STATEHOOD:November 2, 1889
CAPITAL:Pierre
LARGEST CITY:Sioux Falls
CONSTITUTION:40th State
STATES POPULATION:737,973
AREA:77,121 sq. mi.
BORDER STATES:Iowa - Minnesota - Montana - Nebraska - North Dakota - Wyoming
MOTTO:"Under God the people rule"
ECONOMY:
AGRICULTURE:Cattle, hogs, wheat, soybeans, milk, corn.
INDUSTRY:Food processing, machinery, lumber and wood products, tourism.
FLAG:The South Dakota flag features the state seal surrounded by a golden blazing sun in a field of sky blue.
Letters reading "South Dakota, The Mount Rushmore State" -- the official state nickname -- are arranged in a
circle around the sun.
GEOLOGY:Land Area; 75,956 sq.mi.
GEOGRAPHIC CENTER:Hughes, 8 miles northeast of Pierre
HIGHEST POINT:Harney Peak; 7,242 feet
LOWEST POINT:Big Stone lake; 962 feet
INLAND WATER:1164 sq.mi.
NICKNAME:Mt. Rushmore State - Coyote State
ORIGIN OF STATES NAME:Dakota is a Sioux Indian word for "friend"
TOPOGRAPHY:Prairie plains in the east; rolling hills of the Great Plains in the west; Black Hills in the
southwest corner.
FLOWER:Pasque Flower pulsatilla hirsutissima
BIRD:Ring-necked Pheasant
TREE:Black Hills Spruce picea glauca

TENNESSEE

STATEHOOD:June 1, 1796
CAPITAL:Nashville
LARGEST CITY:Memphis
CONSTITUTION:16th State
STATES POPULATION:5,368,198
AREA:42,146 sq. mi.
BORDER STATES:Alabama - Arkansas - Georgia - Kentucky - Mississippi - Missouri - North Carolina - Virginia
MOTTO:Agriculture and commerce
ECONOMY:
AGRICULTURE:Soybeans, cotton, tobacco, livestock and livestock products, dairy products, cattle, hogs.
INDUSTRY:Chemicals, transportation equipment, rubber, plastics.
FLAG:The three stars on the flag represent the three different land forms in Tennessee. Mountains in the east,
highlands in the middle and lowlands in the west. On the flag these regions are bound together in an unbroken
circle. The field is crimson with a blue background for the stars. The final blue strip relieves the sameness of the
crimson field and prevents the flag from showing too much crimson when it is limp.
GEOLOGY:Land Area; 41,154 sq.mi.
GEOGRAPHIC CENTER:Rutherford, 5 miles northeast of Murfreesboro
HIGHEST POINT:Clingmans Dome; 6643 feet
LOWEST POINT:Mississippi River; 182 feet
INLAND WATER:989 sq.mi.
NICKNAME:Volunteer State
ORIGIN OF STATES NAME:Named after Cherokee Indian villages called "Tanasi"
TOPOGRAPHY:Rugged country in the east; Great Smokey Mountains of the Uankas; low ridges in the Applachian
Valley; the flat Cumberland Plateau; slightly rolling terrain and knobs of the interior low plateau, the largest region;
Eastern Gulf coastal plain to the west, laced with meandering streams; Mississippi alluvial plain, a narrow strip of
swamp and flood plain in the extreme west.
FLOWER:Iris iridaceae
BIRD:Mockingbird
TREE:Tulip poplar liriodendron tulipifera

TEXAS

STATEHOOD:December 29, 1845
CAPITAL:Austin
LARGEST CITY:Houston
CONSTITUTION:28th State
STATES POPULATION:19,439,337
AREA:268,601 sq. mi.
BORDER STATES:Arkansas - Louisiana - New Mexico - Oklahoma
MOTTO:Friendship
ECONOMY:
AGRICULTURE:Cattle, cotton, dairy products, nursery stock, poultry, sorghum, corn, wheat.
INDUSTRY:Chemical products, petroleum and natural gas, food processing, electric equipment,machinery,
mining, tourism.
FLAG:The flag was adopted as the state flag when Texas became the 28th state in 1845. As with the flag of the
United States, the blue stands for loyalty, the white represents strength, and the red is for bravery.
COASTLINE:367 mi.
SHORELINE:3,359 mi.
GEOLOGY:Land Area; 262,015 sq.mi.
GEOGRAPHIC CENTER:McCulloch, 15 miles northeast of Brady
HIGHEST POINT:Guadalupe Peak; 8,749 feet
LOWEST POINT:Gulf coast; sea level
INLAND WATER:    4,790 sq.mi.
NICKNAME:Lone Star State
ORIGIN OF STATES NAME:Based on a word used by Caddo Indians meaning "friends"
PRESIDENTIAL BIRTHPLACE:Dwight David Eisenhower 1953-1961 ** Lyndon Baines Johnson, 1963-1969
TOPOGRAPHY:Gulf Coast Plain in the south and southeast; North Central Plains slope upward with some hills;
Great Plains extend over the Panhandle, are broken by low mountains; Trans-Pecos are southern extention
of the Rocky Mountains.
FLOWER:Bluebonnet lupinus
BIRD:Mockingbird
TREE:Pecan carya illinoensis

UTAH

STATEHOOD:January 4, 1896
CAPITAL:Salt Lake City
LARGEST CITY:Salt Lake City
CONSTITUTION:45th State
STATES POPULATION:2,059,148
AREA:84,904 sq.mi.
BORDER STATES:Arizona - Colorado - Idaho - Nevada - New Mexico - Wyoming
MOTTO:Industry
ECONOMY:
AGRICULTURE:Cattle, dairy products, hay, turkeys.
INDUSTRY:Machinery, aerospace, mining, food processing, electric equipment, tourism.
FLAG:On a blue field, appears the state seal. In the center of the seal is a beehive, the state emblem, with a sego lily
growing on either side. The sego lily stands for peace. The state motto "Industry" means steady effort.
A national flag shows that Utah supports the United States. The eagle stands for protection in peace and war.
The date 1847 represents the year that Brigham Young led a group of people to the Salt Lake Valley to reestablish
in Utah, the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter day Saints, also known as The Mormons. The date 1896 represents
the year that Utah gained admission to the Union of the United States.
GEOLOGY:    Land Area; 82,076 sq.mi.
GEOGRAPHIC CENTER:Sanpete, 3 miles north of Manti
HIGHEST POINT:Kings Peak; 13,528 feet
LOWEST POINT:Beaverdam Creek; 2000 feet
INLAND WATER:2826 sq.mi.
NICKNAME:Beehive State
ORIGIN OF STATES NAME:Taken from the name of the Ute Indians, whose name means "people of the mountains"
TOPOGRAPHY:High Colorado plateau cut by brilliantly colored canyons in the southeast; broad, flat, desert like
Great Basin of the west; the Great Salt Lake and Bonneville Salt Flats in the northwest; Middle Rockies
in the northeast running east-west; valleys and plateaus of the Wasatch Front.
FLOWER:Sego lily calochortus gunnisonii
BIRD:American Seagull
TREE:Blue Spruce picea pungens

VERMONT

STATEHOOD:March 4, 1791
CAPITAL:Montpelier
LARGEST CITY:Burlington
CONSTITUTION:14th State
STATES POPULATION:588,978
AREA:9,615 sq. mi.
BORDER STATES:Massachusetts - New Hampshire - New York
MOTTO:Freedom and unity
ECONOMY:
AGRICULTURE:Dairy products, cattle, hay, apples, maple products.
INDUSTRY:Electronic equipment, fabricated metal products, printing and publishing, paper products, tourism.
FLAG:The picture on a deep blue field is a scene painting. You see a tall pine tree, a cow and sheves of wheat.
The Green Mountains are in the distance. Pine boughs extend around a shield.
The name "Vermont" and the state motto "Freedom and Unity" are displayed on a crimson banner.
At the the top of the shield is a stag's head.
GEOLOGY:Land Area; 9,273 sq.mi.
GEOGRAPHIC CENTER:Washington, 3 miles east of Roxbury
HIGHEST POINT:Mt. Mansfield; 4,393 feet
LOWEST POINT:Lake Champlain
INLAND WATER:366 sq.mi.
NICKNAME:Green Mountain State
ORIGIN OF STATES NAME:Based on "verts monts," French for green mountains
PRESIDENTIAL BIRTHPLACE:Chester Alan Arthur, 1881-1885 ** Calvin Coolidge, 1923-1929
TOPOGRAPHY:Green Mountains create north-south backbone 20-36 miles wide; average altitude, 1,000 feet.
FLOWER:Red Clover trifolium pratense
BIRD:Hermit Thrush
TREE:Sugar Maple acer saccharum

Commonwealth of
VIRGINIA

STATEHOOD:June 25, 1788
CAPITAL:Richmond
LARGEST CITY:Virginia Beach
CONSTITUTION:10th State
STATES POPULATION:6,733,996
AREA:42,769 sq. mi.
BORDER STATES:Kentucky - Maryland - North Carolina - Tennessee - West Virginia
MOTTO:Sic semper tyrannis "Thus ever to tyrants"
ECONOMY:
AGRICULTURE:Cattle, poultry, dairy products, tobacco, hogs, soybeans.
INDUSTRY:Transportation equipment, textiles, food processing, printing, electric equipment, chemicals.
FLAG:A deep blue field contains the seal of Virginia with the Latin motto " Sic Semper Tyrannis" - "Thus Ever
to Tyrants". Adopted in 1776. The two figures are acting out the meaning of the motto. Both are dressed as warriors.
The woman, Virtue, represents Virginia. The man holding a scorge and chain shows that he is a tyrant.
His fallen crown is nearby.
COASTLINE:112 mi.
SHORELINE:3,315 mi.
GEOLOGY:Land Area; 39,700 sq.mi.
GEOGRAPHIC CENTER:5 miles southwest of Buckingham
HIGHEST POINT:Mt. Rogers; 5,729 feet
LOWEST POINT:Atlantic coast; sea level
INLAND WATER:1,063 sq.mi.
NICKNAME:Old Dominion
ORIGIN OF STATES NAME:Named for England's "Virgin Queen," Elizabeth I
PRESIDENTIAL BIRTHPLACE:
George Washington, 1789-1797
Thomas Jefferson, 1801-1809
James Madison, 1809-1817
James Monroe, 1817-1825
Willian Henry Harrison, 1841
John Tyler, 1841-1845
Zachary Taylor, 1849-1850
Woodrow Wilson, 1913-1921
TOPOGRAPHY:Mountain and valley region in the west, including the Blue Ridge Mountains; rolling piedmont
plateau; tidewater, or coastal plain, including the eastern shore.
FLOWER:Dogwood cornus florida
BIRD:Cardinal
TREE:Dogwood cornus florida

WASHINGTON

STATEHOOD:November 11, 1889
CAPITAL:Olympia
LARGEST CITY:Seattle
CONSTITUTION:42nd State
STATES POPULATION:5,610,362
AREA:71,303 sq. mi.
BORDER STATES:Idaho - Oregon
MOTTO:Alki "Bye and Bye"
ECONOMY:
AGRICULTURE:Seafood, dairy products, apples, cattle, wheat, potatoes, nursery stock.
INDUSTRY:Aerospace, food processing, paper products, lumber and wood products, chemical products, tourism.
FLAG:The state flag and the state seal are similar. Passed in 1923, Washington state law describes the flag as having
dark green bunting with a state seal in the center. It is the only state
flag that is green. It is also the only state flag with a picture of a president.
COASTLINE:157 mi.
SHORELINE:3,026 mi.
GEOLOGY:Land Area; 66,512 sq.mi.
GEOGRAPHIC CENTER:Chelan, 10 miles westsouthwest of Wenatchee
HIGHEST POINT:Mt. Rainier; 14,410 feet
LOWEST POINT:Pacific coast, sea level
INLAND WATER:1627 sq.mi.
NICKNAME:Evergreen State
ORIGIN OF STATES NAME:Named after George Washington
TOPOGRAPHY:Olympic Mountains on the northwest peninsula; open land along coast to Columbia River; flat terrain
of Puget Sound lowland; Cascade Mountains high peaks to the east of lowland; Columbia Basin in central
portion; highlands to the northeast;mountains to the southeast.
FLOWER:Coast Rhododendron rhododendron macrophyllum
BIRD:Willow Goldfinch
TREE:Western Hemlock tsuga heterophylla

WEST VIRGINIA

STATEHOOD:June 20, 1863
CAPITAL:Charleston
LARGEST CITY:Charleston
CONSTITUTION:35th State
STATES POPULATION:1,815,787
AREA:24,231 sq. mi.
BORDER STATES:Kentucky - Maryland - Ohio - Pennsylvania - Virginia
MOTTO:Montani semper liberi
ECONOMY:
AGRICULTURE:Cattle, dairy products, poultry, apples.
INDUSTRY:Chemical products, mining, primary metals, stone, clay, and glass products, tourism.
FLAG:A white field is bordered in dark blue. West Virginia's flag displays a rock containing the date June 20, 1863,
the day West Virginia became a state. The two men represent farming and mining. Below them are two rifles with
a "Liberty Cap" on top the rifles. A banner ribbon includes the state motto " Mountainiers Are Always Free".
Around the picture are a wreath of rhododendren and the name of the state on a red ribbon.
GEOLOGY:Land Area; 24,124 sq.mi.
GEOGRAPHIC CENTER:Braxton, 4 miles east of Sutton
HIGHEST POINT:Spruce knob; 4,863 feet
LOWEST POINT:Potomac River; 240 feet
INLAND WATER:112 sq.mi.
NICKNAME:Mountain State
ORIGIN OF STATES NAME:Named after England's Queen Elizabeth I, the "Virgin Queen"
TOPOGRAPHY:Ranging from hilly to mountainous; Allegheny plateau, in the west, covers two-thirds of the state;
mountains over 4,000 feet.
FLOWER:Rhododendron rhododendron maximum
BIRD:Cardinal
TREE:Sugar maple acer saccharum

WISCONSIN

STATEHOOD:May 29, 1848
CAPITAL:Madison
LARGEST CITY:Milwaukee
CONSTITUTION:30th State
STATES POPULATION:5,169,677
AREA:    65,503 sq. mi.
BORDER STATES:Illinois - Iowa - Michigan - Minnesota
MOTTO:Forward
ECONOMY:
AGRICULTURE:Cheese, dairy products, cattle, hogs, vegetables, corn, cranberries.
INDUSTRY:Machinery, food processing, paper products, electric equipment, fabricated metal products, tourism.
FLAG:Starting at the top of a shield on a dark blue field is the state
motto "Forward". Below it is a badger the state animal. A sailor and miner show that the people work on water
and land. The shield in the center shows Wisconsin's support for the United States. In four sections surrounding
the shield are representations of the states main industries:
Agriculture, mining, manufacturing and navigation. The cornicopia and pile of lead represent farm products
and minerals. The flag law was amended in 1979 to include the name of the state and the date of statehood.
GEOLOGY:Land Area; 54,424 sq.mi.
GEOGRAPHIC CENTER:Wood, 9 miles southeast of Marshfield
HIGHEST POINT:Timms Hill; 1952 feet
LOWEST POINT:Shore of Lake Michigan; 581 feet
INLAND WATER:1727 sq.mi.
GREAT LAKES:9,355 sq.mi.
NICKNAME:Badger State
ORIGIN OF STATES NAME:Based on an Indian word "Ouisconsin" believed to mean "grassy place" in the
Cheppewa tongue.
TOPOGRAPHY:Narrow Lake Superior lowland plain met by Northern highland, which slopes gently to the sandy
crescent central plain; Western upland in the southwest; three broad parallel limestone ridges running north-south
are seperated by wide and shallow lowland in the south-east.
FLOWER:Wood Violet viola papilionacea
BIRD:Robin
TREE:Sugar Maple acer saccharum

WYOMING

STATEHOOD:July 10, 1890
CAPITAL:Cheyenne
LARGEST CITY:Cheyenne
CONSTITUTION:44th State
STATES POPULATION:479,743
AREA:97,819 sq. mi.
BORDER STATES:Colorado - Idaho - Montana - Nebraska - South Dakota - Utah
MOTTO:Equal rights
ECONOMY:
AGRICULTURE:Cattle, sugar beets, sheep, hay, wheat.
INDUSTRY:Mining, chemical products, lumber and wood products, printing and publishing, machinery, tourism.
FLAG:A bison on a blue field bordered in white and red. The state seal branded on the bison. The woman represents
the state motto "Equal Rights" and the two men represent cattle ranchers and miners. The words "Livestock",
"Mines", "Grains" and "Oil" represent Wyoming's wealth. The eagle and shield show support for the United States.
The dates 1869 and 1890 tell when Wyoming organized as a territory of the United States
and when it became a state.
GEOLOGY:Land Area; 96,988 sq.mi.
GEOGRAPHIC CENTER:Fremont, 58 miles eastnortheast of Lander
HIGHEST POINT:Gannett Peak; 13,804 feet
LOWEST POINT:Blind Park; 3,100 feet
INLAND WATER:820 sq.mi.
NICKNAMES:Equality State - Cowboy State
ORIGIN OF STATES NAME:Based on an Algonquin or Delaware Indian word meaning "large prairie place"
TOPOGRAPHY:Eastern Great Plains rise to the foothills of the Rocky Mountains; Continental Divide crosses
the state from north-west to the south-east.
FLOWER:Indian Paintbrush castilleja linariaefolia
BIRD:Western Meadowlark
TREE:Cottonwood populus sargentii

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