While all web pages are different, they all use the same basic
structure.
This uniformity allows browsers to read the page and understand what the author means.
The framework of a web page is this:
| <HTML> |
| <HEAD> |
| <TITLE> Your Page's Title </TITLE> |
| </HEAD> |
| <BODY> |
| The Body of Your Page |
| </BODY> |
| </HTML> |
The <HTML> </HTML> tells the browser that your page is
definitely HTML code.
The <HEAD> </HEAD> encloses the header of your page. In the page header,
you can add lots of other commands which give the browser special information about your
page.
The <BODY> </BODY> sections off the part of your page that will actually be
displayed.
Now that you have the framework, what actually goes in it? Well, think
of the
body of a web page as an old WordStar-style document. It consists
mainly of text, modified by Tags. There are a wide variety of tags, some of
which are interpreted differently by different browsers.
NOTE: In general, all HTML commands will take the form:
<COMMAND> text </COMMAND>.
Style Tags modify the way your text looks. The following list is
not comprehensive, but it's close:
code</CODE> </ADDRESS>
preformatted text
NOTE: HTML does not recognize more than one
consecutive space as separate entities,
so ten spaces, 2 carriage returns, 3 tabs and 5 more spaces will look like a single
space on your web page when viewed by a browser. One of the only ways
to get HTML to recognize multiple whitespace characters is to use preformatted text.
The downside is that it's displayed in a blah, typewriter-like font.
Since HTML interprets carriage returns as spaces, special tags must
be used for carriage returns. The <BR> tag is the same as a carriage return,
and <P> is the same as two carriage returns.
NOTE: Since HTML condenses whitespace, two
<BR> tags together
are still only equivalent to one carriage return. <P> must be used to get a space
between lines.
Along the same lines as <P> and <BR>, is the <HR> tag.
The difference is that instead
of a space between lines, it draws a line between them.
The thickness of the line can be controlled by using
is the thickness of the line you want.
There is also a No Break tag. It tells the browser that the enclosed
text should
not be broken up unless absolutely necessary. The No Break tag looks like this:
<NOBR> text not to be broken </NOBR>.
Heading Tags are very similar to style tags. Headings come in six sizes,
1-6.
1 is the largest. 6 is smallest. The heading tag also includes an implicit <BR>
at the beginning and end. The format for the heading tags is <H#> with #
being a number 1-6, and they look like this:
<H1>
</H1>
<H2>
</H2>
<H5>
</H5>
A very useful ability is changing the Font Size. This can be done two
ways.
First, is can be done with
is a number 1-7, 1 being smallest. It can also be done with
</FONT>, where ## is a number from -2 to +4. There is a direct
correlation between the two, i.e. 1="-2", 2="-1", etc.
Using the font tags, the whole text
can be changed
Or just a part of it.
One of the cooler tricks with font tags is to simulate an ALLCAPS FONT.
Just make the caps a size or more larger than the lower case letters.
Some characters are recognized by HTML as part of the code, not as text.
&, ", <, and > all are interpreted as code. To use one of these characters
in your text,
you must use an equivalent code. Here's a list:
| & | & |
| " | " |
| < | < |
| > | > |
| ® | ® |
| © | © |
As you can see, other special characters may also be printed using & codes.
NOTE: & codes ARE case sensitive.
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