Most European countries have Green Parties which support policies aimed at reducing the growth of modern industry. These parties vary. In Germany the green party is much more like the non-communist left, and supports socialist policies as well as ecological matters.

The policies tend to be: controls on vehicle emissions by increasing the price of oil products, road pricing, encouraging electric vehicle research and above all better public transport (streetcars, subways, railways); encouragement for non-fossil and non-nuclear energy by taxes on emissions, and subsidy for research into the solar technologies.

In general they support the insights provided by the Club of Rome publications and other warnings on ecological problems facing the planet in the present and future. (See World Problems for a book list). Perhaps too they represent a spiritual change or return to the traditional respect for nature found among such people as the Native Americans and Africans before the arrival of Europeans.

Al Gore, former Vice President of the United States, has written an influential text: Earth in the Balance and produced a book and film "An Inconvenient Truth".