Omar Bradley
Omar Nelson Bradley, 1893-1981), American general, who during World War II
commanded the U. S. 12th Army Group in Europe. By the spring of 1945 this group contained
4 field armies, 12 corps, 48 divisions, and more than 1,300,000 men, the largest
exclusively American field command in U.S. history. A mildmannered man with
a high-pitched voice, General Bradley created the impression less of a soldier
than of a teacher, which he actually was during much of his early career in
the Army (at the U. S. Military Academy and the Infantry School). Yet he earned
a reputation as an eminent tactician and as a "soldier's soldier,
a general with whom lower ranks could readily identify.
Bradley was born in Clark, Mo., on Feb 12, 1893. He moved
with his family 15 years later to Moberly, Mo., where he met the girl he eventually
married, Mary Quayle. He graduated from the U. S. Military Academy in 1915.
During World War I, Bradley rose to the temporary rank of major while serving
with the 14th Infantry Regiment. Early in World War II he served as commandant
of the Infantry School, commanded an infantry division in training, and in
the spring of 1943 commanded the 2d Corps in North Africa and later in Sicily.
Command in Europe
The Supreme Allied Commander, Gen. Dwight D. Eisenhower,
chose him to command the 1st U. S. Army, the American contingent in the invasion
of Normandy in June 1944. As the size of U. S. forces increased, Bradley was
appointed to command the 12th Army Group. His troops broke out of the Normandy
beachhead, liberated Paris, defeated a German counteroffensive during the
winter of 1944-1945, seized the first bridgehead over the Rhine River,
and drove through central Germany to establish the first Allied contact with
troops of the Soviet Union.
Bradley missed full encirclement of a German army in Normandy,
but this was generally attributed to the delayed advance of troops under British
command. He failed to detect German preparations for the winter counteroffensive,
but this was a general failure throughout the Allied command. Bradley was
proudest of Operation Lumberjack, the campaign he launched to reach the Rhine
after the German counteroffensive.
After World War II
For two years following World War II, Bradley served as
administrator of veterans' affairs before becoming chief of staff of the U.
S. Army early in 1948. The next year he became the first chairman of the Joint
Chiefs of Staff in the newly created Department of Defense, the highest military
position open to a U. S. officer. In September 1950, while chairman of the
Joint Chiefs, he became the fourth officer to reach the 5-star rank of general
of the army. He also served as the first chairman of the Military Committee
of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), consisting of the military
chiefs of staff of the nations united in that organization for common defense.
After relinquishing the NATO Military Committee chairmanship in 1950, he continued
until mid-1953 as U. S. representative on the committee and on its Standing
Group. Late in 1953 he became chairman of the board of the Bulova Watch Company.
He died in New York City on April 8, 1981.
In his memoirs, A Soldier's Story (1951), Bradley
sharply criticizes British Field Marshal Montgomery for "misrepresentation
of U.S. and British roles in the German winter counteroffensive.
Charles B. MacDonald
Deputy Chief Historian
Department of the Army
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