Tutorial de
MatLab
Por Hender Molina - Lisbeth Román
Comandos de MatLab
General purpose commands:
Managing commands and functions:
help - On-line documentation.
what - Directory listing of M-, MAT- and MEX-files.
type - List M-file.
lookfor - Keyword search through the HELP entries.
which - Locate functions and files.
demo - Run demos.
path - Control MATLAB's search path.
Managing variables and the workspace:
who - List current variables.
whos - List current variables, long form.
load - Retrieve variables from disk.
save - Save workspace variables to disk.
clear - Clear variables and functions from memory.
pack - Consolidate workspace memory.
size - Size of matrix.
length - Length of vector.
disp - Display matrix or text.
Working with files and the operating system:
cd - Change current working directory.
dir - Directory listing.
delete - Delete file.
getenv - Get environment value.
! - Execute operating system command.
unix - Execute operating system command & return result.
diary - Save text of MATLAB session.
Controlling the command window:
cedit - Set command line edit/recall facility parameters.
clc - Clear command window.
home - Send cursor home.
format - Set output format.
echo - Echo commands inside script files.
more - Control paged output in command window.
Starting and quitting from MATLAB:
quit - Terminate MATLAB.
startup - M-file executed when MATLAB is invoked.
matlabrc - Master startup M-file.
General information:
info - Information about MATLAB and The MathWorks, Inc.
subscribe - Become subscribing user of MATLAB.
hostid - MATLAB server host identification number.
whatsnew - Information about new features not yet documented.
ver - MATLAB, SIMULINK, and TOOLBOX version information.
Operators and special characters:
Char Name HELP topic
+ Plus arith
- Minus arith
* Matrix multiplication arith
.* Array multiplication arith
^ Matrix power arith
.^ Array power arith
\ Backslash or left division slash
/ Slash or right division slash
./ Array division slash
kron Kronecker tensor product kron
: Colon colon
( ) Parentheses paren
[ ] Brackets paren
. Decimal point punct
.. Parent directory punct
... Continuation punct
, Comma punct
; Semicolon punct
% Comment punct
! Exclamation point punct
' Transpose and quote punct
= Assignment punct
== Equality relop
< > Relational operators relop
& Logical AND relop
| Logical OR relop
~ Logical NOT relop
xor Logical EXCLUSIVE OR xor
Logical characteristics:
exist - Check if variables or functions are defined.
any - True if any element of vector is true.
all - True if all elements of vector are true.
find - Find indices of non-zero elements.
isnan - True for Not-A-Number.
isinf - True for infinite elements.
finite - True for finite elements.
isempty - True for empty matrix.
issparse - True for sparse matrix.
isstr - True for text string.
isglobal - True for global variables.
Control System Toolbox Commands:
Model building:
append - Append system dynamics.
augstate - Augment states as outputs.
blkbuild - Build state-space system from block diagram.
cloop - Close loops of system.
connect - Block diagram modeling.
conv - Convolution of two polynomials.
destim - Form discrete state estimator from gain matrix.
dreg - Form discrete controller/estimator from gain matrices.
drmodel - Generate random discrete model.
estim - Form continuous state estimator from gain matrix.
feedback - Feedback system connection.
ord2 - Generate A,B,C,D for a second-order system.
pade - Pade approximation to time delay.
parallel - Parallel system connection.
reg - Form continuous controller/estimator from gain matrices.
rmodel - Generate random continuous model.
series - Series system connection.
ssdelete - Delete inputs, outputs, or states from model.
ssselect - Select subsystem from larger system.
Model conversions>:
c2d - Continuous to discrete-time conversion.
c2dm - Continuous to discrete-time conversion with method.
c2dt - Continuous to discrete conversion with delay.
d2c - Discrete to continuous-time conversion.
d2cm - Discrete to continuous-time conversion with method.
poly - Roots to polynomial conversion.
residue - Partial fraction expansion.
ss2tf - State-space to transfer function conversion.
ss2zp - State-space to zero-pole conversion.
tf2ss - Transfer function to state-space conversion.
tf2zp - Transfer function to zero-pole conversion.
zp2tf - Zero-pole to transfer function conversion.
zp2ss - Zero-pole to state-space conversion.
Model reduction:
balreal - Balanced realization.
dbalreal - Discrete balanced realization.
dmodred - Discrete model order reduction.
minreal - Minimal realization and pole-zero cancellation.
modred - Model order reduction.
Model realizations:
canon - Canonical form.
ctrbf - Controllability staircase form.
obsvf - Observability staircase form.
ss2ss - Apply similarity transform.
Model properties:
covar - Continuous covariance response to white noise.
ctrb - Controllability matrix.
damp - Damping factors and natural frequencies.
dcgain - Continuous steady state (D.C.) gain.
dcovar - Discrete covariance response to white noise.
ddamp - Discrete damping factors and natural frequencies.
ddcgain - Discrete steady state (D.C.) gain.
dgram - Discrete controllability and observability gramians.
dsort - Sort discrete eigenvalues by magnitude.
eig - Eigenvalues and eigenvectors.
esort - Sort continuous eigenvalues by real part.
gram - Controllability and observability gramians.
obsv - Observability matrix.
printsys - Display system in formatted form.
roots - Polynomial roots.
tzero - Transmission zeros.
tzero2 - Transmission zeros using random perturbation method.
Time response:
dimpulse - Discrete unit sample response.
dinitial - Discrete initial condition response.
dlsim - Discrete simulation to arbitrary inputs.
dstep - Discrete step response.
filter - SISO z-transform simulation.
impulse - Impulse response.
initial - Continuous initial condition response.
lsim - Continuous simulation to arbitrary inputs.
ltitr - Low level time response function.
step - Step response.
stepfun - Step function.
Frequency response:
bode - Bode plot (frequency response).
dbode - Discrete Bode plot (frequency response).
dnichols - Discrete Nichols plot.
dnyquist - Discrete Nyquist plot.
dsigma - Discrete singular value frequency plot.
fbode - Fast Bode plot for continuous systems.
freqs - Laplace-transform frequency response.
freqz - Z-transform frequency response.
ltifr - Low level frequency response function.
margin - Gain and phase margins.
nichols - Nichols plot.
ngrid - Draw grid lines for Nichols plot.
nyquist - Nyquist plot.
sigma - Singular value frequency plot.
Root locus:
pzmap - Pole-zero map.
rlocfind - Interactive root locus gain determination.
rlocus - Evans root-locus.
sgrid - Draw continuous root locus wn,z grid.
zgrid - Draw discrete root locus wn,z grid.
Gain selection:
acker - SISO pole placement.
dlqe - Discrete linear-quadratic estimator design.
dlqew - General discrete linear quadratic estimator design.
dlqr - Discrete linear-quadratic regulator design.
dlqry - Discrete regulator design with weighting on outputs.
lqe - Linear-quadratic estimator design.
lqed - Discrete estimator design from continuous cost function.
lqe2 - Linear quadratic estimator design using Schur method.
lqew - General linear-quadratic estimator design.
lqr - Linear-quadratic regulator design.
lqrd - Discrete regulator design from continuous cost function.
lqry - Regulator design with weighting on outputs.
lqr2 - Linear quadratic regulator design using Schur method.
place - Pole placement.
Equation solution:
are - Algebraic Riccati equation solution.
dlyap - Discrete Lyapunov equation solution.
lyap - Continuous Lyapunov equation solution.
lyap2 - Lyapunov equation solution using diagonalization.
Demonstrations:
ctrldemo - Introduction to the Control Toolbox.
boildemo - LQG design of boiler system.
jetdemo - Classical design of jet transport yaw damper.
diskdemo - Digital control design of hard disk controller.
kalmdemo - Kalman filter design and simulation.
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