General Terms

Destroy means to get rid of or put in the graveyard. If it's a creature, it may regenerate unless a card says otherwise.

Bury means, "Destroy target creature, that creature may not regenerate."

A permanent is any artifact, enchantment, creature or land.

Target is any permanent that is chosen. EXAMPLE: "Destroy target creature" means destroy a creature chosen by the spell's controller.

Sacrifice means you put the card in the graveyard. It is not destroyed or buried. It may not be regenerated.

This means you cast a card on the play area. It does not mean you cast it and it gets countered.

This usually means to remove it from the game. The card cannot be regenerated. Its not considered buried or destroyed.

Random means not chosen. Either your opponent or another person picks without looking.

Choose means that you get to pick the card unless the card says, "Your opponent chooses......" That's when your opponent chooses.

Buyback is an ablility that you use to return the card you just cast to your hand for a cost.

Fading is like a time clock for the card. When you can't remove any more counters, it's destroyed. You remove one counter every upkeep.