Here are charts presenting basic information on the rulers of European kingdoms and empires covering approximately the past one thousand years. My principal source for these lists is the book Lines of Succession: Heraldry of the Royal Families of Europe (1991) by Jiri Louda and Michael Maclagan, from which the order of the countries below is also derived.
England/Great Britain (Scotland)
Denmark
Norway
Sweden
Netherlands
Belgium
Spain
France
Holy Roman Empire/Austria-Hungary
Bohemia (now Czech Republic)
Hungary
Prussia/Germany (Bavaria, Hanover, Saxony, Württemberg)
Portugal
Sardinia/Italy (Two Sicilies)
Poland
Russia
Greece
Serbia/Yugoslavia (including Montenegro)
Romania
Bulgaria
European Sovereigns Today
European Sovereigns Today with Consorts and Heirs
European Sovereigns Today If Monarchies Were Restored
European Sovereigns 75 Years Ago
European Sovereigns 100 Years Ago
European Sovereigns 125 Years Ago
European Sovereigns 150 Years Ago
European Sovereigns 175 Years Ago
European Sovereigns 200 Years Ago
European Sovereigns 250 Years Ago
European Sovereigns 300 Years Ago
Nine Kings 1910
Leading Monarchs of the World 1908
Belle Époque Rulers
Selected Royal Anniversaries
Home