International Socialist
Organisation
P O Box 6157,
Dunedin, New Zealand.
Email: isonz@hotmail.com
www.isonz.homestead.com
Open letter to:
The Steering Committee,
International Socialist
Organisation,
P O Box 16085, Chicago,
IL. 60616
U.S.A.
Monday 19-3-2001
Statement
in Defence of the International Socialist Organisation (US)
Dear Comrades,
Let us state at the outset
that we in the International Socialist Organisation of Aotearoa/New Zealand
(ISO NZ) are appalled by the actions of the SWP CC. In our view, the attempted
expulsion of the ISO US from the IS Tendency is completely inconsistent with
the most basic principles of democratic centralism. Even if all of the
specific accusations made by the SWP CC were true, and we doubt this, they in
no way provide sufficient grounds to justify the expulsion of an entire
organisation from a socialist tendency that claims to be continuing in the
tradition of Marx, Engels, Luxemburg, Lenin and Trotsky. After all, these
accusations amount to little more than stating that the ISO US has developed an
interpretation of the significance of the anti-capitalist movement for the
wider class struggle, the ISO's own approach to campaign work, and the setting
of strategic priorities for party-building that the SWP CC doesn't agree with.
Hardly convincing grounds for expulsion!
Clearly it would be
inappropriate within the limited framework of this letter for us to attempt a
full scale critique of the documents produced by Alex Callinicos and the SWP CC
to justify the expulsion. In our view, because they are so transparently at
odds with Lenin's theory of the party and the actual historical record of the
Bolsheviks with respect to inner-party democracy, convincing critiques will
undoubtedly be forthcoming in the near future. Rather, we will simply take the
opportunity to briefly highlight the extent to which the SWP CC's actions in
expelling the ISO are fundamentally undemocratic and, further, argue that the effective
demise of internal democracy within the IS tendency is inextricably linked to
the continued advocacy of a broad perspective that grossly exaggerates the
scale of the anti-capitalist movement and the industrial class struggle.
The Demise of Democracy
within the International Socialist Tendency
1) This is not the first
time that SWP CC has expelled a group from the tendency - the SWP CC
unilaterally expelled the New Zealand ISO in April of 1997. Alex Callinicos, on
behalf of the SWP CC, wrote that the decision of the ISO comrades to end the
attempted merger (from February 1995 to March 1997) with the CPNZ meant
that "They have cut themselves off not simply from the SWO [in April 1997
this was the former CPNZ plus two former ISO members], but from the
International Socialist Organisation in Australia, and all the other groups in
the IS Tendency across the world". We were not contacted by Callinicos or
any other member of the SWP CC for our side of the story, nor given any
opportunity in any possible forum within the Tendency, such as an international
meeting, to defend ourselves against this unilateral decision to expel us. The
recent claim by Callinicos that within the Tendency "each organization is
autonomous and therefore must make its own political decisions" is thus a
gross distortion of the truth in reality the SWP CC utterly dominates the
broad perspectives and decision-making processes of the Tendency as a whole.
2) The International
Socialist Organisation of Aotearoa/New Zealand (ISO NZ) is the original and
longest standing socialist group operating in this country on the basis of the
politics of the International Socialist tradition. The Socialist Workers'
Organisation is nothing more than the "ex-Stalinist" Communist Party of
New Zealand (CPNZ) in opportunistically altered ideological garb. The SWO's
internal regime has altered little since the days of the old Communist Party,
and despite the leadership's duplicitous claims to the contrary, is
fundamentally undemocratic. The most recent proof of this is the fact that the
SWO uncritically endorsed the SWP CC's attempted expulsion of your organisation
without any serious internal discussion in a matter of days. (In stark
contrast, we have taken the time necessary to fully discuss and debate it
amongst our entire membership. This letter has the unanimous endorsement of our
membership.) It is also revealing that the SWO National Committee states in its
servile letter supporting the SWP CC that "We will be voting this way at
the next IST international meeting" that is, its position has been
fixed prior to listening to the arguments of the ISO US representatives and
participating in the meeting itself.
3) We will discuss the
differences in perspective between the SWP CC and the ISO US shortly, suffice
to point out that the existence of such differences within an international
socialist tendency and/or within a revolutionary socialist organisation is not
sufficient grounds for expulsion. The historical experience of the classical
Marxist and Leninist tradition highlights the crucial importance of internal
democracy within the socialist organisations that we are trying to build. A
healthy degree of internal democracy is essential so that the organisation can
correct its mistakes, clarify its perspectives, learn from the struggles of
workers and others fighting oppression, and intervene effectively in struggles
and campaigns. As Lenin wrote in 1907, "there can be no mass party, no
party of a class, without full clarity of essential shadings, without an open
struggle between various tendencies" (cited by Liebman, Leninism Under
Lenin, p.52).
4) The British SWP CC claims
that "the argument between the ISO and the IS Tendency was more than a
disagreement over political perspectives of the kind that goes on all the
time" and advocates the expulsion of the ISO on the additional grounds
that the ISO leadership: (a) expelled six members "for agreeing with the
rest of the Tendency"; and (b) was involved "in encouraging a split
in the Greek SEK" (SWP CC 12 March 2001).
We have no way of knowing
how accurate these claims are from this distance. But we can highlight the
blatant hypocrisy involved in the SWP CC using (a) and (b) as grounds for
expelling the ISO US from the IST. The truth is the SWP CC has behaved in
precisely this manner itself when trying to enforce its perspective on other
groups in the IST. For example, in 1995 the SWP CC prompted the National
Committee of the Australian International Socialist Organisation to expel the
political leadership of the ISO in Melbourne which resulted in over 1/3 of the
national membership leaving in protest to form Socialist Alternative. Around
the same time it had placed similar pressure on the Canadian IS leadership to
marginalise David McNally and other leading members in Toronto again
leading to another major split resulting in the formation of the New Socialist
Group. More recently, in New Zealand the SWP CC uncritically endorsed the SWO
National Committee's decision to expel five members in March 1997.
This highlights the fact
that: (a) the SWP CC has not only endorsed expulsions of members who were
critical of its "1930s in slow motion" perspective, it has actively
promoted these in a number of countries; and (b) the SWP CC has repeatedly meddled
in the internal affairs of smaller groups in the Tendency, prompting splits in
Australia, Canada, Germany, South Africa, and elsewhere. If expelling
members who dissent from the leadership perspective and meddling in the
internal affairs of sister organisations are sufficient grounds for excluding a
group from the IS Tendency, then the British SWP should be the first to go
after the forthcoming International Meeting!
5) One of the most
chillingly pernicious aspects of the Callinicos penned justification of the
expulsion of the ISO US (The Anti-Capitalist Movement) is evident in the
conclusion to the document:
"...the
fate of the ISO is no reason for complacency on the part of those who have
avoided it this time. Even the vast majority of the IST that have avoided
the ISO's fundamental error and recognised and sought to relate to the
anti-capitalist movement face an enormous challenge in carrying this through.
The ISO's metastasis into a sect is an extreme case of a tendency present in
all our organizations. We will all have to fight to overcome this tendency and
transform ourselves into an effective part of the movement that is burgeoning
beyond us".
As anyone who has worked
politically with the SWP CC will be well aware, this statement has a clearly
discernible subtext - if individual members, or members of the leadership of
individual groups in the tendency, or even an entire organisation, dare to
seriously criticise the British SWP's perspective on the anti-capitalist
movement then they can expect to be expelled, sooner or later. If the ISO
US is expelled from the IS Tendency, then it is hard to imagine the leadership
of any other group in the Tendency being prepared to develop and articulate a
perspective on any major issue in the future that is at odds with that of the
SWP CC. Therefore what we are witnessing is the effective demise of any
meaningful kind of democracy within the IS Tendency.
A World-Historic Turning
Point?
6) The demise of democracy
within the IS Tendency and the SWP CC's interpretation of the current
historical period as the "1930s in slow motion" are inextricably
linked and mutually reinforcing. With breakthroughs towards mass membership
always just around the corner, the SWP considers that it is legitimate to cultivate
obedient leaderships in each IST group in order to ensure that the
opportunities are not missed. The older (and more independently minded) cadre
within the organisations of the Tendency has become a barrier to growth -
"so ossified that they are unable to relate to the revival of the left for
which they have waited for decades" (Callinicos, The Anti-Capitalist
Movement). The only exception being the SWP itself. Hence the SWP CC's
active promotion of splits within a number of groups in the IST in order to
remove this barrier, and clear the way to the predicted massive growth of the
groups concerned. The expulsion of the ISO US is thus merely a
continuation of the SWP CC's flawed, and fundamentally undemocratic, 1990s
approach to party building.
7) The highly successful
protests at Seattle were inspiring precisely because, as Callinicos points out,
they brought together "organised workers and anti-globalisation
activists". The ensuing emergence of an anti-capitalist movement is an
important development that does create real opportunities for socialists to
build the movement and their own organisations in the process. In our
experience it is the case that it is generally "through being the most
dynamic and militant force in building the movement in question that we
distinguish ourselves and draw new people towards us". But it is also the
case that we can only convince these people to join the ISO if we can convey to
them a clear sense of what's wrong with the world, why it is like this, and how
we can change it. And we have found that this requires much greater emphasis on
the "battle of ideas" than was the case during the early to mid 1990s
when we recruited largely on the basis of political activism.
There has, even here in New
Zealand, been a noticeable shift in the consciousness of the students and young
workers that we come into contact with. We have found a growing interest in
socialist ideas, and during the past two years our membership and periphery has
grown substantially, both in terms of numbers and the development of a cadre.
We have both recognised and
successfully related to the new "mood" that Callinicos refers to. In
the light of this experience we do not reject everything that he and the rest
of the SWP CC has to say on the matter. However, the comparisons that they make
between the current anti-capitalist movement and the international upturn in
class struggle from the late 1960s to mid 1970s are overblown and
unconvincing. Consider the following remarks: "This is, as they said
in 1968, only a beginning. Anti-capitalism is most widely diffused
internationally as a mood"; "What this amounts to is the birth of a
new left on an international scale"; "this is the greatest opening
for the left since the 1960s"; "there can be no doubt about the scale
of the movement - there has not been such a resurgence of activist energy since
the Vietnam War". Obviously our geographical isolation makes it especially
difficult for us to gauge the accuracy of such claims (unfortunately no such
qualifications are apparent in the SWP CC's intervention in the affairs of the
ISO in the U.S.). However, it is, surely, evidently false to compare Seattle,
however inspiring, involving 60-80,000 people (ISJ 86, p.13) for less
than a week to May '68 involving millions of workers for several weeks, or the
anti-capitalist movement to the much larger anti-Vietnam War
movement. It seems to us that the ISO US has provided a much more
realistic and balanced assessment of this movement than the SWP CC, recognising
that it does provide important opportunities for socialists to intervene and
recruit, but that we should also retain a capacity to make open-minded and
realistic assessments of the relative weight of anti-globalisation protests
compared to other struggles that we can and should involve ourselves in.
Of even greater concern is
the complete failure to provide any systematic empirical assessment of
the extent to which the so-called "anti-capitalist mood" has
generated, or has failed to generate, a significant revival in the industrial
class struggle of the advanced capitalist societies.
Certainly here in New
Zealand strike activity has actually fallen since 1996 and, despite a
number of important strikes breaking out over the past few months, remains at
the lowest level recorded since the 1930s.
Strike Activity in New
Zealand: 1966-77 compared to 1996-2000
Total number of workers
involved:
1966 33,132 1996-42,307
1967- 28,490 1997- 7,646
1968- 37,458 1998- 15,205
1969- 44,041 1999- 10,747
1970- 110,096
2000- 2,423 (first three quarters)
1971- 86,009
1972- 60,249
1973- 115,865
1974- 70,904
1975- 74,820
1976- 201,085
1977- 159,407
In light of the fact that
levels of industrial class struggle are so low (for example, the number workers
involved in strikes in 1997 was the lowest since 1936), we are clearly not
in the midst of a major upturn in class struggle in this country
(although we do expect a significant revival in the industrial class struggle
during the first half of this decade).
It is realities like these
that have to be faced in developing a Marxist interpretation of the "new
anti-capitalist mood" in other countries. In contrast, the Rees article in
ISJ 90, "Anti-Capitalism, Reformism and Socialism"
devotes less than three pages in a 37 page article to this question, contains a
graph (UK Labour Disputes Working Days Lost, 1951-1998) that
contradicts the central thrust of the analysis in the section, and completely
fails to provide a convincing account of the overall state of the industrial
class struggle in Britain in recent years. Certainly in contrast to the
deficiencies of the Ree's article and the exaggerations of Callinicos in The
Anti-Capitalist Movement there appears to be a much healthier degree of
realism evident in the ISO Steering Committee's perspective documents.
8) By grossly exaggerating
the actual scale of the "anti-capitalist movement", and the extent to
which this has already generated a revival of the industrial class struggle,
the SWP CC is promoting a perspective that will: (a) make it more difficult for
groups in the IS Tendency, and especially the smaller groups, to independently
and accurately identify, and prioritise their group's involvement in those
struggles actually taking place in the countries concerned; and (b) has the
potential to be utterly demoralising for the members of groups where the
projected massive growth fails to materialise.
Conclusion
9) For all of these reasons
we condemn the SWP CC's attempt to expel the ISO US from the IS Tendency and
express our support for the ISO US. We call on other International Socialist
groups around the world to do likewise. Those IS groups who uncritically
endorse the SWP CC will stand exposed before the wider international left in
the following respects:
* They will have
fundamentally broken with the Leninist and Bolshevik tradition. In particular,
they will have contributed to the complete abrogation of the rights of
dissenting minorities to continue to exist within the IS Tendency.
* They will have
demonstrated that their leadership is incapable of thinking and acting
independently of the analysis and associated dictates of the SWP CC. Since no
socialist organisation can be built in the long term in the absence of an
independent Marxist analysis of the concrete conditions prevailing in the
particular society in which that organisation is operating, they are thereby
condemning themselves to a future of stagnation and/or decline.
10) We sincerely hope that,
unlike some groups that have been forced out of the Tendency, your politics,
like ours, will remain firmly based on the broad politics of the IS tradition.
We do not regard the present tragedy as being in any way an inevitable outcome
of the attempt to build a revolutionary socialist organisation committed to the
cause of working class self-emancipation within the Leninist tradition. Rather,
it is the most disastrous result to date of the mutually reinforcing
combination of an overblown perspective and lack of serious commitment to the
most basic principles of democratic centralism on the part of the SWP CC.
11) In this ideological
struggle, the SWP CC has obviously attempted to bully the democratically
elected leadership of the ISO US by threatening the organisation with
international isolation. We think that there are now grounds for those groups
who have been excluded from the IS Tendency to consider establishing
solidaristic relations with each other. In our case, we have for the past three
years maintained a sisterly relationship with Socialist Alternative in
Australia which also operates on the basis of the politics of the IS tradition,
while not being formally recognised by the SWP CC as part of the IST.
12) More concretely, and
perhaps less ambitiously, we would welcome any reciprocal approach from your
organisation, either to establish friendly relations between our two groups, or
simply to discuss the issues raised by recent events and what this means for
the revolutionary socialist movement. We thank you for sending us your
newspaper, and will continue to send a copy of our publication to you. If you
would like extra copies of Socialist Review, we would be most happy to
provide these.
We are only a small group,
but during the past two years we have grown substantially and this has been
due, at least in part, to the greater degree of realism that we have been able
to develop outside of the IST and at a distance from the increasingly
disorientating leadership of the SWP CC.
Yours in solidarity,
the ISO NZ