1. _____ is usually the longest phase in the cell cycle.
a. telophase
b. anaphase
c. interphase
d. metaphase
2. The first phase of mitosis is _____.
a. telophase
b. anaphase
c. prophase
d. metaphase
3. Synthesis occurs during _____.
a. telophase
b. anaphase
c. interphase
d. metaphase
4. A _____ consists of DNA wound around four histones.
a. ATP synthases
b. hemoglobin
c. nucleosome
d. amino acids
5. Spindle microtubules attach to the _____ on the chromosome.
a. centriole
b. central vacuole
c. kinetochore
d. motor protein
6. The symbol _____ denotes the diploid chromosome number.
a. n
b. 2n
c. 4n
d. 3n
7. Centrioles _____.
a. stabilize the spindle
b. organize the DNA
c. give rise to cilia or flagella
d. help break down the nuclear envelope
8. During _____ the nuclear envelope begins to break.
a. prophase
b. anaphase
c. interphase
d. metaphase
9. What phase are the chromosomes replicated in?
a. prophase
b. anaphase
c. interphase
d. metaphase
10. Cytokinesis involves _____ in plants.
a. cleavage
b. cell plate formation
c. prokaryotic fission
d. none of the above
11. The nuclei of daughter cells produced through mitosis have _____.
a. half the number of chromosomes in the parent nucleus
b. twice the number of chromosomes in the parent nucleus
c. the same number of chromosomes as the parent nucleus
d. the haploid number of chromosomes
12. Most animals have _____ somatic cells.
a. haploid
b. diploid
c. triploid
d. aneuploid
13. Humans have _____ chromosomes in each cell.
a. 13
b. 26
c. 23
d. 46
14. DNA is replicated during _____ of interphase.
a. G1
b. G2
c. S phase
d. mitosis
15. When are the chromosomes dispersed throughout the nucleus and cannot be distinguished by a microscope?
a. interphase
b. metaphase
c. prophase
d. anaphase
16. During what phase are the centrioles duplicated?
a. interphase
b. metaphase
c. prophase
d. anaphase
17. Spindle microtubules must attach to _____ to move the chromosomes.
a. telomeres
b. kinetochores
c. histone proteins
d. centrioles
18. The chromosomes line up at the spindle equator during _____.
a. interphase
b. metaphase
c. prophase
d. anaphase
19. Sister chromatids stay attached in mitosis until _____.
a. telophase
b. metaphase
c. prophase
d. anaphase
20. Chromosomes begin decondensing in _____.
a. telophase
b. metaphase
c. prophase
d. anaphase
21. Homologous chromosomes seperate in _____ of meiosis.
a. prophase I
b. anaphase I
c. mataphaes I
d. anaphase II
22. During _____ of meiosis, sister chromatids become independent chromosomes.
a. prophase I
b. anaphase I
c. metaphase I
d. anaphase II
23. What is asexual reproduction?
a. is the most common form of reproduction in higher organisms
b. requires only one parent
c. produces wide variety of offspring
d. none of the above
24. Different forms of the same genes are _____.
a. chromatids
b. chromosomes
c. alleles
d. traits
25. After meiosis, the chromosome number is _____.
a. n
b. 2n
c. 4n
d. 3n
26. Crossing over happens in _____.
a. telophase I
b. anaphase II
c. prophase I
d. metaphase II
27. A zygote grows into a _____, in plant cells.
a. sporophyte
b. gametophyte
c. spore
d. gamete
28. When are chromosomes duplicated?
a. telophase I
b. anaphase II
c. prophase I
d. interphase
29. Sexual reproduction is _____ compared to asexual reproduction.
a. is more efficient
b. produces more variety in the offspring
c. requires only one parent
d. produces more offspring
30. Synapsis happens _____.
a. during interphase
b. between meiosis I and meiosis II
c. during prophase I
d. during prophase II
31. The seperation of sister chromatids happens during _____.
a. interphase
b. prophase I
c. anaphase I
d. anaphase II
32. When crossing over, _____ break and swap segments.
a. sister chromatids
b. nonsister chromatids of a homologous pair
c. nonhomologous chromatids
d. X and Y chromosomes
33. When are paired homologous chromosomes found at the spindle equator?
a. prophase I
b. anaphase II
c. interphase
d. metaphase I
34. Sexually reproducing organisms produce offspring differnt from themselves because of _____.
a. crossing over
b. random arrangement of chromosomes from the spindle equator
c. fertilization is a chance mix of genetically different gametes
d. all of the above
35. A human sperm cell's chromosome number is _____.
a. 23
b. 46
c. 24
d. 48
36. Asexual reproduction is executed by _____.
a. gametogenesis
b. mitosis
c. fusion of sex cells
d. all of the above
37. Mitosis is similiar to meiosis because _____.
a. synapsis is a characteristic event
b. spindle fibers control movement of chromosomes
c. the daughter cells are identical
d. haploid cells are produced
38. Telophase I is followed by _____, in meiosis.
a. anaphase II
b. metaphase II
c. prophase II
d. G1 of interphase
39. Chiasmata are produced after _____ has happened.
a. mitosis
b. crossing over
c. fertilization
d. oogenesis
40. A total of _____ combinations of maternal and paternal chromosomes are possible each time a human germ cell gives rise to an egg or sperm.
a. 23
b. 46
c. 2277
d. 8,388,608
41. What is a chromosome that consists of two sister chromatids?
a. a duplicated chromosme
b. the end product of meiosis
c. a single chromosome
d. a homologous pair
