DIABETES
What Is
Immune-Mediated Diabetes? Immune-mediated diabetes (formerly
called insulin-dependent diabetes) is a disease that affects the
way your body uses food. Immune-mediated diabetes is also called
type 1 diabetes.
In type 1
diabetes your body destroys the cells in the pancreas that
produce insulin, usually leading to a total failure to produce
insulin. It typically starts in children or young adults who are
slim, but can start at any age.
Without
insulin, your body cannot control blood levels of sugar. And
without insulin, you would die. So people with type 1 diabetes
give themselves at least one shot of insulin every day.
WWW.DIABETES.COM
Diabetes
THE AMERICAN DIABETES
ASSOCIATION.
DYSLEXIA
The
literal translation of dyslexia means the inability to master
language. People who are dyslexic have trouble learning the code
for written language, making it very difficult to learn how to
read and write. Dyslexia is a disability that is often
misunderstood. Many people, as well as those that are affected by
the disability, often think that they are unintelligent when in
fact they may be very intelligent.People with dyslexia often
excel in areas not affected by their disability.There are many
characteristics that make up dyslexia.Three categories of
dyslexia include visual dyslexia, auditory dyslexia, and a
combination of auditory and visual dyslexia.
Visual
dyslexia is characterized by reversals of letters and numbers,
faulty sequencing, coding and/or decoding, of letters in words,
number in a series, and events in a narrative. Visual dyslexics
also have problems with disorientation in time and space
relationships, and problems in processing, interpreting, and
recalling visual images. Auditory dyslexia is characterized by
problems with integrating and processing what is heard. These
people also have problems with recalling sounds and being able to
put a sound with the letter it represents. When an individual has
a combination of visual and auditory dyslexia, it is more
pronounced.
Click here:
Disability on the Net - Dyslexia
Click here: link.html
at www.geneseo.edu
Click here: Van Stee
Starting Point Page - Final
DOWN
SYNDROME
Down's syndrome is a common form of learning disability. It is
caused by the presence of an extra chromosome passed on at the
time of conception. This results in a disruption in growth and
developmental delay. Each person is individual and different as
within the rest of the population but many with this syndrome
share some physical characteristics including poor muscle tone,
which usually improves as the child grows and many children have
intermittent hearing loss. Children with Down's syndrome may also
have health problems including heart defects
Educate Online Down's
Syndrome Links
Down Syndrome Title Page
MHDSA - Down's Links
Links to other Webs
for Down Syndrome
EPILEPSY
Epilepsy
is a disorder of the brain which takes the form of recurring
seizures. These occur as a result of a brief disturbance in the
brain's electrochemical activity. Sudden bursts of this
electrochemical activity scramble the brain's messages upsetting
the brain's normal control of the body.
Seizures
can sometimes look frightening but rarely cause any damage to the
brain. Once the seizure is over, the person gradually returns to
a normal state without any ill-effects.
Epilepsy
is a common condition in our community. Research suggests that
one or two people in every 100 will develop the condition at some
stage in their lives. Most people have their first seizure before
the age of 20 but epilepsy can develop at any age.
Many
factors can contribute to the development of epilepsy including
brain infections, head injuries, cerebral tumours and strokes. It
is also now recognised that some types of epilepsy may be
inherited.
While
advances in modern medical and scientific technology have made it
easier to pinpoint those factors which may contribute to the
development of epilepsy, it is not always clear why some people
develop the condition.
General Epilepsy
Information
University Medical
Center (UMC) -- Arizona --...
Comprehensive
Epilepsy Program
FIBRO
MYALGIA
This was
a tough one but because of the continual association of Chronic
Fatigue Syndrome and Fibro Myalgia I have incorporated both in
this section.
Chronic
fatigue syndrome and fibromyalgia are similar.
Fibromyalgia
has been defined by a committee of the American College of
Rheumatology as the presence of a history of widespread pain
involving both sides of the body, above and below the waist, and
pain on digital palpation in 11 of 18 tender-point sites.
One of
the first reports of similarity between these two syndromes was
made by Buchwald and associates. Fifty patients with fibromyalgia
were analyzed to determine the prevalence of chronic
fatigue syndrome (called "chronic Epstein-Barr virus
infection" in their report). The majority of fibromyalgia
patients experienced recurrent pharyngitis, disordered sleep,
myalgia, joint pain, anxiety, and depression. Many of these
patients also had recurrent rash, cough, recurrent adenopathy,
and intermittent low-grade fever. In a second, smaller report,
Wysenbeek and associates found that
although the majority of their 33 fibromyalgia patients
complained of fatigue, only 21 percent satisfied the criteria for
chronic fatigue syndrome. Goldenberg and associates compared the
signs and symptoms in 20 patients with fibromyalgia, 19 with
chronic fatigue syndrome characterized by myalgia, and eight with
chronic fatigue syndrome without myalgia. They found that sleep
disturbance, morning stiffness, and the number of tender points
were similar for the fibromyalgia patients and the chronic
fatigue syndrome patients with myalgia. These three features,
however, were not encountered in chronic fatigue syndrome
patients without myalgia .
Chronic
fatigue syndrome and fibromyalgia may share some common
physiologic muscle dysfunction. Low muscle-oxygen tension,
reduced blood flow, and abnormal phosphate metabolism have been
described in both fibromyalgia and chronic fatigue syndrome.
Fibro Myalgia
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HUNTINGTONS
DISEASE
Huntington's
disease, which is often called HD, is an hereditary disorder of
the central nervous system. It used to be known as Huntington's
Chorea or HC. HD usually develops in adulthood and can cause a
very wide range of symptoms. It affects both men and women
Huntingtons Disease
Association : Fact Sheet Two
bout Huntington's
Disease
Definition1.htm at
www.ndsu.nodak.edu
Intro.html at www.ndsu.nodak.edu
MULTIPLE
SCLEROSIS
Multiple
Sclerosis is one of the most common diseases of the central
nervous system (brain and spinal cord). MS is an inflammatory
demyelinating condition. Myelin is a fatty material that
insulates nerves, acting much like the covering of an electric
wire and allowing the nerve to transmit its impulses rapidly. It
is the speed and efficiency with which these impulses are
conducted that permits smooth, rapid and co-ordinated movements
to be performed with little conscious effort. In Multiple
Sclerosis, the loss of myelin (demyelination) is accompanied by a
disruption in the ability of the nerves to conduct electrical
impulses to and from the brain and this produces the various
symptoms of MS. The sites where myelin is lost (plaques or
lesions) appear as hardened (scar) areas: in Multiple Sclerosis
these scars appear at different times and in different areas of
the brain and spinal cord - the term Multiple Sclerosis meaning,
literally, many scars.
WoMS - What is MS?
WENDY'S PAGE...
ST. JOHNS of NEWFOUNDLAND...
PARKINSONS
Parkinson's
Disease is a common disorder of the brain. In Parkinson's Disease,
certain brain cells called neurons deteriorate. The exact reason
for this process is not known. These neurons are important
because they produce a substance called dopamine. Dopamine is a
chemical "messenger'' in the brain that helps the nervous
system control muscle activity. When these neurons are destroyed
dopamine is not produced at the normal rate. After it is produced,
dopamine is broken down by an enzyme in the body called monoamine
oxidase-B (MAO-B). This breakdown reduces the dopamine supply
further An abnormally low supply of dopamine causes Parkinson's
symptoms to appear Primary symptoms include: stiffness, tremor,
slowness and poverty of movement, difficulty with balance, and
difficulty in walking.
Parkinson's Web
Resources - USA
NEW PARKINSONS REPORT
Site of the Month
Jeana's Parkinson's
Page
Liszt: Health/Parkinsons
TAY SACH DISEASE
Tay-Sachs disease is a fatal genetic disorder in which harmful quantities of a fatty substance called ganglioside GM2 accumulate in the nerve cells in the brain. Infants with Tay-Sachs disease appear to develop normally for the first few months of life. Then, as nerve cells become distended with fatty material, a relentless deterioration of mental and physical abilities occurs. The child becomes blind, deaf, and unable to swallow. Muscles begin to atrophy and paralysis sets in. A much rarer form of the disorder which occurs in patients in their twenties and early thirties is characterized by unsteadiness of gait and progressive neurological deterioration. Patients with Tay-Sachs have a "cherry-red" spot in the back of their eyes. The condition is caused by insufficient activity of an enzyme called hexosaminidase A that catalyzes the biodegradation of acidic fatty materials known as gangliosides. Gangliosides are made and biodegraded rapidly in early life as the brain develops. Patients and carriers of Tay-Sachs disease can be identified by a simple blood test that measures hexosaminidase A activity. Both parents must be carriers in order to have an affected child. When both parents are found to carry a genetic mutation in hexosaminidase A, there is a 25 percent chance with each pregnancy that the child will be affected with Tay-Sachs disease. Prenatal monitoring of pregnancies is available if desired.
TOURETTE
SYNDROME
Tourette
Syndrome is a hereditary neurological movement disorder
characterized by repetitive vocal and motor tics. Symptoms may
include involuntary movements of the arms, legs, shoulders, and
face. In some cases, these movements may be accompanied by
uncontrollable sounds or inappropriate words.
Symptoms
begin between the ages of 2 & 21. Many TS patients also have
ADHD (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder) and/or OCD (Obsessive
Compulsive Disorder). Associated behavioral disorders and/or
learning disabilities may also be present. There is no cure at
this time.
MEL: Tourette
Syndrome
Tourette Syndrome
Web Project on
Tourette Syndrome
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Last Updated on December 30 2000