American Academy of Family Physicians. (2005). Congestive heart failure: how to stay well and out of the hospital.   Retrieved September 6 2005, from http://familydoctor.org/671.xml

American Heart Association. (2005a). Understand the effects of smoking.   Retrieved October 12, 2005, from http://www.americanheart.org/presenter.jhtml?identifier=1562

American Heart Association. (2005b). Learn about the normal heart and how it works.   Retrieved October 8, 2005, from http://www.americanheart.org/presenter.jhtml?identifier=770

American Heart Association. (2005c). What are signs and symptoms of heart failure.   Retrieved September 2, 2005, from http://www.americanheart.org/presenter.jhtml?identifier=339

American Heart Association. (2005d). You should be tracking what you drink.   Retrieved September 2, 2005, from http://www.americanheart.org/presenter.jhtml?identifier=357

American Heart Association. (2005e). Have a better understanding of diet terms.   Retrieved September 2, 2005, from http://www.americanheart.org/presenter.jhtml?identifier=340

American Heart Association. (2005f). Have a better understanding heart failure.   Retrieved October 12, 2005, from http://www.americanheart.org/presenter.jhtml?identifier=1593

Artinian, N. T., Magnan, M., Sloan, M., & Lange, M. P. (2002). Self-care behaviors among patients with heart failure. Heart Lung, 31(3), 161-172.

Ayers, D. M. (2004). Patient education series. Heart failure. Nursing, 34(11), 46-47.

Buckle, J., Sharkey, P., Myriski, P., Smout, R., & Horn, S. (2002). Improving outcomes for patients hospitalized with CHF. Managed Care Quarterly, 10(2), 30-40.

Clark, J. C., & Lan, V. M. (2004). Heart failure patient learning needs after hospital discharge. Applied Nursing Research, 17(3), 150-157.

Clark, P. C., & Dunbar, S. B. (2003). Family partnership intervention: a guide for a family approach to care of patients with heart failure. AACN Clinical Issues, 14(4), 467-476.

D'Alto, M., Pacileo, G., & Calabro, R. (2003). Nonpharmacologic care of heart failure: patient, family, and hospital organization. American Journal of Cardiology, 91(9A), 51F-54F.

Duffy, J. R., Hoskins, L. M., & Chen, M. C. (2004). Nonpharmacological strategies for improving heart failure outcomes in the community: a systematic review. Journal of Nursing Care Quality, 19(4), 349-360.

Dunbar, S. B., Clark, P. C., Deaton, C., Smith, A. L., De, A. K., & O'Brien, M. C. (2005). Family education and support interventions in heart failure: a pilot study. Nursing Research, 54(3), 158-166.

Fradette, M., Bungard, T. J., Simpson, S. H., & Tsuyuki, R. T. (2004). Development of educational materials for congestive-heart-failure patients. American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy, 61(4), 386-389.

Frantz, A. K. (2004). Breaking down the barriers to heart failure patient self-care. Home Healthcare Nurse, 22(2), 109-115.

Gazmararian, J. A., Williams, M. V., Peel, J., & Baker, D. W. (2003). Health literacy and knowledge of chronic disease. Patient Education and Counseling, 51(3), 267-275.

Geriatrics. (2005). You are living with heart failure.   Retrieved September 30, 2005, from http://www.geri.com/geriatrics/data/articlestandard/geriatrics/082005/147660/article.pdf

Gorelik, O., Almoznino-Sarafian, D., Feder, I., Wachsman, O., Alon, I., Litvinjuk, V., et al. (2003). Dietary intake of various nutrients in older patients with congestive heart failure. Cardiology, 99(4), 177-181.

Home Page

Gorski, L. A., & Johnson, K. (2003). A disease management program for heart failure: collaboration between a home care agency and a care management organization. Lippincotts Case Management, 8(6), 265-273.

Gramsky, C., Josephson, S., Langford, M., Offutt, C., & Wingate, S. (2003). Outpatient management of chronic heart failure. Critical Care Nursing Clinics of North America, 15(4), 501-509.

Grange, J. (2005). The role of nurses in the management of heart failure. Heart, 91 Suppl 2, ii39-42; discussion ii43-38.

Hardin, S., & Hussey, L. (2003). AACN Synergy model for patient care. Case study of a CHF patient. Critical Care Nurse, 23(1), 73-76.

Heart Failure Society of America. (2002). Who is the patient with heart failure?   Retrieved October 8, 2005, from http://www.abouthf.org/_downloads/faces_card.pdf

Heart Rhythm Society. (n.d.). Learn heart failure risk factors.   Retrieved October 11, 2005, from http://www.hrspatients.org/patients/heart_disorders/heart_failure/risk_factors.asp

Hoyt, R. E., & Bowling, L. S. (2001). Reducing readmissions for congestive heart failure [electronic version]. American Family Physician, 63(8), 8.

Jaarsma, T., Halfens, R., Tan, F., Abu-Saad, H. H., Dracup, K., & Diederiks, J. (2000). Self-care and quality of life in patients with advanced heart failure: the effect of a supportive educational intervention. Heart Lung, 29(5), 319-330.

Jacobsson, A., Pihl, E., Martensson, J., & Fridlund, B. (2004). Emotions, the meaning of food and heart failure: a grounded theory study. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 46(5), 514-522.

Martin, T. (2003). How heart failure complicates care. Nursing Management, 34(5), 27-31; quiz, page following 31.

National Heart, L., and Blood Institute. (2005). Who gets heart failure?   Retrieved September 2, 2005, from http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/dci/Diseases/Hf/HF_WhoIsAtRisk.html

National Heart, L., and Blood Institute. (2005). What is Heart Failure?   Retrieved September 2, 2005, from http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/dci/Diseases/Hf/HF_WhatIs.html

Resnick, B. (2004). Encouraging exercise in older adults with congestive heart failure. Geriatric Nursing, 25(4), 204-211.

Texas Heart Institute. (2005). Learn the anatomy of the human heart.   Retrieved October 8, 2005, from http://www.texasheartinstitute.org/anatomy2.html

The Cleveland Clinic Health Information Center. (2005a). General guidelines for coping with heart failure. Retrieved October 12, 2005, from http://www.clevelandclinic.org/health/health-info/docs/1800/1829.asp?index=8132

The Cleveland Clinic Health Information Center. (2005b). Learn the low-sodium guidelines for heart failure.   Retrieved October 8, 2005, from http://www.clevelandclinic.org/health/health-info/docs/1800/1834.asp?index=8122

Wheeler, E. C., & Plowfield, L. (2004). Clinical education initiative in the community: caring for patients with congestive heart failure. Nursing Education Perspective, 25(1), 16-21.