(I am NOT a historian, nor do I claim to be an expert on Rottweiler history. The following information is a review of what I have gleaned from other web sites. I present it hear for helping to understand the breed and not for historical accuracy.)
When In Rome...
When Caesar roamed about the European countryside making war upon everybody he could, his armies used the Roman drovers to herd cattle during the day and to guard their camps from surprise attacks at night.
During the course of Caesar's travels several of the drovers were left behind in a region we know today as Germany.
In the town of Rottweil, Germany (if this sounds remotely familiar it is because this is where the Rottweiler gets its name :o))
the folks began to breed these dogs for particular purposes. They beacame known as the "butcher's dog." Butcher's would use the Rottweiler to drive their cattle, draw their meat carts, and then they would also tie their money bag around the Rottweilers neck.
With the coming of the railroads however, the future of the Rottweiler looked dim. But, police officers became aware of the usefulness of the Rottweiler as a ploice dog, and in 1910 the Rottweiler was officially recognized as a police dog ensuring its survival.
In 1931 the American Kennel Club added the Rottweiler to their Stud Book.
During the Second World War the Rottweiler served both the Nazis and the Allied forces again proving its usefulness.
Since it was admitted to the AKC the popularity of the Rottweiler has been on the rise with the Rottewiler being the third most registered dog just last year.