Historical Issues Related to Hawaiian Sovereignty -- Revolution (Overthrow of monarchy), Annexation, Statehood, Indigenous Status, Hawaiian Language Ban, Ceded Lands, Etc.

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This particular "Historical Issues" webpage is a compilation of links to the items in this website that are especially focused on history. A list of history books that can be found in libraries is available at
https://www.angelfire.com/hi2/hawaiiansovereignty/references.html
But the purpose of this webpage is to provide links to other internet webpages, not to books available only offline in libraries.

Here are the main sections in the order listed below.

Major items featured: Books by Ken Conklin (2007, text partly online) and Thurston Twigg-Smith (1998, text and photos entirely online); Morgan Report (Official U.S. Senate report,1894, text and summaries entirely online); Native Hawaiians Study Commission official Congressional report, 1983, text entirely online).

Revolution of 1893 (overthrow), Republic of Hawaii, and Annexation of 1898

Statehood (1959) and today's secessionist challenges to it

Broader historical topics such as: The role of religion in Hawaiian history and sovereignty; alleged indigenous status of ethnic Hawaiians; alleged banning of Hawaiian language; ownership of the ceded lands, whether Hawaii citizens of Asian ancestry have a duty to subordinate themselves to ethnic Hawaiians and help throw off the yoke of American colonialism.

Other compilations of webpages: Introductory topics of interest to novices; Reparations (Does the U.S. Owe Anything to Ethnic Hawaiians?); Land Issues; Federal recognition (Akaka bill); Legal issues; Impact of Hawaiian sovereignty on businesses and communities; Conklin's candidacy for OHA trustee in Fall 2000.

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Major items featured: Four principles of equality and unity; Books by Ken Conklin (2007, text partly online) and Thurston Twigg-Smith (1998, text and photos entirely online); Morgan Report (Official U.S. Senate report,1894, text and summaries entirely online); Native Hawaiians Study Commission official Congressional report, 1983, text entirely online); Hawaii Statehood -- straightening out the history-twisters.

FOUR PRINCIPLES OF EQUALITY AND UNITY
https://www.angelfire.com/big11a/4Principles.html

Kenneth R. Conklin, Ph.D. "HAWAIIAN APARTHEID -- RACIAL SEPARATISM AND ETHNIC NATIONALISM IN THE ALOHA STATE" (paperback, 302 pages, March 2007). This book is not available in bookstores. It is available direct from the publisher's internet bookstore or from other internet bookstores such as Amazon, or Barnes and Noble. It is print-on-demand: when you order a book, they print one and mail it to you. This book includes a discussion of the history of racial separatism in Hawai'i, beginning in the Kalakaua/Lili'uokalani regime, continuing with the Home Rule Party during the Territorial period, and then the Hawaiian Homes Commission Act of 1921, Alu Like, the founding of OHA in 1978, the Akaka bill, etc. See COVER, DETAILED TABLE OF CONTENTS, AND ENTIRE CHAPTER 1, FREE OF CHARGE, plus information on how to order the book; at
https://www.angelfire.com/planet/bigfiles40/BookPromo.html

Thurston Twigg-Smith, "HAWAIIAN SOVEREIGNTY: DO THE FACTS MATTER?" (Honolulu, HI: Goodale Publishing, 1998). This book focuses on the revolution of 1893 that overthrew the monarchy, and the annexation of Hawai'i to the United States (1898). But other topics are also covered, including the role of the missionaries. Mr Twigg-Smith is grandson of Lorrin A. Thurston, a leader of the revolution; and his great-great grandparents were Asa and Lucy Thurston who were in the first company of missionaries to arrive in Hawai'i in 1820. Mr. Twigg-Smith's entire book, including historical photos, can be downloaded free of charge in pdf format by clicking the following link (might take about 7 minutes with a 56 K modem):
http://bigfiles90.angelfire.com/HawnSovDoFactsMatterTTS.pdf

THE MORGAN REPORT -- OFFICIAL U.S. SENATE REPORT OF 1894 REGARDING THE 1893 REVOLUTION THAT OVERTHREW THE HAWAIIAN MONARCHY. 808 PAGES of historical documents and testimony under oath in open hearings under cross-examination. BLOWS A BIG HOLE IN THE TWISTED HISTORY IN THE APOLOGY RESOLUTION OF 1993 AND THE AKAKA BILL. Morgan Report website released to the public on January 17, 2006 in honor of the 113th anniversary of the Hawaiian revolution. The website includes all 808 pages of the official report; plus a detailed outline of topics; both short and long summaries of major testimonies; plus commentaries and highlighted portions of testimony on topics of special interest to historians. Morgan report includes the full text of a treaty of annexation offered by Kauikeaouli Kamehameha III; lengthy descriptions of the geography and economy of Hawaii including the school system and the sugar plantations, etc. Please visit
http://morganreport.org

The Native Hawaiians Study Commission was created by the Congress of the United States on December 22, 1980 (Title III of Public Law 96-565). The purpose of the Commission was to "conduct a study of the culture, needs and concerns of the Native Hawaiians." The report includes lengthy sections written by scholars about the history of Hawaii. The Commission published and released to the public a Draft Report of Findings on September 23, 1982. Following a 120-day period of public comment, a final report was written and submitted on June 23, 1983 to the U.S. Senate Committee on Energy and Natural Resources and to the U.S. House of Representatives Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs. The 747-page majority report is available on a webpage. It concludes there is no historical, legal, or moral obligation for the U.S. government to provide race-based reparations, assistance, or group rights for Native Hawaiians; and whatever special needs they might have should be dealt with through affirmative outreach to make sure they are aware of assistance programs which are available to all people regardless of race.
https://www.angelfire.com/big11a/NHSC.html

For Hawaiians Only. Webpages identifying and describing government funded racial entitlement programs providing Billions of federal and state taxpayer dollars in benefits exclusively to Native Hawaiians using taxpayer dollars from the U.S. and State of Hawaii.

Hawaii Statehood -- straightening out the history-twisters. A historical narrative defending the legitimacy of the revolution of 1893, the annexation of 1898, and the statehood vote of 1959.
https://www.angelfire.com/big09a/StatehoodHistUntwisted.html

Kenneth R. Conklin, Ph.D. vs. Bill Fernandez, retired judge and mayor, regarding a list of Native Hawaiian historical grievances asserted as reasons why a project to construct a 30-meter telescope on Mauna Kea should be cancelled. Detailed point-by-point rebuttal.
http://big11a.angelfire.com/DialogConklinFernandezHistoricalGrievances.html

Honolulu Thomas Square renovation unveils huge floodlit statue honoring Kauikeaouli Kamehameha III on July 31, 2018 (175th anniversary of Hawaiian Kingdom Sovereignty Restoration Day). Tall new flagpole permanently flies Hawaiian flag exclusively, round the clock. Similarity to Southern states erecting statues honoring Confederate generals decades after they lost the Civil War, for purpose of resisting federal government and asserting race-supremacist nationalism. History-twisting perverse English translation of state motto spoken by King in 1843 is carved in new stone wall demarcating Hawaiian Kingdom side of park. Large lava-rock so-called altar also erected.
http://big11a.angelfire.com/ThomasSquareKaLaHoihoiEa073118.html

The politics of digitizing Hawaiian language newspapers (from 1834-1948). A project to digitize Hawaiian language newspapers from the 19th Century appears superficially to be for scholarly research and revitalization of the language, but is actually being done primarily for political purposes in service to the sovereignty independence movement. The project is likely to engage in history-twisting by selecting royalist newspapers while ignoring Hawaiian language newspapers that were anti-monarchy or pro-annexation, thereby creating the impression that native Hawaiians were entirely pro-monarchy. The project might also twist history by allowing insertions or deletions of individual words or paragraphs, in the absence of providing photos of the scanned pages that would enable neutral scholars to verify the accuracy of transcription. An army of sovereignty activists are being recruited to do the transcribing by manually retyping thousands of pages from looking at photos of them, rather than using an optical character reader; thereby using the project to foster solidarity among the activists and to recruit new ones. The beginning and ending dates of this project were intentionally selected to be the dates of the two Hawaiian kingdom holidays of greatest political significance: Ka La Ku'oko'a (November 28, Independence Day) and Ka La Ho'iho'i Ea (July 31, Sovereignty Restoration Day). The organizers of the project are independence activists; and the sponsoring institutions and financial supporters are OHA, Bishop Estate, etc.
https://www.angelfire.com/big09/HawLangNewspapersPoliticsDigitize.html

What Does the United States Owe to Native Hawaiians? Two reports commissioned by Congress (Morgan 1894 and NHSC 1983) contain the answers, which are directly applicable to the Akaka bill.
https://www.angelfire.com/hi5/bigfiles3/USOwesNatHawns.html

OHA published a 67-page document suddenly on November 13, 2007 which tried to smear the Hawaii Advisory Committee to the U.S. Commission on Civil Rights just two days before a scheduled public meeting. The document also tried to twist history to support the Akaka bill and tried to discredit earlier testimony opposing the bill. Civil rights activists rushed to produce a rebuttal to the OHA document one day later. The rebuttal explains that conflicting historical narratives battle to influence public opinion on issues in the political arena, and cites the Morgan Report and Native Hawaiians Study Commission report to straighten out OHA's twisted history.
https://www.angelfire.com/planet/big60/AkakaOHAcivrtscomshisttwistrebut111307.html

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Revolution of 1893 (overthrow), Republic of Hawaii, and Annexation of 1898

Book Review of William M. Morgan Ph.D., PACIFIC GIBRALTAR: U.S. - JAPANESE RIVALRY OVER THE ANNEXATION OF HAWAII, 1885-1898 (Annapolis: Naval Institute Press, 2011). Historian analyzes the Hawaiian revolution and annexation, and Grover Cleveland's attempt to overthrow President Dole and restore the Hawaiian monarchy. Special attention to Japanese immigration, Japanese diplomatic and military involvement in opposing annexation, and the normalcy of using joint resolution as the method of annexation.

Book review of James L. Haley, CAPTIVE PARADISE: A history of Hawaii (New York: St. Martin's Press, 1st ed., November 2014). The title "Captive Paradise" is a red flag. It should warn readers that this book has a strongly-held viewpoint and is not a fair and balanced history of Hawaii. But it is very well written and provides numerous fascinating tidbits that will probably be new information even for readers who are quite knowledgeable about the subject. The author began the project with the all-too-common academic prejudice already firmly in place that Hawaiian sovereignty was stolen by an imperialist United States which used religious and cultural indoctrination to colonize the minds of the natives and then used force to invade, overthrow the monarchy, and illegally annex Hawaii -- and then the author selected those facts which bolstered his prejudice while ignoring facts that would discredit it. Like Keanu Sai or Tom Coffman, James Haley has written a piece of propaganda whose nasty conclusion is couched in an appearance of scholarly inquiry.

Was the 1893 revolution illegal? Was it a theft of a nation owned by ethnic Hawaiians and stolen by non-ethic-Hawaiians?

U.S. apology resolution 20th anniversary -- A resolution was introduced in the Hawaii legislature to commemorate the 20th anniversary of the U.S. apology resolution; and testimony was offered to the Hawaii legislature in the form of a substitute resolution explaining that the apology resolution is filled with falsehoods, has produced bad consequences, and should be repealed. Detailed footnotes provide extensive documentation proving that statements about history in the apology resolution are false, and proving that bad consequences predicted by opponents of the resolution have actually happened.

Lies told on the U.S. Senate Floor by Senators Inouye and Dorgan regarding the revolution of 1893, while pushing the Akaka Bill.

Book review of Kim Hunter (author) and Patti Carol (illustrator), "Ka Pu'uwai Hamama -- Volunteer Spirit" (Wai'anae, HI: One Voice Publications, May 2010). Numerous historical falsehoods are quoted and disproved. The author/publisher is urged to recall the book as a defective product poisonous to the souls of innocent readers.

The Lili'uokalani Cult -- A scary but true Halloween story. Hawaiian secessionists try to inspire winners for 21st Century battles by conjuring the ghosts of 19th Century losers.

Keanu Sai performance hosted by Professor Michelle Coleman, Middlesex University, London, October 15, 2019. Letter warning Professor Coleman she is sponsoring a political propaganda show associated with a financial scam involving new issue of Hawaiian Kingdom bonds. Coleman is urged to cross-examine Mr. Sai on several issues where his theory is factually false because of things he says and especially because of facts he fails to mention: There is a Treaty of Annexation; the Republic of Hawaii which freely offered the Treaty was internationally recognized as the rightful successor to the monarchial government; there was never a U.S. military takeover or occupation of Hawaii, nor any U.S. puppet regime. Detailed proofs of these points are provided so that Professor Coleman has ammunition to cross-examine Sai (unless she is actually his ally?) and the information can be given to attendees and to the general public to foster robust intellectual inquiry as a university should do.

Ken Conklin Ph.D. vs. Keanu Sai Ph.D. -- Dialog regarding Sai's presentation to a committee of the Maui County Council in May-June 2019 in which Sai relies on false assertions that Hawaii is under a continuous prolonged belligerent occupation by the United States from January 1893 to now; that the State of Hawaii is an illegitimate puppet regime; that therefore land titles in Hawaii are not valid.

So-called executive agreements between Hawaii Queen Liliuokalani and U.S. President Grover Cleveland -- the new Hawaiian history scam by Keanu Sai

Ken Conklin Ph.D. vs. Keanu Sai Ph.D. -- Dialog regarding a theory that Hawaii Queen Liliuokalani and U.S. President Grover Cleveland had executive agreements, still binding today, which would require the U.S. to disgorge Hawaii and recognize its continuing sovereign independence

Keanu Sai's Hawaiian history fantasies underlying his adventures with the International Criminal Court, the community of diplomats, and the Hawaii mortgage market. The alleged Liliuokalani Assignment, and the alleged Executive Agreement of Restoration. Rebuttal to Keanu Sai's presentation to retired Swiss diplomats.

Was the 1898 annexation illegal?

The Republic of Hawaii was created on July 4, 1894, with the publication of its Constitution. At least five native Hawaiians were delegates to the Constitutional Convention; and the Speaker of the House of Representatives of the Republic was native Hawaiian John Kaulukou. The full text of the Constitution, and information about the Constitutional Convention that produced it, are available at:
https://www.angelfire.com/planet/big60/RepubHawConst1894.html

The Lili'uokalani Cult -- A scary but true Halloween story (October 31, 2013). Hawaiian secessionists try to inspire winners for 21st Century battles by conjuring the ghosts of 19th Century losers. Five major propaganda events associated with Lili'uokalani's 175th birthday were sponsored by overthrow-deniers and annexation-deniers. Detailed reports and analyses of those events.

New York Times article of July 22, 1894 repeats a news report that arrived in San Francisco by ship from Honolulu; about the creation of the Republic of Hawaii on July 4, the huge multiracial crowd celebrating it, and the immediate informal recognition given to the Republic by U.S. Minister Willis and various local consuls from other nations. This pdf file was downloaded from the New York Times website at
http://query.nytimes.com/mem/archive-free/pdf?_r=1&res=9C05E1DF143EEF33A25751C2A9619C94659ED7CF
https://www.angelfire.com/big09a/RepublicNYT1894July22.pdf

Book review of Francis Boyle: "Restoring the Kingdom of Hawaii: The Kanaka Maoli Route to Independence" (Atlanta: Clarity Press, September 1, 2014)

Ian Lind vs. Mark Umi Perkins regarding whether it is proper to poke fun at pretenders to the non-existent Hawaiian throne, whether Hawaii remains an independent nation, and other arcane topics such as whether the Treaty of Annexation was properly ratified by joint resolution, whether Keanu Sai's Hague arbitration was a scam.

INTERNATIONAL RECOGNITION OF THE REPUBLIC OF HAWAII -- Emperors, Kings, Queens, Princes, and Presidents of at least 19 foreign nations personally signed formal letters of diplomatic recognition de jure, received by the Republic of Hawaii between July 1894 and January 1895. Those letters are available in the state Archives. Photographs of them have been placed on a webpage at
https://www.angelfire.com/big11a/RepublicLettersRecog.html
Historical significance and implications for statehood, Akaka bill, and ceded lands; are explained at
http://tinyurl.com/2pxqgz
along with a detailed example of the Hawaiian sovereignty lie that such letters do not exist.

(In)Significance of Hawaiian Kingdom Independence Day vs. Republic of Hawaii International Recognition

Treaty of Annexation between the Republic of Hawaii and the United States of America (1898). Full text of the treaty, and of the resolutions whereby the Republic of Hawaii legislature and the U.S. Congress ratified it. The politics surrounding the treaty, then and now.

Is there a Treaty of Annexation between Hawaii and the United States? Dialogs between Williamson Chang and Ken Conklin

Does an 1864 treaty between Switzerland and the Kingdom of Hawaii remain in effect? No. Does its historical existence prove that the Kingdom of Hawaii continues to exist and has international recognition as a sovereign nation? No. Hawaiian activists have asserted these lies for decades, twisting history to attack U.S. sovereignty in Hawaii. Examples of Leon Siu, Keanu Sai, Niklaus Schweizer regarding the Swiss treaty

The latest nonsense from Keanu Sai (April 2015). Does an 1864 treaty between Switzerland and the Kingdom of Hawaii remain in force, and can it be used as a basis for charging a Swiss banker with war crimes for foreclosing on a mortgage in Hawaii?

McKinley High School in Honolulu, regarding school name and statue -- Open letter to students, alumni, teachers, administrators, staff, community, and Board of Education explaining why the school's name and statue deserve to remain in place, and why a Hawaiian secessionist demand to remove them should be strongly rejected.

Newspaper propaganda blitzkrieg pushes proposal for a gambling casino on the Hawaiian Homelands in a State where any form of gambling is illegal and where there is no federally recognized Hawaiian tribe. The proposal is designed to create revenue for housing in racially exclusive ghettos but also to promote race-based political sovereignty.

3 Dialogs: Ken Conklin (plus several others) vs. Keokani Kipona Marciel (plus a couple serious supporters plus a troll). The main topic is the Treaty of Annexation between Hawaii and the U.S. (1898), but there is also some discussion about the Hawaiian revolution (1893). And then there's an off-topic debate over a troll's assertion that the Southern Poverty Law Center called Conklin a white racist.

Thurston Twigg-Smith, "Hawaiian Sovereignty: Do the Facts Matter?" (Honolulu, HI: Goodale Publishing, 1998). Mr. Twigg-Smith's entire book, including historical photos, can be downloaded free of charge at:
http://bigfiles90.angelfire.com/HawnSovDoFactsMatterTTS.pdf

July 4 is a triple holiday for Hawaii -- 1776, 1894, 1960 (including some internet links to important documents of the Republic of Hawaii, and district-by-district official results of the statehood vote of 1959 where 94.3% of voters said yes to statehood)

So-called executive agreements between Hawaii Queen Liliuokalani and U.S. President Grover Cleveland -- the new Hawaiian history scam by Keanu Sai

Keanu Sai's Hawaiian history fantasies underlying his adventures with the International Criminal Court, the community of diplomats, and the Hawaii mortgage market. Disproving the alleged Liliuokalani Assignment, and the alleged Executive Agreement of Restoration

Helping foreign diplomats understand the history of U.S. sovereignty in Hawaii and the legitimacy of the relationship between their nations and Hawaii. [Lawsuit against U.S. by a Hawaiian independence activist seeks to add foreign nations as defendants]

Keanu Sai got started in the Hawaiian sovereignty scam biz by proclaiming himself Regent pro-tem of the Kingdom of Hawai'i. He claimed land titles in Hawai'i are junk because the overthrow, annexation, and statehood were all illegal. He collected hundreds of thousands of dollars from hundreds of clients for bogus title searches and warranty deeds. He caused grief to property owners, messing up the real estate industry and mortgage banking for more than a year by filing bogus land title warranty deeds at the Bureau of Conveyances. On this page are a description of the process Mr. Sai followed to get himself established as Regent pro-tem, and a lengthy series of newspaper articles reporting the rise and fall of his "Perfect Title" company.

"Hawaii Divided Against Itself Cannot Stand" Major monograph by constitutional law scholar Bruce Fein opposing the Akaka bill, including a lengthy point-by-point rebuttal of the apology resolution. The essay can be downloaded in pdf format from this webpage, and can also be seen here as it appeared in three installments in the Congressional Record; along with three other major essays about the Akaka bill by Fein that were also published in the Congressional record.

Who Owns The Crown Lands of Hawaii? -- Book by Professor Jon Van Dyke, book review by attorney Paul M. Sullivan, and links to some related materials available on the internet.

Sanford Ballard Dole -- Elected Legislator and Appointed Supreme Court Justice of the Kingdom of Hawai'i; President of the Provisional Government and of the Republic of Hawai'i; Governor of the Territory of Hawai'i, and Presiding Judge of the U.S. District Court for the Territory of Hawai'i
Note that President (then Governor) Dole was "ruling chief" of Hawaii at Iolani Palace for almost eleven continuous years (January 17, 1893 to November 23, 1903) -- a longer time ruling from the Palace than any other King, Queen, President, or Governor. So where is his statue (or even portrait painting)?

Honoring Hawaii's only President, Sanford B. Dole, on his 170th Birthday, April 23, 2014

Unconquerable Rebel: Robert W. Wilcox and Hawaiian Politics, 1880-1903 by Ernest Andrade, Jr. -- notes taken by Ken Conklin on topics of importance regarding current Hawaiian sovereignty issues

Dr. Sun Yat-sen and his views about Hawaiian sovereignty. Details about his adolescent years at Iolani and Punahou schools in Honolulu (1879 - 1883), factors in the formation of his character, and his five additional extended visits to Hawaii to found revolutionary societies, raise money, and recruit followers, ending in 1910. In 1911 the revolution he led was successful in toppling the 2000 year monarchy in China. Sun became President of the Provisional Government and then the first President of the Republic of China. In doing so he followed the same revolutionary career path as another Punahou student had followed 18 years previously. Sanford B. Dole, a native-born subject of the Hawaiian Kingdom, was a member of the Kingdom legislature and a Justice of the Kingdom's Supreme Court, but resigned before the Hawaiian revolution in order to become President of the Provisional Government and of the Republic of Hawaii. Sun was present in Hawaii, founding revolutionary societies, raising money, and gathering recruits, at the same time Dole was leading the Hawaiian revolution. It seems reasonable to guess that Sun was inspired by Dole.

Book Review of: Noenoe Silva, "Aloha Betrayed: Native Hawaiian Resistance to American Colonialism"

Was Hawaiian language ever illegal in Hawai'i? Was Hawaiian language illegal in the schools? The truth about this malicious claim.

Holding the State of Hawaii Department of Education accountable for propagating the lie that Hawaiian language was banned. Dawn Kau'ilani Sang, Director of the Office of Hawaiian Education, stonewalls and doesn't correct two-page webpage proclaiming that lie in three places, despite lengthy, detailed, irrefutable proof it is false. Superintendent Matayoshi refuses to make corrections. Email sent to all members of Board of Education. Full text of all communications, including news reporter and editor who cited the DOE webpage as authority for refusing to correct that falsehood in published newspaper article.

The Goebbels Award For Outstanding Use of Media for Propaganda Disguised As Fact -- awarded jointly to Director of Hawaiian Studies Dawn Kau'ilani Sang, Superintendent Kathryn Matayoshi, and the Hawaii Department of Education; for refusing to correct a scurrilous falsehood on their website and in their curriculum despite being provided with massive irrefutable proof that it is false.

The Goebbels Award For Outstanding Use of Media for Propaganda Disguised As Fact -- awarded jointly to PBS-Hawaii and Leslie Wilcox, its President and CEO; for refusing to correct a racially inflammatory falsehood about the alleged banning of Hawaiian language in the schools of Hawaii. The falsehood was asserted repeatedly in advertisements through email, televised teasers, and website announcements ahead of an INSIGHTS panel discussion televised live on March 28, 2019 regarding the history and revival of Hawaiian language; and was also asserted by panelists during the discussion.

Are kanaka maoli entitled to reparations? (a lengthy legal argument by attorney Patrick Hanifin)

Does the U.S. Owe Hawaiians Anything? (informal short essay from 2000)

Twisting History -- Reverend Kaleo Patterson Cites 112 Year Old Joke as Fact And Launches Media Blitz -- National Day of Prayer set for April 30, 2006 (and again 2007 and 2008) to support ethnic Hawaiian economic and political causes, based on fake 1894 proclamation attributed to President Grover Cleveland
In anticipation of Kaleo Patterson once again seeking publicity in 2008 for this bogus holiday based on a historical falsehood, the following April Fools flyer was circulated in Hawaii, New Jersey, and elsewhere:
http://bigfiles90.angelfire.com/AprilFoolsGroverClevelandHawResoFlyer.pdf

The Goebbels Award For Outstanding Use of Media for Propaganda Disguised As Fact -- Honolulu Star-Bulletin Wednesday April 23 2008, page 2 (The newspaper falsely stated that President Grover Cleveland signed a proclamation in 1894 that set April 30th as a day of prayer and remembrance for Queen Liliuokalani and the overthrown monarchy of Hawaii; and the newspaper refused to publish a correction despite being given proof of falsehood).

Official report of the U.S. Commission on Civil Rights opposing the Akaka bill, May 5, 2006. Written testimony of four expert panelists includes discussion of important issues regarding the history of Hawai'i.

S.66, the Native Hawaiian Health Care Improvement bill in the 112th Congress -- Reauthorizing an ineffective but socially dangerous pork-barrel waste of taxpayer dollars. S.66 contains virtually the same false and twisted historical and legal claims as in S1929 from ten years previously! But the refutations have now been expanded, with more footnotes.

HCR107 in the Hawaii legislature of 2011 -- A resolution establishing a joint legislative investigating committee to investigate the status of two executive agreements entered into in 1893 between United States President Grover Cleveland and Queen Liliuokalani of the Hawaiian Kingdom, called the Liliuokalani assignment and the agreement of restoration. The resolution itself describes the alleged executive agreements and authorizes the commission to subpoena witnesses and documents. Testimony against the resolution refutes some of the historical and legal claims, and explains why this resolution is both ridiculous and dangerous.

HR258 and HCR293 in the Hawaii legislature of 2011 -- A resolution to rip the Treaty of Annexation out of the hand of President McKinley in his statue in front of McKinley High School

Lili'uokalani v. United States, 45 Ct Cl. 418, 1910. In 1909 ex-queen Lili'uokalani filed a lawsuit against the United States demanding payment for the lands of the Kingdom of Hawaii which had been ceded to the United States at the time of annexation. The court ruled against her in 1910. Her claim is interesting partly because she did not challenge the legitimacy of the revolution or annexation; and indeed the court's ruling specifically included the full text of the treaty of annexation offered by the Republic of Hawaii and accepted in a joint resolution by the U.S. Congress. Her claim is also interesting because she never asserted that the ceded lands belonged communally to ethnic Hawaiians; rather she claimed the lands belonged to her personally.

Prince Jonah Kuhio Kalanianaole -- Just how princely was he? (Kuhio was absent from his nation for many years on an adventure trip during the crucial period in the late 1890s leading to annexation; and he filed a lawsuit in 1915 to have Liliuokalani declared mentally incompetent so he could steal her Waikiki lands she had set aside for her Childrens Trust)

Correcting some of the errors in Niklaus Schweizer's history of Prince Kuhio and the Royal Hawaiian Band. He portrayed Kuhio as 'a gallant Hawaiian prince' but did not mention that Kuhio fought in a war on the side of British colonialists in Africa, and tried to have Liliuokalani declared mentally incompetent so he could steal her land. Schweizer asserted that there was an executive agreement between U.S. President Cleveland and Queen Liliuokalani to restore the Hawaiian monarchy -- a gratuitous assertion that is false and also irrelevant to the history of Kuhio or the band.

A series of Hawaiian sovereignty public forums in 2014 -- A small group of independence activists uses deceptive advertising to make a one-sided propaganda circus seem to be an open and honest discussion, tells falsehoods about Hawaii history as though they are true, and allows no rebuttal.

JONAH KUHIO KALANIANAOLE v. LILIUOKALANI, Supreme Court of Hawaii, 23 Haw. 457; 1916. (Court-approved syllabus and complete text of ruling)

Was Hawaiian language ever illegal in Hawai'i? Was Hawaiian language illegal in the schools? (Claim is based on a law passed by the Republic of Hawaii in 1896 clarifying the requirements a "school" must meet to be certified as satisfying the compulsory attendance law) The truth about this malicious claim.

Protesting a PBS-Hawaii 150-minute double feature anti-American anti-haole propaganda panel discussion and film broadcast on November 16, 2023, focusing on the 1893 revolution that overthrew the Hawaiian monarchy and the 1898 joint resolution by both the U.S. Senate and U.S. House to accept the treaty of annexation offered by the Republic of Hawaii. Protest message to President/CEO Ron Mizutani, and full text of his newsletter of November 10 announcing the event.

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Statehood (1959) and today's secessionist challenges to it

HAWAI'I STATEHOOD: The History of the Struggle to Achieve Statehood, and Current Challenges. Large webpage has subpages including: a statehood day celebration resolution from 2002 and 2003 which contained a list of the milestones in the 110 year history of efforts to achieve statehood from 1849 to 1959; Governor Cayetano's outstanding Statehood Day message of 2002 and Governor Lingle's ineffective one from 2003; and a blatantly secessionist resolution passed by the state Senate in 2001 and thereafter delivered to the United Nations.

"I have a dream" -- for Hawaii, 50 years later (Recalling Martin Luther King's speech, and how his dream applies to Hawaii in 2013)

Hawai'i's Great Statehood Petition of February 1954 had 120,000 signatures gathered in 2 weeks on a petition for statehood for Hawai'i. A huge roll of newsprint was unrolled for a block in downtown Honolulu for people to sign the petition. Two weeks later a sendoff celebration was held at �Iolani Palace including chants, hula, kahili, and torch bearers before sending the 250 pound petition to Congress. Quotes are provided from 1954 newspaper articles, and photo captions, describing the events of those two weeks. Information is provided about what has happened to the petition and where it is stored today. The contents of one signature page are provided including 32 names and addresses.

STATEHOOD VOTE OF 1959: There were 132,773 votes "yes" and 7971 votes "no" for an astonishing 94.3% "yes" vote. For those who like to say ethnic Hawaiians were opposed to Statehood: Do the math. If 20% of the voters were ethnic Hawaiians, that would mean there were 28,149 votes cast by ethnic Hawaiians = 20% out of the total 140,744. Supposing ALL the 7971 "no" votes had been cast by ethnic Hawaiians; then there were still 20,178 "yes" votes from ethnic Hawaiians, representing 72% of the 28,149 ethnic Hawaiian votes. The vote count was also broken down by individual representative district. The district with the highest percentage of ethnic Hawaiians -- sparsely-populated Moloka'i -- had 1904 "yes" and 75 "no" for a 96.2% "yes" vote -- the highest percentage among all the 17 districts. A 3-page pdf file (unfortunately 5.4 Megabytes!) shows the statistics as certified by Hawaii Chief Elections Officer Dwayne Yoshina in his letter dated January 7, 2000:
https://www.angelfire.com/planet/big60/HawaiiStateHoodVote.pdf

Dialog: Was there widespread, significant, organized opposition to Hawaii statehood by ethnic Hawaiians during the 1950s?
During August 2009 the Honolulu Advertiser published a series of articles by staff reporter Michael Tsai regarding the 50th anniversary of Hawaii statehood. One of those articles, on August 9, 2009, described Native Hawaiian opposition to statehood during the 1950s, including the question whether opposition was widespread, significant, or organized. This article reinforced the attitudes of the Hawaiian sovereignty activists who like to call Hawaii a "fake state." They like to say that in the 1950s there was strong opposition to statehood among ethnic Hawaiians, despite oppression which caused all of them except the powerful or affluent (like Alice Campbell) to remain silent.
In response, blogger Andrew Walden, editor of Hawaii Free Press, published a rebuttal on August 21, 2009 showing that the Advertiser article had misunderstood or actually twisted the facts about the testimony of Alice Campbell and other so-called opposition by Native Hawaiians.
Both articles are copied here:
https://www.angelfire.com/big09/DialogHawnOpposStatehood1950s.html

Here is Governor Cayetano's excellent 2002 Statehood Day message to the people of Hawaii, proclaimed near the end of his final year in office. He expresses great pride in Hawaii's diversity, unity, and equality; and the fact that we are Americans.

Hawaii Statehood Day 2005 -- No celebration on any island, but an anti-statehood rally was attempted on Maui, led by Charles Kauluwehi Maxwell, who was at that time Chair of the Hawaii Advisory Committee to the U.S. Commission on Civil Rights and also a strong advocate for the Akaka bill.

Celebration of Statehood Day 2006 in Hawai'i turned ugly. The 47th anniversary celebration of Hawai'i statehood, at the Capitol of the former Territory, was disrupted by Hawaiian sovereignty activists using a sound-system, bullhorns, and direct in-your-face yelling as the celebration was about to get underway. First to be targeted by the terrorists were the high school students who are members of the band invited to perform -- as they sat seated with their instruments, ready to play patriotic songs, numerous protesters walked right up to them, shouting and cursing, while the bullhorn warned there would be trouble and they should leave. Needless to say, their parent-chaperones escorted them to the bus. Then the goon-squad turned attention to the legitimate participants in the celebration, standing nose-to-nose while yelling loudly and continuously; cursing, spitting, coming between celebrants, and surrounding individuals while telling them to leave and to take their American flags with them because this is not America. For details, see:
https://www.angelfire.com/planet/bigfiles40/statehoodday2006.html

Statehood Day and Queen's Birthday, 2006 -- Which Is More Appropriate To Celebrate At Iolani Palace (Or At All)? [Essay includes information about Wilcox rebellion of 1889 and Wilcox attempted counter-revolution of 1895, and documented statements by Liliuokalani acknowledging that annexation was the best thing that could have happened for her people.]

Hawaii Statehood Day August 17, 2007 -- Holiday hijacked by Hawaiian sovereignty activists, with cooperation of state government officials, for celebration of 125th anniversary of Iolani Palace; Zero celebration of Statehood

Honolulu City Council resolution 22-262 being written and approved during 2023 urges the city administration to formally recognize and observe November 28th as La Ku'oko'a, Hawaiian Independence Day. Modern revival of an archaic holiday from the Kingdom of Hawaii [1843] seems harmless but conveys secessionist attitude, race-nationalism, and demands for reparations; similar to 30 years of hassles from 1993 apology resolution.

BOOK REVIEW OF Aran Alton Ardaiz, Hawaii -- The Fake State (A Manifesto and Expose of a Nation in Captivity). Hawaiian Islands, Truth Of God Ministry, 2008. [review includes a well-documented narrative of major events leading to statehood, to rebut the book's claims that the state is illegitimate]

President Trump speech on Constitution Day 2020: excerpts directly related to Hawaii. Links to webpages about Hawaii K-12 schooling and University of Hawaii relevant to Trump warning about Marxism, critical race theory, Black Lives Matter, and rioting.

Proposed new rules for Iolani Palace and grounds -- testimony to DLNR offered by Ken Conklin in honor of Statehood Day, August 15, 2008

Hawaii King Akahi Nui -- His coronation at Iolani Palace in 1998 and how he fits in with others claiming power

Iolani Palace and the Golden Jubilee of Hawaii Statehood. The Palace was the Capitol of the Republic of Hawaii (1894-1898), Territory of Hawaii (1898-1959), and State of Hawaii (1959-1968), where the transition to Statehood took place in 1959. But the state government is now prohibiting use of the Palace for jubilee celebration due to threats from secessionists and concerns for political correctness.

The Hawaii Annexation Resolution (1898) and the Hawaii Apology Resolution (1993) -- Do they have the force of law?

Hawaii begins to create a state-recognized tribe. SB1520 passed the legislature on May 3, 2011, and was signed by Governor Abercrombie on July 6, 2011 to become Act 195. Why did they do it? What happens now?

The Office of Hawaiian Affairs is a state government agency, despite its claims to the contrary. The status of OHA has important implications for the illegality of the proposed federally recognized Akaka tribe and the Act 195 state recognized tribe.

History of modern Hawaii as taught in Hawaii schools

Department of Interior attempt to create a Hawaiian tribe and give it federal recognition through administrative rule-making -- Federal Register Advance Notice of Proposed Rulemaking and how to find all submitted written testimony

Testimony of Kenneth Conklin to Department of Interior opposing attempt to create Hawaiian tribe and give it federal recognition through administrative rule-making -- 14 sections totaling 100 pages, in pdf format

4 U.S. Senators letter to Secretary of Interior Sally Jewell objecting to administrative rulemaking to create a Hawaiian tribe; on official stationery with signatures.

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The 7 best testimonies against the Department of Interior proposal to create a Hawaiian tribe and give it federal recognition (the 60-day comment period ended August 19, 2014). The DOI proposal is at
http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-2014-06-20/pdf/2014-14430.pdf
At least 2069 written comments were submitted. A large majority were opposed to the Department of Interior proposal. The following seven testimonies are especially valuable in opposition because they explicitly rely upon the fundamental principles of racial equality and the unity of all Hawaii's people under the undivided sovereignty of the State of Hawaii. Items (1), (3), (4), and (5) contain significant historical information and legal arguments with extensive documentation.
(1) Kenneth R. Conklin of the Center for Hawaiian Sovereignty Studies
http://www.regulations.gov/#!documentDetail;D=DOI-2014-0002-0887
and
http://big09.angelfire.com/ConklinTestmnyDOI081514RulesChangeHawnTribe.pdf
(2) Keli'i Akina, President, Grassroot Institute of Hawaii
http://big09.angelfire.com/ANPRMopposeGRIHKeliiAkina.pdf
(3) Hans A. von Spakovsky of The Heritage Foundation
http://thf_media.s3.amazonaws.com/2014/pdf/LM136.pdf
and
http://big09.angelfire.com/ANPRMopposeHeritageVonSpakovsky.pdf
(4) Paul M. Sullivan
http://big09.angelfire.com/ANPRMopposePaulSullivan.pdf
(5) H.W. Burgess
http://big09.angelfire.com/ANPRMopposeHWBurgess.pdf
(6) Sandra Puanani Burgess
http://big09.angelfire.com/ANPRMopposeSandraPuananiBurgess.pdf
(7) Jack Miller
http://big09.angelfire.com/ANPRMopposeJackMiller.pdf

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Department of Interior Notice of Proposed Rulemaking for federal recognition of a Hawaiian tribe -- Fall 2015 announcement, full text of proposed regulation, and how to submit comments

Ken Conklin's 134 pages of testimony on November 26, 2015 in opposition to the Department of Interior Notice of Proposed Rulemaking to give federal recognition to a Hawaiian tribe.

For 17 years this website has compiled indexes and full text, in chronological order, of all significant legislation, news reports and commentaries related to efforts to create a state-recognized ethnic Hawaiian tribe and efforts to get federal recognition through administrative rule changes, executive order, or Congressional legislation.
For the 114th Congress, 2015-2016, the history webpage is at
http://big11a.angelfire.com/AkakaHist114thCong.html
History of efforts to get official government recognition of ethnic Hawaiians as a political entity or Indian tribe -- a narrative summary covering 17 years 2000 through 2016, broken into two-year Congressional periods. Each "Congress" has a link to an index for that two year period, broken into sub-indexes in chronological order, linking to webpages providing full text of news reports, commentary, and lawsuits regarding the Akaka bill in Congress, stealth maneuvers by Senator Inouye, Obama Department of Interior regulatory process, Hawaii legislature bills and resolutions, etc.
http://big11a.angelfire.com/AkakaHistSummary2000to2016.html
The months of October, November and December 2015 were especially active, including rulemaking by the U.S. Department of Interior to be prepared to recognize a Hawaiian tribe, an election of delegates to a race-based convention to create a governing document for a Hawaiian tribe, and a lawsuit by Grassroot Institute and Judicial Watch to block the election. The U.S. Supreme Court issued an injunction blocking the counting of votes or reporting of results of the election.
The subpage for October is at
https://www.angelfire.com/big11a/AkakaHist2015StartOct1.html
The subpage for November is at
https://www.angelfire.com/big11a/AkakaHist2015StartNov1.html
The subpage for December 2015 is at
https://www.angelfire.com/big11a/AkakaHist2015December.html

Papahanaumokuakea National Monument: Memo to Interior Secretary Ryan Zinke urging him to rescind the addition of OHA as co-trustee and to rescind racially exclusive rights for access for Native Hawaiians for religious and cultural activities. Acknowledging the historical and continuing presence of bones, and religious and cultural activities, of Asians and Caucasians.

Memo to Ryan Zinke, Secretary of U.S. Department of Interior, asking him to repeal 43CFR50 -- Procedures for reestablishing a formal government-to-government relationship with the Native Hawaiian community. This is in response to Secretary Zinke's request for comments to help identify federal regulations to be rescinded or modified as part of President Trump effort to streamline government and make America great again.

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Broader historical topics such as: Critical Race Theory Hawaiian-Style; alleged indigenous status of ethnic Hawaiians; the growth of citizenship and voting rights in Hawaii; full partnership for Caucasians and Asians; Kingdom holidays then and now; alleged banning of Hawaiian language; ownership of the ceded lands; whether Hawaii citizens of Asian ancestry have a duty to subordinate themselves to ethnic Hawaiians and help throw off the yoke of American colonialism; History of the political and legal battle between Rice v. Cayetano and the Akaka bill during the period from 1996 to 2010.

New July 4, 2021: Critical Race Theory Hawaiian-Style: A Peculiar Ideological Combination Alleges Actual Native Hawaiian Victimhood; Asserts Native Hawaiian Inherent Racial Supremacy; Expresses Anti-U.S. and Anti-White Hostility; and Demands Asians in Hawaii to Ally with Native Hawaiians in the Interest of Social Justice.

* New January 21, 2019: How Kamehameha School bribes other schools to be partners in racial segregation

* New September 6, 2018: Senator Mazie Hirono (D,HI) vs. Supreme Court nominee Brett Kavanaugh re Hawaiian racial entitlement programs and converting a racial group into a federally recognized tribe. Includes links to Kavanaugh's 1999 Wall Street Journal article and Kavanaugh's 1999 lengthy, heavily footnoted amicus brief in Rice v. Cayetano.

Tenth anniversary of U.S. Supreme Court decision in Rice v. Cayetano. The February 23, 2000 decision in Hawaii's most important civil rights lawsuit spurred a decade of additional civil rights lawsuits against government and private race-based programs, and prompted racial separatists to seek protection for those programs through the Hawaiian Government Reorganization bill (Akaka bill) now pending in Congress.

Corboy: Hawaii lawsuit against racial discrimination in property tax rates. [This lawsuit cites language in the Rice v. Cayetano decision which ruled that "native Hawaiian" is a racial category; and therefore Corboy argues it is contrary to the 14th Amendment Equal Protection clause for Hawaii counties to give property tax exemptions or huge reductions to all leaseholders on the lands of the Hawaiian Homes Commission Act of 1921, where federal and state law requires all those leaseholders to have a minimum Hawaiian native blood quantum.]

The role of religion in Hawaiian history and sovereignty. How the ancient native Hawaiian religion is being revived to serve the political goal of establishing race-based sovereignty. How the native religion and Christian religion shaped culture and politics in the Kingdom of Hawaii. Compilation of selected webpages and books.

The rise and fall of Christianity in Hawaiian politics. Ethnic Hawaiian race-nationalists are currently rejecting Christianity and reviving their ancient Pagan religion as a political weapon to assert racial supremacy over government decision-making and land ownership. Something similar happened in the 1800s. A movie released December 6, 2019 portrays a heroic native Hawaiian chiefess publicly defying the volcano goddess Pele and invoking the Christian God to stop lava from destroying Hilo in 1824; but in 1881 a powerful native Hawaiian princess saved Hilo by publicly praying to Pele after Christian missionaries and their followers had failed to stop the lava.

These two webpages were released as a pair, on May 1, 2016 in honor of the nationwide celebration of Law Day and the Hawaii celebration of Lei Day.
Hawaiian religious fascism. A twisted version of a beautiful creation legend provides the theological basis for a claim that ethnic Hawaiians are entitled to racial supremacy in the governance and cultural life of the Hawaiian islands.
and
The Aloha Spirit. How aloha for all, manifested in the twin pillars of unity and equality, can overcome Hawaiian religious fascism which is the theological basis for a claim to racial supremacy.

Are ethnic Hawaiians indigenous to Hawai'i? Would the status of being indigenous give them special rights?

Are ethnic Hawaiians an Indian Tribe? Open letter to State legislators. Federal Criteria for Recognition of Tribal Status.

Did Nona Beamer invent the term Hawaiiana? Minor falsehood told by a revered kupuna, therefore adopted as authoritative truth, gets repeatedly broadcast and then made into movie distributed worldwide 13 years later. A case study showing how falsehoods get spawned and perpetuated in Native Hawaiian narratives about history. How doubting kupuna narratives undermines Hawaiian epistemology.

Native(?) Hawaiian Gathering Rights(?) Attorney Paul M. Sullivan's extensive legal analysis of the underlying issues in the PASH case, with 371 hot-linked footnotes.

Mauna Kea 2015: Sacred Place; Political Pawn; Profane Demagoguery; Recreational Activism. Includes a review of legal decisions and historical events confirming that Mauna Kea, as part of the ceded lands, belongs to all Hawaii's people without racial distinction. Thus ethnic Hawaiians collectively or individually have no special right to collect rent for telescopes on Mauna Kea nor to control access to Mauna Kea. Includes information about how ancient Hawaiians had a rock quarry and adze factory near the summit of Mauna Kea, digging into the ground and using Mauna Kea for commercial activity.

On September 27, 2018 Ken Conklin submitted testimony regarding proposed rules for Public and Commercial Activities on Mauna Kea Lands. A short summary of the testimony lists 4 fundamental principles of unity and equality, two conclusions, and topics of specific rules that are analyzed.
The summary is at
https://tinyurl.com/yccvmtwy
The complete 18 page testimony is at
https://tinyurl.com/y8vse4k2

Mauna Kea Master Plan, testimony for University of Hawaii Board of Regents meeting of January 20, 2022

September 7, 2022 TMT Mauna Kea testimony, 53 pages; is intended to debunk and discredit two racially divisive and politically diversionary claims asserted by TMT opponents. The false claims are: (1) Native Hawaiians, as a group, regard Mauna Kea as a sacred place which would be desecrated by TMT; (2) Native Hawaiians are an indigenous people whose genealogical relationship to Hawaii's 'aina (land, sea, air) gives them an inherent right to govern Hawaii and especially to have decision-making political power over land-use decisions.

Indigenous Intellectual Property Rights -- The General Theory, and Why It Does Not Apply in Hawai'i

Kamehameha vs. Akaka -- Kamehameha unified Hawai'i 200 years ago; Akaka bill's main purpose is to divide Hawai'i (includes history of Kamehameha Day holiday; lack of certainty about Kamehameha's birthdate within a range of 25 years; Battle of Nu'uanu Pali and Herb Kane's painting of it and Adair's political cartoon based on it; newspaper advertisement comparing Kamehameha's unification of a multiracial Hawai'i against divisiveness of Akaka bill)

June 11, 2009 (Kamehameha Day): What Kamehameha hath joined together, let not Akaka rip asunder

Updated June 11, 2010: Kamehameha Day 2010 -- What Kamehameha hath joined together, let not Akaka rip asunder

Honolulu City Council resolution proposed in April 2010 to support the Akaka bill, and detailed testimony against it, and a proposed substitute resolution opposing the Akaka bill

The role of Alaska Native Corporations in pushing the Akaka bill -- Ken Conklin's short review of this topic as a followup to investigative reporter Jim Dooley's lengthy and detailed analysis of the recent history of federal contract preferences for ethnic Hawaiian companies and the role of Alaska Native Corporations in Hawaii's economy. Webpage includes both Dooley's entire report and Conklin's extension of it.

Henry Opukaha'ia (Obookiah) -- Native Hawaiian Travels to New England in 1809, Converts to Christianity, and Persuades Yale Divinity Students to Come to Hawai'i as Missionaries in 1820 to Rescue His People From Their Heathen Beliefs and Lifestyle

"NATIVE OF OWHYHEE" FEATURE FILM ON 'OLELO TV. It's available now "on demand" to anyone throughout the world, and will be broadcast at least 4 times on TV in Honolulu during October and November 2011. The film describes how Hawaiian natives at Yale invited the missionaries who came in 1820, and the cooperative blending of cultures which resulted. This webpage provides details about the film, the broadcast schedule, and how to view it "on demand."

Saint Damien, the Leprosy Colony on Molokai, Hawaiian Sovereignty, and the Akaka Bill. Sovereign monarchs of the Hawaiian Kingdom badly abused the victims of leprosy. Today Damien, the patron saint of Native Hawaiians, would not be allowed to join the Akaka tribe.

Caucasians and Asians were historically full partners in Hawai'i, not merely second-class guests.