You will need a scale that measures in small increments—1/8 oz., 1/4 oz., or grams.

how to prepare for feeding:
First, wash your hands, preferably with antibacterial soap. This is especially important if you handle other cats before you feed the babies. Mix the dry powder with water according to directions on the container, or pour small amount of liquid formula into a cup. Fill a bowl with the warmest tap water available and put the cup in it. Or, if you are bottle feeding, place bottle in bowl of warm water. Test warmth in a few minutes by dripping a few drops on your wrist. The formula should be body temperature or slightly warm. Do not microwave the formula to warm it.

how to feed:
(You might want to let the mother cat out of the kitten room [not outdoors!] while you are feeding the kittens if she seems upset.) Roll the towel into a log and place the cloth napkin on top of it. (The napkin will prevent the kitten's nails from getting caught.) Take the first kitten out of the nesting box. Set him on the towel so that his body is on an incline and pet him to keep him warm and calm him down. Use the bottle or eyedropper to give the kitten a little bit of milk at a time, just a few drops the very first time. Allow the kitten to swallow the milk before offering more. Inserting the eyedropper at the side of the mouth seemed to work best for me. Pet him to encourage him to swallow the formula. Do not overwhelm the kitten with formula. If you feed too much formula at once, some milk may go into his lungs, causing the kitten to choke and this may lead to fatal pneumonia. If kitten chokes on milk, immediately place him on his stomach on an incline so his head is lower than his posterior. Pat him on his back to help him drain his lungs. Monitor him for signs of pnuemonia—coughing, wheezing, fluid draining from eyes, nose and mouth, difficulty breathing and lethargy.

how much to feed:
Feed 3-4 times a day, spread out as well as you can. Start out with 1/2 ml or so for the first attempt. You can feed the kitten more than that if he will take it, but he probably won't. Increase the amount per feeding only if weight gain of 1/3 ounce or more per day is not attained, or if the kitten seems eager to consume more.

burping and litter box training:
Place kitten on your shoulder and pat him gently on his back. Massage his back and body to aid digestion and provide warmth.

The mother cat will probably lick their bottoms to induce elimination. If she doesn't, you will need to do it yourself, because they must go. Here's a link for elimination: raising orphans. After three weeks, the kittens will be able to control elimination. Place them in a litter pan/cake pan with low sides after each feeding. Encourage digging by digging around yourself. They probably won’t go at first, but in a week or two they will catch on. (Note: your kittens would probably figure out how to use the litterbox without you showing them, but better safe than sorry.)

weaning:
You will need to supplementally feed your kittens until they are weaned and therefore able to eat enough food on their own. Click here to go to the weaning section.