Potato Chip Scraps in Diets for Broiler Chicks

S. Rahnema1, M. Lilburn2, J. Nixon2

Ohio State University
Agricultural Technical Institute
Wooster, OH 44691-4000, USA

(Received May 1, 2003; accepted December 24, 2003)

Abstract

Rahnema, S., Lilburn, M. and Nixon, J. 2004. Potato chip scraps in diets for broiler chicks. J. Appl. Anim. Res., 25: 1-4.

A 21-d preliminary experiment was conducted to study the effect of including different amounts of potato chip scraps (PCS, 0, 5, 7.5%) in broiler chicks (n=100; 37g) allocated to 18 pens. In treatment 1 (control), chicks were fed a corn and soybean meal-based diet supplemented to meet NRC (1994) requirements. In treatments 2 and 3, 5% and 7.5% of PCS was substituted for corn, salt and animal-vegetable fat keeping all diets isocaloric and isonitrogenous. At 21-d, there was increased feed intake with each level of supplemental PCS and this was reflected in a linear increase in average daily gain. There were no significant differences in feed efficiency suggesting that the positive effect associated with PCS was due to increased feed consumption. This experiment demonstrated that PCS up to 7.5% of the diet might safely be fed to day-old broiler chicks to 3 weeks of age.

Relationships Between Alfa-casein Polymorphism and Production Traits in Brown Swiss and Holstein

Memis Ozdemir, Unsal Dogru

Department of Animal Science
College of Agriculture
Ataturk University
25240-Erzurum, Turkey

(Revised received January 27, 2004; accepted February 1, 2004)

Abstract

Ozdemir, M. and Dogru, U. 2004. Relationships between alfa-casein polymorphism and production traits in Brown Swiss and Holstein. J. Appl. Anim. Res., 25: 5-8.

To study the effect of as1-Cn polymorphism on milk production traits, milk samples from Brown Swiss, Holstein and East Anatolian Red cows were analyzed for as1-Cn BB and BC types using horizontal starch-gel electrophoresis method. Proportion of as1-Cn BB and as1-Cn BC in terms of as1-Cn phenotype were 74.3% and 25.7%, respectively. No significant differences were found among breeds in frequencies of as1-Cn phenotype. Although the effects of as1-Cn phenotypes on milk yield, milk fat yield and 305-days milk yield in Holstein cows were found to be significant (P<0.05), no effect on these traits in Brown Swiss and lactation period, 305-days fat yield and fat percentage in both the breeds were observed.

Influence of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Dose on Ruminal Fermentation and Digestion in Sheep Fed a Corn Stover Diet

M.M. Crosby, G.D. Mendoza, R. Bárcena,
S. González, E. Aranda

Colegio de postgraduados, Programa de Ganaderia
Montecillo México, Km 36.5 Carr. México-Texcoco
Estado de México, 56230 México

(Received November 29, 2002; accepted November 12, 2003)

Abstract

Crosby, M.M., Mendoza, G.D., Bárcena, R., González, S. and Aranda, E. 2004. Influence of Saccharomyces cerevisiae dose on ruminal fermentation and digestion in sheep fed a corn stover diet. J. Appl. Anim. Res., 25: 9-12.

A metabolism trial was conducted to evaluate Saccharomyces cerevisiae dose on ruminal fermentation and digestibility. Fourteen Suffolk ewes (35±4 kg BW) with ruminal and duodenal cannula were assigned to a completely randomized design, where treatments were intraruminal dose of microbial culture of Yea-Sacc1026 (0, 1, 3, 5 and 7 g/d). Diet was based on corn stover (66.5%), sorghum grain (23.5%), molasses (10.2%) and urea (1.3%). Ruminal pH, VFA concentration, molar proportion of VFA and ammonia-N were not affected by dose. Protozoa population (5.3, 9.6, 11.4, 8.9, 4.0 organisms x 104) showed a quadratic effect (P<0.05) to Saccharomyces cerevisiae dose. Total tract digestibility of DM, NDF and ADF were not affected by treatments. Microbial culture with Saccharomyces cerevisiae at different doses did not improve either fermentation or digestion in sheep fed a corn stover diet.

Effect of Antibiotic, Prebiotic and Enzyme Mixture Supplementation on Performance and Nutrient Utilization of Broilers

Figen Kirkpinar, Zümrüt Açikgöz

Ege University, Faculty of Agriculture
Department of Feeds and Animal Nutrition
Bornova-Izmir, Turkey

(Received April 8, 2003; accepted January 28, 2004)

Abstract

Kirkpinar, F. and Açikgöz, Z. 2004. Effect of antibiotic, prebiotic and enzyme mixture supplementation on performance and nutrient utilization of broilers. J. Appl. Anim. Res., 25: 13-16.

To study the effect of supplementation of antibiotic, prebiotic and an enzyme mixture on growth and nutrient utilization, 48 day-old chicks were divided into 4 groups (6 males, 6 females) and fed on a standard ration with either no supplementation (C) or supplementation with antibiotic (CA), prebiotic (CP) or enzyme mixture (CE). Nutrient utilization was not affected by supplementation but excreta viscosity decreased on prebiotic and enzyme mixture supplementation. Compared to C and CA feed efficiency improved in CP and CE.

Effect of Dehydrated Pig Faeces in the Diet on Microbial Protein Synthesis and Fermentation Balance in the Rumen of Holstein Steers

J.R. Salcedo-Mezaa*, R. Castellanos-Molinaa, J.D. Garza-Floresb**,
Z.I. Tejada-Castañedac, P.A. Velázquez-Madrazoc, J.C. Segura-Corread,
R. Rodríguez-Vázqueza, J.C. Ku-Verad

aCINVESTAV-Insgtituto Politécnico Nacional
Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional No. 2508
Col. San Pedro Zacatenco, C.P. 07300
México, D.F., México

bCENIFyMA. Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales y
Agropecuarias-SAGAR
km 1 Carr. a Colón, Ajuchitlán, Apdo. Postal 29A
C.P. 76260 Querétaro, México

cCENID-Microbiologia. Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales y Agropecuarias-SAGAR
km 15.5 Carr. México-Toluca
Col. Palo Alto, C.P. 05110, México, D.F. México

dFMVZ, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán
Carretera Mérida-Xmatkuil km 15.5 Apdo. Postal 4-116 Itzimná
C.P. 97100 Nérida, Yucatán, México

eInstituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales y Agropecuarias
Campo Experimental Mocochá
Yucatán, México

(Received April 23, 2003; accepted October 31, 2003)

Abstract

Salcedo-Meza, J.R., Castellanos-Molina, R., Garza-Flores, J.D., Tejada-Castañeda, Z.I., Velázquez-Madrazo, P.A., Segura-Correa, J.C., Rodríguez-Vázquez, R. and Ku-Vera, J.C. 2003. Effect of dehydrated pig faeces in the diet on microbial protein synthesis and fermentation balance in the rumen of Holstein steers. J. Appl. Anim. Res., 25: 17-25.

The effect of incorporation of four levels (20, 25, 30 and 35% dry matter basis) of dehydrated pig faeces (DPF) on fermentation balance and microbial protein synthesis in the rumen was investigated. DPF were fed in complete rations consisting of sorghum grain, sorghum straw and cane molasses. Four Holstein steers (273±31 kg) and cannulated in the rumen and proximal duodenum were used in a 4 x 4 Latin square design and fed 8478g DM/day. Rumen pH was not affected, but the concentration of NH3-N (3.7, 6.2, 12.5 and 18.4 mg/100 ml) in rumen fluid was increased with graded levels of DPF in the ration. True rumen degradability of organic matter was linearly reduced (P<0.01) and microbial nitrogen synthesis (66.7 to 89.8g/d) and true efficiency of bacterial growth (14.8 to 22.0g N/kg OMAFR) were linearly increased (P<0.01) with graded levels of DPF. Relative molar proportion of VFA’s in the rumen was basically acetic (63.2 to 66.0 mol/100 mol). Energy loss as CH4, energy retained in VFAs and the amount of ATPs produced per mol of glucose fermented was unaltered. Results suggest that incorporation of DPF in the ration improves rumen environment and efficiency of microbial growth in the rumen and consequently the availability of microbial nitrogen in the small intestine is also increased.

Carbohydrases as Feed Supplements to the Broiler Diets Containing Rapeseed Meal

D. Jamroz1, J. Orda, T. Wertelecki1, A. Wiliczkiewicz,
J. Skorupiñska, R. òylka

1Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Quality
2Department of Physics and Biophysics
Agricultural University
ul. Chelmo½skiego 38C; 51-630 Wroclaw, Poland

(Received June 9, 2003; accepted January 29, 2004)

Abstract

Jamroz, D., Orda, J., Wertelecki, T., Wiliczkiewicz, A., Skorupiñska, J. and òylka, R. 2004. Carbohydrases as feed supplements to the broiler diets containing rapeseed meal. J. Appl. Anim. Res. 25: 27-32.

Enzyme supplementation of the diets containing 10 or 20% of rapeseed meal did not enhance the chickens body weight at 21 and 42 days of age. The feed conversion in period 1-21 days only was improved by application of 400 or 800 ppm of carbohydrases. In carcass quality only slight beneficial effect was observed. Improved strength of tibia was attained in birds fed rapeseed diets with 200 ppm of enzymes, but better collagen quality was noted in bones from chickens fed diets with 400 or 800 ppm of enzymes.

Growth of Milk Replacer Kids Fed Under Three Different Managements

A. Argüello, N. Castro, J. Capote1

Animal Production Unit
Las Palmas de Gran Canaria University
35416-Arucas, Las Palmas, Spain

1Canary Agronomic Science Institute
Apt. 60, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain

(Revised received December 12, 2003; accepted December 22, 2003)

Abstract

Argüello, A., Castro, N. and Capote, J. 2004. Growth of milk replacer kids fed under three different managements. J. Appl. Anim. Res., 25: 37-40.

To study the effect of 3 management systems: natural suckling (NS), ad libitum artificial feeding (ALAR) and restricted artificial feeding (RAR), 120 Canary Caprine Group’s kids were assigned at random to the three different groups. The highest weight gain was observed in animals on NS. Birth weight showed a significant effect on animal growth in all the treatments. The feed ratio (FR) evolution was similar for both male and female animals. FR values at the beginning of the experiment were higher than those at the end stage.

Effect of Dietary Supplemental Yucca schidigera Powder on Fattening Performance of Male Lambs

Murat Görgülü*, Sabri Yurtseven, ¤lknur Ünsal, Hasan RüÕtü Kutlu

Çukurova University, Agricultural Faculty
Department of Animal Science
01330 Adana, Turkey

(Revised received October 24, 2003; accepted November 25, 2003)

Abstract

Görgülü, M., Yurtseven, S., Ünsal, ¤. and Kutlu, H.R. 2004. Effect of dietary supplemental Yucca schidigera powder on fattening performance of male lambs. J. Appl. Anim. Res., 25: 33-36.

To determine the effect of Yucca schidigera powder on fattening performance of growing male lambs in two consecutive experiments, 30 lambs (Assaf, in the first experiment, Ile de France x Awassi crossbred in the second experiment), weaned at 70-80 days, were equally divided in two groups with three replicates each. Lambs in both the groups were fed isocaloric and isonitrogenic diets and the diet in treatment group was supplemented with 150 ppm Yucca schidigera. The diets had 90% concentrate and 10% alfalfa straw, containing 2.45 µcal ME/kg and 160g CP/kg. There was no significant (P>0.05) effect of Yucca schidigera powder on fattening performance of lambs under our feeding regime with a diet containing high level (90%) of concentrate.

Anatomy and Histology of the Sinu-Atrial Node in the Heart of Guinea Pig (Cavia percellus)

A. Nabipur

Department of Anatomical Sciences
Faculty of Veterinary Medicine
Ferdowsi University of Mashhad
Mashhad, 91775-1793, Iran

(Received May 21, 2003; accepted February 4, 2004)

Abstract

Nabipur, A. 2004. Anatomy and histology of the sinu-atrial node in the heart of guinea pig (Cavia percellus). J. Appl. Anim. Res., 25: 41-43.

Anatomy and histology of the sinu-atrial node was studied in 6 male guinea pigs. The sinu-atrial node (0.14mm x 0.03mm x 0.55mm) lied beneath the epicardium, at the more caudal part of terminal sulcus, near the junction between the right cranial vena cava, lateral wall of the right atrium and the right auricle. Its shape was like a trapezoid with curved sides. Its cranial end was near the right auricle and it was wide, while the caudal end was near the myocardium of the atrial wall and it was narrow. Histologically, it contained very little collagen and the cell with clear perinuclear zone (P) were the principal cells of parenchyma. The transitional cell (T) was mainly located at the margins of the node. At the junction between the nodal cells intercalated discs were not seen. Most of the time, there were one or more arterioles at the cranial end of the node and in a few cases, there were arterioles at both the cranial and the caudal ends of the node that supply the node.

Estimation of Supply and Demand Models for Chicken Meat in Turkey

Vedat Dagdemir1, Okan Demir2, Atilla Keskin1

1Atatürk University, College of Agriculture
Department of Agricultural Economics
Erzurum, Turkey

2General Directorate of Rural Services
Erzurum Research Institute
Erzurum, Turkey

(Revised received October 6, 2003; accepted November 11, 2003)

Abstract

Dagdemir, V., Demir, O. and Keskin, A. 2004. Estimation of supply and demand models for chicken meat in Turkey. J. Appl. Anim. Res., 25: 45-48.

Chicken meat supply and demand models were estimated to determine the factors affecting the quantities supplied and demanded by using the time series data of 1983-1998 period, when Turkey’s economy was in transition to free market. According to supply and demand models that were estimated, it has been determined that producer price of beef and chicken meat affect chicken meat production. On the other hand, the population growth and consumer price for mutton affected the consumption of chicken meat. Supply elasticity was observed to be greater than that of demand. It is concluded that chicken meat producers are more responsive to the price changes than consumers.

Effect of Tanniniferous Top Feed on Parasitic Load in Calves in the North-West-Humid Himalayan Region

A. Sahoo*, R.K. Sharma, N.P. Kurade, T.K. Bhat, B. Singh

Indian Veterinary Research Institute
Regional Station
Palampur-176 061, India

(Received March 22, 2003; accepted November 10, 2003)

Abstract

Sahoo, A., Sharma, R.K., Kurade, N.P., Bhat, T.K. and Singh, B. 2004. Effect of tanniniferous top feed on parasitic load in calves in the North-West-Humid Himalayan region. J. Appl. Anim. Res., 25: 49-51.

To study the effect of tannin containing feeds on gastrointestinal parasites, 15 male calves (84 kg) were divided randomly into three equal groups. Control group calves were fed on concentrate and wheat straw, whereas, experimental group calves received oak leaves at 33 or 50% of roughage for four weeks. The amount of condensed tannins consumed in experimental group 1 and 2 were 0.29 and 0.37% of DM, respectively. The initial load of parasites in calves was 3.33±0.50x102, which decreased significantly (P<0.05) in both the experimental groups.

IP Injection of Phenylephrine and Prazocin on Tonic Pain during Estrus Cycle in Rats

M. Taherianfard*, A. Bahaoddini, H. Rajaian, A. Dabbaghlotfi

School of Veterinary Medicine
Shiraz University
Shiraz, P.O. Box 1731, Iran

(Received March 21, 2003; accepted November 30, 2003)

Abstract

Taherianfard, M., Bahaoddini, A., Rajaian, H. and Dabbaghlotfi, A. 2004. IP injection of phenylephrine and prazocin on tonic pain during estrus cycle in rats. J. Appl. Anim. Res., 25: 53-55.

To investigate the effect of a1 receptor against and antagonist on tonic pain in all phases of estrus cycle in female rats, phenylephrine (a1 receptor agonist) and prazocin (a1 receptor antagonist) were administered intraperitoneally to adult female rats (200-220g). One group of rats with no injection was kept as control, whereas, another group was given saline in place of drugs. Formalin test was performed in all phases of estrus cycle. It was shown that phenylephrine causes significant (P<0.05) reduction in pain sensitivity, particularly during proestrus. Prazocin significantly (P<0.05) increased pain sensitivity, particularly during metestrus. It seems fluctuation in pain sensitivity during estrus cycle is related to the level of sex hormones during estrus cycle.

Strain Identification and Characterization of Vp I and Vp II Gene of Canine Parvovirus of Indian Origin

Amit Kumar*, J.S. Dharmadheeran, Ashok Kumar, S.S. Thakral

Central Military Veterinary Laboratory
Meerut Cantt-250 001, India

(Received March 21, 2003; accepted October 20, 2003)

Abstract

Kumar, A., Dharmadheeran, J.S., Kumar, A. and Thakral, S.S. 2003. Strain identification and characterization of Vp I and Vp II gene of canine parvovirus of Indian origin. J. Appl. Anim. Res., 25: 000-000.

The strain of CPV present in India was identified by PCR RFLP studies on Vp I, Vp II gene using enzymes Alu I, Rsa I and variation among Indian CPV isolates in the Vp I, Vp II region was established using enzyme Hph I. It was confirmed that the CPV type present in India is CPV 2a and it was established that there are at least two variants of CPV 2a present in India. The study also established that the passage of field virus in tissue culture does not alter the strain specific RFLP patterns and they were stable through out in vitro passages in wild strains.

Performance of Growing Rabbits fed Mango Seed Meal Incorporated Diets

O.I.A. Oluremi, S.A. Musa

Department of Animal Production
University of Agriculture
Makurdi, Benue State, Nigeria

(Received December 4, 2002; accepted October 4, 2003)

Abstract

Oluremi, O.I.A. and Musa, S.A. 2004. Performance of growing rabbits fed mango seed meal incorporated diets. J. Appl. Anim. Res., 25: 61-63.

A seven-week nutritional trial was conducted using crossbred rabbits at nine weeks of age to evaluate the feeding value of mango seed kernel meal (MSKM) by replacing maize of control diet with MSKM at 10 and 20% levels, respectively. Maize appeared to be nutritionally superior to MSKM. Dietary replacement of maize with MSKM did not have any significant effect (P>0.05) on body weight gain, feed intake and feed conversion efficiency revealing that MSKM can replace maize up to 20% in growing rabbits’ diet without any adverse effect.

Inhibition of Apoptosis in Sheep Monocytes by Brucella melitensis 16M

V.I. Bishor, D.K. Singh*, D.K. Sinha, T.K. Goswami**

Division of Veterinary Public Health
Indian Veterinary Research Institute
Izatnagar-243 122, India

(Revised received October 31, 2003; accepted November 21, 2003)

Abstract

Bishor, V.I., Singh, D.K., Sinha, D.K. and Goswami, T.K. 2004. Inhibition of apoptosis in sheep monocytes by Brucella melitensis 16M. J. Appl. Anim. Res., 25: 65-68.

Brucella is a facultative intracellular organism of domestic animals and man. The mechanism for its survival is not well understood. The effect of Brucella in modulation of monocytes and neutrophil apoptosis in sheep was analysed. The apoptosis of neutrophils was not affected by the Brucella melitensis 16M (live or killed). However, the live B. melitensis 16M prolonged apoptosis of monocytes/macrophages separated from sheep in vitro.