Thursday, April 4: In a conversation about weekend plans, Suky mentions that
she might be going hiking on the 21st, but then stops herself. "Oh," she
says, "but that's Yu-jin's wedding. Are you going?"
I'm at a loss. The director of our institute is getting married? This is the
first I've heard of it. "Are we supposed to go?" I ask.
"Oh, you didn't know about the wedding?" Suky asks. Then she turns to James,
the assistant director, and asks him in English whether she can tell
me about Yu-jin's wedding. Halfway through, she catches herself and switches
to Korean. In English, James says that she can go ahead.
According to Suky, all of the teachers at ECC are invited. She knows this
because Sally, the Korean lady who manages the front desk upstairs, has told
her. Of course, as with virtually all information that percolates through
ECC, no one is sure about anything did Yu-jin actually say anything that
would indicate that we've been invited, or did Sally just find out about the
wedding and assume? The simplest way to solve this mystery would be to ask
Yu-jin directly, but right now at least, the wedding is still something of a
secret.
Or at least it's implicitly a secret or something so the only person I
tell is Jenny, who is as excited as I am at the prospect of witnessing a
Korean wedding. Korea seems to have wedding fever, with wedding halls all
over the place: big atrocious glass buildings with huge portraits of happy
couples out front. From the outside, they look like the nuptial equivalent
of a multiplex cinema, but we've never actually been in one. This may be our
only chance.
Friday, April 5: Arbor Day: no work. When Graeme and Karen come over, I
share my juicy tidbit about Yu-jin, only to discover that they already know.
Then they tell us about Korean wedding festivities, which apparently involve
the passing of an unbroken raw egg yoke from mouth to mouth and the flogging
of the groom's feet with fish. At least, that's what Karen's adult students
have told her. Graeme doesn't think we'll be witnessing anything nearly that
exciting, though. Apparently the eggs and fish are for the special guests.
The ordinary guests just get a quick ceremony and a free lunch.
Thursday, April 11: We're planning to be in Seoul for the weekend, so I ask
Suky whether we should get some kind of gift for Yu-jin, and if so, what.
After all, I haven't a clue about Korean wedding etiquette. This question
sets off a conclave among the Korean teachers. They finally decide that no
gifts are required because 10,000 won is taken out of each teacher's pay
every month for a fund called "Mutual Aid," which is supposed to pay for
special events like this. (Graeme refers to the Mutual Aid money as
"[ECC] President Kim's drinking and whoring fund.")
Friday, April 12: I email my friend Allison about the wedding. She tells me
Korean weddings are fast and dull. Suky agrees.
Monday, April 15: The wedding is still a secret, but it is now a secret that
everyone knows. James tells us that we can all meet at ECC and take the
school's bus to the wedding. He tells us this individually, not as a general
announcement.
When I mention to Suky how weird I find it that everything is so secretive,
she tells me that Yu-jin is shy about informing everyone about the wedding.
I don't buy it. Yu-jin has been "shy" about telling us pretty much
everything, from basic administrative requirements to problems meeting
payroll. Nobody ever knows anything for certain at ECC until after it's
actually happened, which means that Yu-jin is never responsible for living
up to any commitments. At this point I'm wondering whether she's informed
the groom yet about the wedding, and whether he knows it's a wedding and
not, say, an engagement party or a golf tournament.
Tuesday, April 16: Dissapointment: Suky tells us that we're not really
wanted at the wedding, and that the invitation the secret, informal,
third-hand invitation was out of politeness and a sense of obligation. I
don't think I understand Korean manners.
Wednesday, April 17: Today each teacher is given a formal invitation card,
printed in Korean. Are we wanted or not wanted? Is this more politeness, or
are we actually invited? I don't know how to read the symbols I figure
it's one of those things foreigners can't understand but when I ask Suky,
she doesn't know either. By the end of the day, consensus opinion among the
Korean teachers is that we are actually invited to the wedding, but it's an
uneasy consensus and doubt remains.
Thursday, April 18: James goes around the room asking people if we'll be
taking the school bus to the wedding. He tells us to arrive on Sunday at
10:30, which he subsequently informs us means 10:50. I assume we won't leave
before 11:30.
Meanwhile, gossip is now in the open. Susan used to live next to Yu-jin, and
noted that she recently had a gentleman caller quite regularly, and then she
moved out. And she's gotten a haircut and dyed her formerly blondish hair a
more demure black.
Apparently feeling magnanimous, Yu-jin has set up meetings with every single
teacher to see what she can do to make our lives easier. When it's my turn,
I offer my congratulations. She smiles shyly, asks if Jenny and I have
plans. I say yes. That's as far as it goes, but it's by far the most warmth
and human interaction I've ever had with Yu-jin. Yes, she's patted my on the
shoulders and smiled before, but only when our pay was late. This is the
first time we've ever had what could even remotely be called a personal
conversation, and it feels nice. I wonder whether we'll ever have one again
is this is just a prenuptial thaw, or has the relief of finding a life
partner actually mellowed Yu-jin out? I even begin to wonder whether all of
Yu-jin's endless stress these last six months has been connected to the
impending wedding, but then I remember that her reputation as irritable,
inscrutable and confused was solidly in place when we arrived.
Saturday, April 27: I have nothing decent to wear, so I go shopping in
Anyang. I manage to find a white shirt and khakis without much trouble, but
the quest for a tie and a blazer is more problematic. I find myself in a
department store, trying on jackets next to a mannequin that's dressed in
checked pants and a plaid shirt. There will be no relying on the taste of
the salesmen here. Amazingly, I find a wool navy blazer that fits without
needing alterations. There are tasteful clothes to be found in 2001 Outlet,
but you have to find them in between the brown linen suits with the elbow
patches and the rack of multicolored sweater-vests. Oh, and by the way, if
you ever wondered where old-man clothes come from, they come from Korea.
Sunday, April 28: We arrive at 10:50 and board the schoolbus, which departs
at 11:30, heading for the posh district of Gangnam-gu the only place in
Seoul where you regularly see foreign cars, and we're not talking Fort
Escorts either. We pass the dealerships for Volkswagen, Audi, BMW, Mercedes,
Porsche and Ferrari before pulling up in front of an especially huge wedding
hall. In we go, walking up the stairs and through the turmoil and confusion
of several other weddings in progress, until we come out on the fifth floor.
James points out a young man, delicate but handsome, who is standing in a
tux by the door of the main hall and waving a white-gloved hand. He, we
are told, will be Yu-jin's husband.
Then James asks us if we want to take pictures of Yu-jin. No one wants to
miss this chance, but when we are led around the corner to the small room
where Yu-jin is sitting and, it must be said, looking radiant in her
white dress we discover that we're not taking pictures of Yu-jin, but
having our pictures taken with Yu-jin, and not with our cameras either.
The photographer counts off "Hana, dul, set!" and flash! and then
we're hustled out, left to mill around the fifth floor lobby. Our attention
is drawn by a curious little side room that has a raised, enclosed area for
sitting on a traditional-looking floor. We ask Suky what it is, and she
explains that this is where the mothers of the bride and groom are sitting
in their hanbok. These traditional garments, long robes tied with a half-bow
just below the breasts, were worn by most Korean women as recently as the
1970s, but now they're mostly trotted out for special occasions. Suky asks
us if we want to take a look, so we do, and lo and behold, there are two
middle-aged ladies in hanbok, sitting on the floor and reading the
newspaper.
Soon James is back, shepherding us all into a group so he can give us our
meal tickets, which will get us the promised free lunch after the ceremony.
Then we're led into the main hall, which is decorated with white fluted
pillars and piles of fake flowers and candles, all of which look like they
came from some kind of high-tech wedding factory somewhere. After a few
minutes, the ceremony begins with the solemn entrance of the armed flight
attendants. At least that's what they look like: two women dressed like
1970s stewardesses, complete with little caps, come marching in, one on
either side of the aisle, and each with a sword pointed in front of her. And
they're not Korean swords either, but the kind of sword that US Marines
carry on formal occasions. They stop halfway up the aisle and form an arch
with the swords, and then Yu-jin enters, led by her father, and walks under
the arch to the altar.
There's organ music and a kind of solemnity to the procession, but it's
undercut by the unceasing rumble of conversation from the lobby, which never
dies down at any point during the ceremony. Acoustically, it's like
hearing a wedding being performed in a busy airport departure lounge, and
this effect is heightened by the electronic crackle of the sound system that
broadcasts the officiant's speech. He's Yu-jin's husband's professor, and he
apparently gives a lecture on economics and then exhorts the couple to read
a lot of books, or so we are told afterwards. While this is going on, the
videographer is swooping all over the place, the klieg light on his camera
alternately blinding us and casting weird shadows. Then, with a blast of
bubbles from a bubble machine, it's all over. The cake is carted in. Dry ice
is spilling out in clouds underneath it, which makes it look like it's about to
blast off. The groom slices it, but no one appears to eat any of it, and it
certainly never makes its way to any of us. Then Yu-jin marches out and the
flight attendants are suddenly wielding trumpets, which they position at
about crotch level and then fire yes, fire sending out showers of
confetti. And that's it. Yu-jin is off to the bowing room, and we're all
being hustled upstairs to the seventh floor, past a wedding in progress on
the sixth, and into a big room with tables lined up like in a soup kitchen.
We hand over our meal tickets and sit down to what is, to be fair, a pretty
decent meal of beef rib soup and the usual Korean assortment of side dishes.
Unfortunately it's sweltering, so we eat quickly and go. Graeme, Susan,
Jenny and I spend the rest of the lovely spring afternoon wandering around
Gangnam-gu, looking at boutiques and having pretty good Mexican food for
dinner.
So yes, Korean weddings are fast and dull, but fascinatingly so. I mean, a
bubble machine? Flight attendants with swords? This is what they consider a
Western wedding, but as usual, what Koreans think of as Westernization looks
more like playing dress-up to me. Somehow Korea has managed to obscure its
own overt traditions by taking on the surface elements of American and
Western European culture the white dress, the swords, the tuxes but
that just makes the whole affair that much more inscrutable. What does a
white dress actually mean to a Korean? Why on earth would a Korean couple
choose to have a formal US Marines-style wedding, except with the part of
the soldiers played by women dressed like airborne cocktail waitresses? If
they all wore curious costumes and bowed a lot and ate mysterious things, I
would have been much less confused. As it is, Yu-jin's wedding felt like
some kind of mutant cultural phenomenon that crawled out of the modernizing
mind of Park Chung Hee, Korea's relentlessly modernizing dictator from 1963
to 1979. Park's ruthless rule simultaneously built South Korea into a
powerful modern economy and wiped out traditional Korean culture wherever
possible. Traditional holidays were replaced with meaningless national days
off like Arbor Day and Constitution Day; shamanistic rituals were banned; old
houses were destroyed in favor of anonymous brick and concrete boxes.
Factories and heavy industry were promoted as Korea's only safe passage to
the future, and the culture of industrialization uniform clothes,
apartment towers, even weddings was actively promoted as a replacement
for traditional culture, which was considered backward. A generation grew up
that didn't remember Korean culture from before the civil war, and a curious
gap was created.
To this day, Korea has a deeply conflicted, awkward relationship with its
own traditions. On the one hand, Koreans are proud of their culture, which
they've preserved against brutal repression from the Japanese and through an
awful civil war. But the traditions are often treated like museum pieces,
like something unchanging and therefore lifeless. You never hear Korean
drums in a hip-hop track. Holidays are celebrated, but their religious
significance is downplayed.
This is only a conjecture, but I wonder whether the division of Korea has
something to do with the arm's-length approach to prewar culture. The Korean
peninsula is just about the most monocultural place on earth, except that
for the last fifty years the north and the south have been completely
isolated from each other; what links them is what existed before the war. If
South Korea began to move that traditional culture forward, to let it
breathe and grow and even change into new, previously unimagined forms, the
connection between north and south might break. Anything that isn't shared
between north and south must not be considered "real" Korean traditional
culture. And so South Korea looks forward and outward instead, creating its
contemporary culture out of what it finds in the rest of the world. Still,
despite Koreans' increasing taste for rap songs, Christianity and
hamburgers, it would we a mistake to think that these things are replacing
Korean culture. Rather, they are becoming Korean culture.
Scientists tell us that it's the edges of ecological zones the places
where jungle merges into grassland, or where wetlands become forest where
most new species evolve. In the same way, Korean culture is evolving most
rapidly at the edges, where it meets up with other cultures. The core may be
preserved like a stuffed critter in a natural history museum, mounted on a
pedestal and carefully kept from changing; but on the outskirts, where
ordinary people eat, work, get married, go to the movies in those places,
Korean culture is vibrant, energetic, frequently tasteless, often
inscrutable, and unquestionably alive.
Addendum:
It turns out wedding halls are nothing new in East Asia. From The Travels of Marco Polo:
"Near the central part [of the city of Kin-sai in eastern China] are two islands, upon each of which stands a superb building, with an incredible number of apartments and separate pavilions. When the inhabitants of the city have occasion to celebrate a wedding, or to give a sumptuous entertainment, they resort to one of these islands, where they find ready for their purpose every article that can be required, such as vessels, napkins, table linen, and the like, which are provided and kept there at the common expense of the citizens."