An Econometric Approach for Prediction of Optimal Broiler Production Cycle by Coefficient of Economic Efficiency

C. O—uz¹, S.S. Parlat²

¹Department of Agricultural Economics
²Department of Animal Science, Agricultural Faculty
Selçuk University, 42031 Konya-Turkey

(Received December 4, 2002; accepted April 21, 2003)

Abstract

O—uz, C. and Parlat, S.S. 2003. An econometric approach for prediction of optimal broiler production cycle by coefficient of economic efficiency. J. Appl. Anim. Res., 24: 17-23.

Optimum production period was estimated econometrically by coefficient of economic efficiency (CEE) for broilers in Turkey's economic conditions, using total marginal income (TMI), total marginal cost (TMC), total marginal net income (TMNI), marginal chick cost (MC) and CEE as basic data. Mathematical function between production period and CEE was calculated. Optimum production period was predicted by using derivatived function between production period and CEE. Probable maximum CEE value per chick during production period was estimated by solving for f(x) function of calculated optimal production time via the derivatived function. Total CEE value per chick was estimated by integration of calculated mathematical function.

Effect of Ultrasound Therapy on Fracture Healing in Rabbits

S.K. Maiti, Naveen Kumar, G.R. Singh, M. Hoque

Division of Surgery
Indian Veterinary Research Institute
Izatnagar-243 122, India

(Received December 7, 2002; accepted June 26, 2003)

Abstract

Maiti, S.K., Kumar, N., Singh, G.R. and Hoque, M. 2003. Effect of ultrasound therapy on fracture healing in rabbits. J. Appl. Anim. Res., 24: 25-32.

The effect of two different doses of ultrasound on fracture healing was studied in 12 adult New Zealand white rabbits divided equally in 3 groups (A, B and C). In all animals, midshaft transverse fracture of both the ulnae was created under thiopental (2.5%) anaesthesia. Ultrasound therapy at the rate of pulsed (1:1) 1W/cm² and continuous 3W/cm² were given on every alternative day (10 treatments), starting from day 4 post-fracture in groups A and C, respectively. Group B with no therapy served as control. Resolution of inflammatory swelling and pain was earlier in group A followed by groups B and C. Rectal temperature, Hb, TLC and DLC did not vary significantly at various stages of observations in all the three groups. In group A, periosteal proliferation started as early as on day 10 post-operatively and complete obliteration of fracture gap by bridging callus was observed on day 30. Remodeling of bridging callus and well-developed periosteal continuity were evident on day 40 PO. Group C revealed pathological fracture and delayed and mal-union. Whereas, in control group B, fracture healing was comparatively slow, delayed and the defect site was well visible till day 40 PO. Histopathological observations further confirmed the radiological and clinical findings. No physiological side effects and other complications were observed in any group.

Alteration in Small Intestinal Structure Induced by Experimental Subclinical Coccidiosis in Chicken

M. Teshfam¹, S. Rahbari²

¹Department of Physiology, Pharmacology & Toxicology
²Department of Parasitology
Faculty of Veterinary Medicine
University of Tehran
Tehran, 14155-6453, Iran

(Received on August 26, 2002; accepted on August 22, 2003)

Abstract

Teshfam, M. and Rahbari, S. 2003. Alteration in small intestinal structure induced by experimental subclinical coccidiosis in chicken. J. Appl. Anim. Res., 24: 33-39.

The aim of this study was to show the changes in the morphology and the absorptive area of the mucosa of the small intestine. The small intestine mucosa of 10 cockerels experimentally infected with the oocyst of Eimeria was examined and compared with 10 healthy broiler chicks. In most samples from infected group a significant reduction in the number of tongue like villi was noticed and more complex villus forms (ridged villi) had appeared at all intestinal sites, compared with control group. Villus width and crypt depth also increased in infected animals compared with control group.

Detection of Antibodies Against Trypanosoma evansi in Dromedary Camels by
Competitive Inhibition Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay

R.A. Shahardar^*, J.R. Rao^**, A.K. Mishra

Division of Parasitology
Indian Veterinary Research Institute
Izatnagar-243 122, India

(Revised received June 25, 2003; accepted July 17, 2003)

Abstract

Shahardar, R.A., Rao, J.R. and Mishra, A.K. 2003. Detection of antibodies against Trypanosoma evansi in dromedary camels by competitive inhibition enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. J. Appl. Anim. Res., 24: 41-48.

A competitive inhibition enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (CI-ELISA) using monospecific (polyclonal) antisera raised in BALB/c mice against affinity purified parasite glycoprotein was standardized for detection of antisera to Trypanosoma evansi in camels. Coating of purified trypanosome glycoprotein antigen at 2 µg ml^-1 concentration followed by incubation with camel (test) sera (1:200) and parasite glycoprotein specific sera designed for competitive inhibition (1:1000) and peroxidase labeled antimouse IgG and IgM conjugate (1:2000) gave satisfactory results. A total of 90 sera samples from camels in surra endemic area of Bikaner, Rajasthan were examined by CI-ELISA and 63 (70%) were found positive for T. evansi antibodies.

Effect of Bacteria and Enzyme Mixture Inoculant on Quality and Feeding Value
of Maize Silage

H. Basmacio—lu, M. Ergül, B.K. Karaayvaz

Department of Animal Science
Faculty of Agriculture, Ege University
35100, Bornova, ¤zmir, Turkey

(Received November 29, 2002; accepted April 28, 2003)

Abstract

Basmacio—lu, H., Ergül, M. and Karaayvaz, B.K. 2003. Effect of bacteria and enzyme mixture inoculant on quality and feeding value of maize silage. J. Appl. Anim. Res., 24: 49-58.

An experiment was carried out to determine the effects of Bacteria and Enzyme (Lactobacillus plantarum, Pediococcus acidilactici and amylase enzyme) mixture inoculant at two different levels as 10⁶ and 10⁴ cfu/g FM on the fermentation characteristics, cell wall content, aerobic stability and feed value of maize ensiled for 56 days. Bacteria and enzyme mixture inoculant improved significantly some fermentation characteristics such as pH and LAB numbers irrespective of the level of inoculum. The inoculant was not effective on cell wall content, aerobic stability and nutrient digestibility of silages.

Seasonal Dynamics of Organic Matter Digestion in Browse Species from Baja California Sur, Mexico

R. Ramírez-Orduña¹, R.G. Ramírez², M.V. Gomez-Meza³, J.A. Armenta-Quintana¹,
J.M. Ramírez-Orduña¹, R. Cepeda-Palacios¹, J.M. Ávila-Sandoval¹

¹Departamento de Zootecnia
Universidad Autónoma de Baja California Sur
Apartado Postal 676, La Paz Baja California Sur. 23080, México

²Facultad de Ciencias Biológícas
³Departamento de Estadistíca
Facultad de Economia
Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León
Apartado Postal 142, Sucursal F. San Nicolás de los Garza
N.L. 66450, México

(Revised received May 27, 2003; accepted June 6, 2003)

Abstract

Ramírez-Orduña, R., Ramírez, R.G., Gomez-Meza, M.V., Armenta-Quintana, J.A., Ramírez-Orduña, J.M., Cepeda-Palacios, R. and Ávila-Sandoval, J.M. 2003. Seasonal dynamics of organic matter digestion in browse species from Baja California Sur, Mexico. J. Appl. Anim. Res., 24: 65-78.

With the aim to estimate seasonally the rate and extent of organic matter degradability (EDOM), ten native species from Baja California Sur, Mexico were evaluated. Branches from the legumes: Acacia peninsularis (Brit. L. Rose) Standley; Cercidium floridium (Benth); Mimosa xantii, Gray; Pithecellobium confine (Standley) and Prosopis sp. (Torr) and non legumes: Bursera microphylla Gray (Burceraceae); Cyrtocarpa edulis (Brand) Stand (Anacordiaceae); Lippia palmeri, S. Wats (Verbenaceae); Opuntia cholla, Weber (Cactaceae) and Turnera diffusa Wild (Turneraceae) were collected from 16 linear transects of 30m, located randomly. Collections were carried out in each season during three consecutive years. Non legumes species were significantly different in their EDOM during spring and summer, whereas legumes species were not affected by season. Differences between plant types were significant only during spring. Cercidium floridium and O. cholla had EDOM values comparable to alfalfa hay. Other plant species resulted with lower EDOM than alfalfa hay. Turnera diffusa had the lowest EDOM. It may appear that forage quality vary according to season, during fall and winter good quality and during the spring and autumn low quality forages are available.

Modeling of Lactation Curves of Dairy Animals

Shiv Prasad

Division of Livestock Economics and Statistics
Indian Veterinary Research Institute
Izatnagar-243 122, India

(Received October 18, 2002; accepted May 15, 2003)

Abstract

Prasad, S. 2003. Modeling of lactation curves of dairy animals. J. Appl. Anim. Res., 24: 79-84.

A new model Y_t=a+bt+ct²+d/t to describe the lactation curve of dairy animals is proposed and compared with four existing models viz. Sikka, Nelder, Wood and Mitscherlich×Exponential by using four measures of goodness of fit; R², mean square error, mean absolute error and Akaike information criterion. The proposed model fits better to four out of five data sets considered in the study than all these models and is capable to describe the real shape of lactation curves of pure and crossbred cattle and Murrah buffaloes.

Comparative Supplemental Value of Noug (Guizotia abyssinica) Meal for Fattening Draught Oxen Fed Teff (Eragrostis teff) Straw

Ashenafi Mengistu

Adami Tulu Research Centre
P.O. Box 35, Ziway, Ethiopia

(Received September 12, 2002; accepted May 10, 2003)

Abstract

Mengistu, A. 2003. Comparative supplemental value of noug (Guizotia abyssinica) meal for fattening draught oxen fed teff (Eragrostis teff) straw. J. Appl. Anim. Res., 24: 85-88.

Twenty-four draught Arsi (Bos indicus) oxen of 7-8 years age and similar body condition were randomly allocated to four groups and individually fed on one of the four diets: teff (Ergrostis teff) straw alone (D-1), D-1 supplemented with 2 kg/head/day of noug (Guizotia abyssinica) meal
(D-2), D-1 supplemented with 1.5 kg maize plus 73 g urea/head/day
(D-3) and D-1 supplemented with 1 kg noug meal plus 1 kg molasses/head/day (D-4). Straw intake was not affected (P>0.01) by treatments but average daily gain, straw utilization efficiency and change in condition score were the highest for the D-2 group. It is concluded that noug meal replaces maize grain with enormous cost advantage when supplemented to teff straw.

Response of Epinephrine on Electrocardiogram During Thiopental and Methoxyflurane Anesthesia in Sheep

M. Edjtehadi¹, D. Mehrabani²

¹Department of Pharmacology, Medical School
Shiraz University of Medical Sciences
Shiraz 71345-1156, Iran

²Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute
Shiraz, Iran

(Received on October 24, 2002; accepted on August 20, 2003)

Abstract

Edjtehadi, M. and Mehrabani, D. 2003. Response of epinephrine on electrocardiogram during thiopental and methoxyflurane anesthesia in sheep. J. Appl. Anim. Res., 24: 89-94.

Due to lack of information concerning thiopental and methoxyflurane-induced myocardium sensitizing to epinephrine in sheep, it was decided to choose sheep as an experimental animal model. The effects of epinephrine on electrocardiograms in thiopental-anesthetized animals showed a significant increase in heart rate, while in methoxyflurane anesthetized animals no such increase was observed. The EKG intervals such as P, PR, QRS, QT, T and ST were significantly reduced in unanesthetized (non-treated) animals. But, in thiopental-anesthetized animals, the decrease was not observed in QRS and T intervals, but in methoxyflurane-anesthetized animals no decrease was observed in P, PR, QRS and T interval. Highly significant increase (P<0.01) was observed in T amplitude in untreated and thiopental-anesthetized animals. The arrhythmogenic effects of epinephrine observed in this study were augmented with thiopental anesthetic; while the effect of epinephrine was not augmented by methoxyflurane anesthetic and it was able to prevent this effect. It is concluded that intravenous use of epinephrine and methoxyflurane concomitantly in clinical circumstances is not hazardous as it is in man due to lack of sensitization of myocardium and/or potentiality for epinephrine effects.

Multiplex PCR for Differentiation of Mycoplasma mycoides Cluster from
other Mycoplasma

Sanjoy Das, V. P. Singh*

National Referral Laboratory on Mycoplasma
Division of Bacteriology & Mycology
Indian Veterinary Research Institute
Izatnagar, 243 122, India

(Revised received June 6, 2003; accepted June 16, 2003)

Abstract

Das, S. and Singh, V.P. 2003. Multiplex PCR for differentiation of Mycoplasma mycoides cluster from other mycoplasma. J. Appl. Anim. Res., 24: 95-100.

A multiplex PCR was standardized for detection of various members of Mycoplasma mycoides cluster and their differentiation from other mycoplasma as well as some other bacteria. Using mycoplasma group specific primers GPO-1/MGSO and Mycoplasma mycoides cluster specific primers MC 323 / MC 358 simultaneously, two amplified products of 1.5 kbp and 715 bp were found only in members of M. mycoides cluster whereas, a single band of 715 bp was detected in all other non cluster mycoplasma and acholeplasma while no amplified product was detected in any other bacterial strain tested.

Effect of Chronic Guanethidine Treatment on Amylobarbitone - Induced Anaesthesia

A.T. Elsa¹, U.A. Osunkwo², P.A. Onyeyili²

¹Department of Veterinary Medicine, Surgery & Theriogenology
²Department of Pharmacology
Usmanu Danfodiyo University
Sokoto, Nigeria

(Received August 28, 2002; accepted June 19, 2003)

Abstract

Elsa, A.T., Osunkwo, U.A. and Onyeyili, P.A. 2003. Effect of chronic guanethidine treatment of amylobarbitone - induced anaesthesia. J. Appl. Anim. Res., 24: 101-104.

The effect of chronic treatment with guanethidine on the pattern of amylobarbitone induced anaesthesia in adult rabbits was studied to find out whether chemical sympathectomy influences barbiturate anaesthesia. The onset and duration of amylobarbitone induced anaesthesia decreased linearly (P<0.05), when treated with 2.5 or 5.0 mg/kg body weight guanethidine. Thus, guanethidine treatment may enhance induction but decrease duration of amylobarbitone anaesthesia in rabbits.

Response of Intestinal Starch Digestion to Duodenal Infusion of Casein

G.D. Mendoza¹, R.A. Britton²

¹Colegio de postgraduados, Programa de Ganaderia
Montecillo México, Km 36.5 Carr. México-Texcoco
Estado de México, 56230 México

²Department of Animal Science
University of Nebraska
Lincoln, USA

(Received November 29, 2002; accepted June 17, 2003)

Abstract

Mendoza, G.D. and Britton, R.A. 2003. Response of intestinal starch digestion to duodenal infusion of casein. J. Appl. Anim. Res., 24: 000-000.

To determine the effect of duodenal infusion of intact casein at 0, 20 or 40 g/d level on intestinal starch digestion, fifteen ruminally, duodenally and ileally fistulated sheep were assigned randomly to treatments. Treatments did not affect percent casein digestion in different parts of gastrointestinal tract. Starch digestion in the small intestine, expressed as a percentage of that entering, increased linearly (P<0.09) from 83 to 90 per cent in response to casein infusions. As more starch was digested in the small intestine (percentage of entering), less starch tended to be digested in the large intestine (linear, P<0.14). Intact casein infused into the duodenum increased the digestion of starch entering the small intestine by an unknown mechanism that presumably increased pancreatic amylase enzyme secretion.