Alliances and Treaties During the Cold War
NATO
- Also known as the North Atlantic Treaty Organization
- Treaty signed April 4, 1949
- the terms of the treaty
- each member that signed, pledged to come to the aid of the others in the event of an attack.
- after the Korean war (1950) is changed from a simple military promise to an integrated military alliance
- members
- The United States, Canada, Great Britan, Belguim, Denmark, France, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Norway and Portugal.
- Greece and Turkey joined in 1952
- West Germany joined in 1955
The Warsaw Pact
- formally known as The Treaty of Friendship, Cooperation and Mutual Assistance Between the People's Republic of Albania, the People's Republic of Bulgaria, The Hungarian People's Republic, the German Democratic Republic, The Polish People's Republic, the Rumanain People's Republic, the Union of Soviet Social Republics and the Czechoslovack Republic.
- signed May 14, 1955
- considered the Soviet counterpart of NATO
- the treaty was made because the USSR saw NATO as a threat
- members
- Poland, East Germany, Hungary, Czechoslovakia, Romaina, Albania and Bulgaria
The United Nations
- created in June 1945
- consisted of of 50 countries
- made up of six different groups
- the General Assembly - appointed new members, discussed issues
- the Security Council - investigated disputes, took emergency actions and kept the peace
- the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultrual Organization (UNESCO)
- the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO)
- the World Health Organization (WHO)
- the United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund (UNICEF)
The Truman Doctrine
- Presented to Congess by President Truman on March 12, 1947
- pledged military and economic assistance to Greece and Turkey in addition to any other country threatened by totalarianism
- explained America's duty to "help free peoples to maintain their free institutions and their national integrity against agressive movements that seek to impose upon them totalitarian regimes"
- one of the first official steps in stopping the Soviet Union
- in response, Congress appropriated $200 millon for Turkey and Greece
The Marshall Plan
- also known as the European Recovery Plan
- established April 1848
- the plan was that Europen nations that had been devestated by World War II have a joint recovery program to be funded by the United States
- purpose of the Marshall Plan
- create stable economic conditions
- prevent Europen nations from becoming Communist
- The US offered aid to all Europen nations including the Soviet Union and the countries it occupied
- The Soviet Union and Eastern Europe withdrew while the plan was still in it's early stages
- The plan provided around $12 billion on direct aid and $1.5 bilion in loans to Western Europe
- As a result, the ecomomies of 17 Europen nations were rehabilitated
for more information:
The Official Website of NATO
The United Nations
Multimedia on the Marshall Plan
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Bibliography
Bialer, Seweryn. The Global Rivals.Alfred and Knopf: New York, 1988.
Dudley, WIlliams. The Cold War: Opposing Viewpoints. Green Haven Press: San Diego, CA, 1992.
Roberts, Chalmers, M. The Nuclear Years: The Nuclear Arms Race. New York: Praeger Publishers, 1970.
"North Atlantic Trety Organization (NATO) Pact Signed April 4, 1949." DISCovering World History. Gale Research, 1997. Reproduced in Student Rescource Center. Farmington Hills, Mich.: Gale Group. May, 2003. http://galenet.galegroup.com/servlet/SRC/
"Containment Policy of Truman Doctrine." DISCovering World History. Gale Research, 1997. Reproduced in Student Rescource Center. Farmington Hills, Mich.: Gale Group. May, 2003. http://galenet.galegroup.com/servlet/SRC/
"Warsaw Pact Signed." DISCovering World History. Gale Research, 1997. Reproduced in Student Rescource Center. Farmington Hills, Mich.: Gale Group. May, 2003. http://galenet.galegroup.com/servlet/SRC/
"Marshall Plan" Copyrighted by Holt, Rineheart and Winston. May 2003.
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