Child Rearing in the 16-18th centuries

Back to essay index

Pic of some kid i got from an online store

							   Throughout the sixteenth to eighteenth centuries the parental attitudes 
                           toward childhood and the upraising thereof changed dramatically, going from 
                           the Calvinist belief that children are mainly ‘evil’ and that they should be 
                           punished to the liberal idea that a parent must provide a healthy physical 
                           and psychological environment. 
                               During the sixteenth century it was believed that children were bad by 
                           nature and would by their fundamental devilishness corrupt the entire 
                           household. According to Calvinist doctrine a human is not born good but is 
                           made so through education. Thus parents had the duty to restrain and punish 
                           the child. It was not at all uncommon for a parent to punch his child in 
                           retribution for a ‘bad deed’; another common beating utensil was the rod, 
                           which was generally preferred to such things as pitchforks, shovels or other 
                           tools of everyday activities.  Also the fashion for newborns was all in 
                           conformity, if anything seemed ‘out of the usual’ (i.e. left handed kids or 
                           having a bent limb) swaddling took place. Swaddling is the practice of 
                           disabling or wrapping a kid up by the use of cloth.  Due to the agricultural 
                           aspect of life in the sixteenth century mothers were unable to devote their 
                           time and so they sent their kids of to a wet nurse.  Among the rich many of 
                           these practices were ‘in’, but usually on a less drastic level. Aristocratic 
                           mothers usually used wet nurses but for convenience not out of necessity.   
                               As time passed into the seventeenth century the belief system as related to 
                           children changed also and so did the ways of taking care of them.  Now the 
                           young spawn of humankind were viewed as basically innocent and being in 
                           ignorance of evil they were happy and forgiving.  Albeit beating was still 
                           common it was generally encouraged that the parent should subdue the child 
                           through love and not sheep power. It was still believed that the child 
                           should be denied just not reprimanded for having wanted something.  Wet 
                           nursing was a practice that, due to the belief that it was a mother’s 
                           natural duty to nurse her child, was starting to wane. 
                               During the eighteenth century, kids were viewed as sacks of joy that were 
                           to be treated as kindly as possible.  Nursing had become common due to the 
                           beginning of the Industrial Revolution and the ongoing Agricultural 
                           Revolution which enabled the mothers to spend more time on rearing their 
                           children. Beating, although still practiced by the lower classes, was 
                           abominated by the aristocracy.  As in older times wrapping a child up in 
                           lots of pointless things was still done but in smaller quantities thus not 
                           fracturing as many bones. The general trend now was to provide the child 
                           with a happy and healthy environment and give the child an example it could 
                           follow.