After Benedict Arnold, Thomas Hutchinson was probably the most vilified figure of the Revolutionary era. He served as Chief Justice of the Supreme Court and then Governor of Massachusetts and figured, in one way or another, in each of the dramas that beset Boston in the 1760s and early `70s.
During the Stamp Act riots, Hutchinson's house was destroyed by a mob, which mistakingly assumed that he had supported the measure. He was acting governor of Massachusetts when the Boston Massacre took place. He was governor during the Tea Party and prompted the dumping by obstinately insisting that the tea remain in the harbor for unloading.
In his famous stolen letters, which fell, by way of Benjamin Franklin, into the hands of patriots in Boston, Hutchinson wrote little that he hadn't already expressed publicly. But the most well-known passage--- "It is better to submit to some abridgement of our rights [as Americans], than to break off our connection with our protector, England"---damned him forever in patriot eyes.
Hutchinson's was only the most notable version of a familiar story during the American Revolution. Those who remained loyal to England and the King found themselves on the losing side of history. And for this, many of them paid a terrible price.
Active loyalists (above, Hanging in Effigy) comprised probably 1/5 of the American population during the Revolution. They were a diverse lot who tended to either have strong ties to England and the Crown (Anglican ministers, for instance, or British appointed officials like Hutchinson), or some sort of long-established animosity toward the colonial leadership (in the south, back-country Scots tended to remain loyal because they hated the seaboard "establishment").
During the war, many loyalists stayed close to the British army. A great many clung to New York because the British held that city for much of the war. Perhaps as many 100,000 loyalists left the country after the revolution, many winding up in Canada.
