the great river Humber that ebbs and flows like the sea. In the town there is a hospital that is called Trinity House for seamen’s widows and there is a good, large church'. Today retail and tourism are the major industries in Hull. Nothing more is known of Paul’s activities after he moved his family to Hull, until his death in 1745. At the age of 52, Paul was buried on the 13th October, 1745, at Holy Trinity, Hull5. It is not known the cause of death and there is no record of a headstone marking his final resting place. It is not known when or where Anne died. However, a record has been located of a marriage between an Anne Luthorborrow, Widow, and a Walter Russell, on the 3rd January, 1748, at Hull Holy Trinity2. It is believed that this is the remarriage of Paul's widow.
References:
2. Marriage Licence via Lancashire Record Office
3. Parish
Marriage Record
via Ancestry.co.uk
https://www.ancestry.co.uk 5. Parish Burial Record Beverley Archives, Hull, Yorkshire
Other Sources: Ancestry.co.uk http://home.ancestry.co.uk/ Brief history of Kingston-upon-Hull, A by Tim Lambert http://www.localhistories.org/hull.html Brief history of Leeds, A by Tim Lambert http://www.localhistories.org/Leeds.html Gleanings towards the annals of Aughton, near Ormskirk https://archive.org/stream/GleaningsTowardsTheAnnalsOfAughtonNearOrmskirk1893 Holy Trinity Hull http://www.holy-trinity.org.uk/ Kirkby Overblow https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kirkby_Overblow
Thank You Mother England: Paul Lutherborough and Families by
Gweneth Bruen, (1986)
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