History of Vampires

The history of the vampire is a long one which dates back many centuries. Belief in vampires grew from a respectful fear of the dead, and a belief in the magical qualities of blood. One of the first written records of " vampire" activity was by William of Newburgh, an English historian. He noted that in the 12th century, there were some cases of the dead coming back to terrorize, attack and killl the living during the night. He called thses creatures sanguisuga, otherwise known as "bloodsucker". Many different terms were used to describe these creatures such as vukodlak (Serbian-taken from the word for werewolf), vampir(Serbian also though its origin is debated), vrykolakas, and upyr( Russian).

On January 7, 1732 a report was signed by Regimental Field Surgeon Johannes Fluckinger and three of his assistants of the Austrian government describing their involvement and investigation of vampirism in Serbia. This was the case of Arnold Paole.

**Account I**


Peter Plogojowitz

One of the first written accounts of vampiric activity took place in 1725. This case was witnessed by German military officials stationed in the village of Kisilova, a part of Serbia but today is known as Slavia. The subject Peter Plogojowitz had been dead for 10 weeks when 9 more people died after suffering an illness which lasted 24 hours. Each had said that Peter had visited them in their sleep, laid upon them and throttled them. After he had visited his wife, she left the village. They exhumed the body of Peter, and found no odor like that of someone who had been dead and is decomposing. They did find however that there was fresh blood in his mouth, and his nails had grown. Also, his hair and beard had grown, and his skin had not fallen away, but had been replaced by a fresher, newer looking skin. They used the traditional methods to distinguish the vampire, and as the stake passed through his heart, blood spurted forth from it. His body was then burned to ashes.

**Account II**


Arnold Paole (Paul)
Visum Et Repertum - Seen and Discovered

In the village of Medvegia there were rumors that a vampire had killed and sucked the blood out of some people. Arnold Paole had fallen and broken his neck about 5 years ago in a fall from a haywagon. During his lifetime, Arnold had revealed that he had been troubled by a vampire, but he had eaten earth from the vampires grave and smeared himself with its blood. About a month after he died, some people were complaining that he was bothering them at night, and in fact 4 people were killed by him. They dug up Arnold's body 40 days after he died to see if in fact he was a vampire. They found his body undecomposed and quite complete. Fresh blood flowed from his eyes and nostrils, new nails had replaced the old ones, and so since they were the signs of a true vampire they stuck a stake through his heart. It is written that when the stake passed through his heart, he gave a groan, and bled a lot. They burned his body the same day down to ashes and threw those in the grave as well. These people also said that anyone who was tormented by Arnold would also become vampires, so they also unearthed those bodies and disposed of them in the same manner. Also, since Arnold Paole also sucked and drained the blood from cattle and since the people used the flesh of these cattle, some more vampires were present in that town again. In a period of 3 months, 17 more people died, some of them who had an illness which only lasted 2 or 3 days. After the daughter of the haiduk, lay down to sleep and complained of chest pains after a visit from one of the recently dead. They went the next day to the graves of those dead and found them in the same manner they found Arnold Paole. There was found 13 fresh corpses which should have been decomposed.

These accounts seem like the kind which should be found in horror novels, but the fact that they were witnessed and signed by prominent city officials says that it is no work of fiction. These events, well-hidden in the history books, are the basis for the belief in vampirism.

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