¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡ÎÒÓÐÒ»¸öÃÎÏë¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Ð¡Âí¶¡¡¤Â·µÂ¡¤½ð
½ñÌ죬ÎÒ¸ßÐ˵Øͬ´ó¼ÒÒ»Æ𣬲μÓÕâ´Î½«³ÉΪÎÒ¹úÀúÊ·ÉÏΪÁËÕùÈ¡×ÔÓɶø¾ÙÐеÄ×îΰ´ó
µÄʾÍþ¼¯»á¡£
¡¡¡¡100ÄêÇ°£¬Ò»Î»Î°´óµÄÃÀ¹úÈË¡ª¡ª½ñÌìÎÒÃǾÍÕ¾ÔÚËûÏóÕ÷ÐÔµÄÉíÓ°Ï¡ª¡ªÇ©ÊðÁË¡¶½â·Å
ÐûÑÔ¡·¡£ÕâÏîÖØÒª·¨ÁîµÄ°ä²¼£¬¶ÔÓÚǧ°ÙÍò×Æ¿¾ÓÚ·ÇÕýÒå²ÐÑæÖеĺÚÅ«£¬ÓÌÈç´øÀ´Ï£ÍûÖ®¹
â
µÄ˶´óµÆËþ£¬Ç¡ËƽáÊøÂþÂþ³¤Ò¹½ûïÀµÄ»¶³©ÀèÃ÷¡£
¡¡¡¡È»¶ø£¬100Äêºó£¬ºÚÈËÒÀȻûÓлñµÃ×ÔÓÉ¡£100Äêºó£¬ºÚÈËÒÀÈ»±¯²ÒµØõçõÇÓÚÖÖ×å¸ôÀë
ºÍÖÖ×åÆçÊӵļÏËø֮ϡ£100Äêºó£¬ºÚÈËÒÀÈ»Éú»îÔÚÎïÖÊ·±ÈÙº²º£µÄƶÀ§¹ÂµºÉÏ¡£100Äê
ºó£¬ºÚÈËÒÀÈ»ÔÚÃÀ¹úÉç»áÖмäÏòÓç¶øÆü£¬ÒÀÈ»¸Ðµ½×Ô¼ºÔÚ¹úÍÁ¼ÒÔ°ÖÐÁ÷ÀëƯ²´¡£ËùÒÔ£¬ÎÒÃ
Ç
½ñÌìÀ´µ½ÕâÀҪ°ÑÕ⺧ÈËÌýÎŵÄÇé¿ö¹«ÖîÓÚÖÚ¡£
´ÓijÖÖÒâÒåÉÏ˵£¬ÎÒÃÇÀ´µ½¹ú¼ÒµÄÊ׶¼ÊÇΪÁ˶ÒÏÖÒ»ÕÅ֧Ʊ¡£ÎÒÃǹ²ºÍ¹úµÄµÞÔìÕßÔÚÄâ
дÏÜ·¨ºÍ¶ÀÁ¢ÐûÑԵĻԻÍƪÕÂʱ£¬¾ÍÇ©ÊðÁËÒ»ÕÅÿһ¸öÃÀ¹úÈ˶¼Äܼ̳еÄÆÚƱ¡£ÕâÕÅÆÚƱÏ
ò
ËùÓÐÈ˳Ðŵ¡ª¡ª²»ÂÛ°×ÈË»¹ÊǺÚÈË¡ª¡ª¶¼ÏíÓв»¿ÉÈöɵÄÉú´æȨ¡¢×ÔÓÉȨºÍ×·ÇóÐÒ¸£È¨¡£
È»¶ø£¬½ñÌìÃÀ¹úÏÔÈ»¶ÔËýµÄÓÐÉ«¹«ÃñÍÏÇ·×ÅÕâÕÅÆÚƱ¡£ÃÀ¹úûÓгжÒÕâ±ÊÉñÊ¥µÄÕ®Îñ£¬
¶øÊÇ¿ªÊ¼¸øºÚÈËÒ»ÕÅ¿Õͷ֧Ʊ¡ª¡ªÒ»ÕŸÇ×Å¡°×ʽð²»×㡱µÄÓ¡´Á±»Í˻صÄ֧Ʊ¡£µ«ÊÇ£¬ÎÒÃ
Ç
¾ö²»ÏàÐÅÕýÒåµÄÒøÐлáÆƲú¡£ÎÒÃǾö²»ÏàÐÅÕâ¸ö¹ú¼Ò¾Þ´óµÄ»ú»á±¦¿â»á×ʽð²»×ã¡£
¡¡¡¡Òò´Ë£¬ÎÒÃÇÀ´¶ÒÏÖÕâÕÅ֧Ʊ¡£ÕâÕÅ֧Ʊ½«¸øÎÒÃÇÒÔ±¦¹óµÄ×ÔÓɺÍÕýÒåµÄ±£ÕÏ¡£
ÎÒÃÇÀ´µ½Õâ¿éÊ¥µØ»¹ÎªÁËÌáÐÑÃÀ¹ú£ºÏÖÔÚÕýÊÇÍò·Ö½ô¼±µÄʱ¿Ì¡£ÏÖÔÚ²»ÊÇ´ÓÈݲ»ÆÈÓÆÈ»
ÐÐÊ»ò·þÓý¥½øÖ÷ÒåÕò¾²¼ÁµÄʱºò¡£ÏÖÔÚÊÇʵÏÖÃñÖ÷ŵÑÔµÄʱºò¡£ÏÖÔÚÊÇ×ß³öÓÄ°µ»ÄÁ¹µÄÖ
Ö
×å¸ôÀëÉî¹È£¬Ì¤ÉÏÖÖ×åƽµÈµÄÑô¹Ø´óµÀµÄʱºò¡£ÏÖÔÚÊÇʹÎÒÃǹú¼Ò×ß³öÖÖ×岻ƽµÈµÄÁ÷ɳ£
¬
̤ÉϳäÂúÊÖ×ãÖ®ÇéµÄÅÍʯµÄʱºò¡£ÏÖÔÚÊÇʹÉϵÛËùÓк¢×ÓÕæÕýÏíÓй«ÕýµÄʱºò¡£
ºöÊÓÕâһʱ¿ÌµÄ½ôÆÈÐÔ£¬¶ÔÓÚ¹ú¼Ò½«»áÊÇÖÂÃüµÄ¡£×ÔÓÉƽµÈµÄÀÊÀÊÇïÈÕ²»µ½À´£¬ºÚÈË˳
ÇéºÏÀí°§Ô¹µÄ¿áÊî¾Í²»»á¹ýÈ¥¡£1963Äê²»ÊÇÒ»¸ö½áÊø£¬¶øÊÇÒ»¸ö¿ª¶Ë¡£
Èç¹û¹ú¼ÒÒÀÈ»ÎÒÐÐÎÒËØ£¬ÄÇЩϣÍûºÚÈËÖ»Ðè³ö³öÆø¾Í»áÐÄÂúÒâ×ãµÄÈ˽«´óʧËùÍû¡£ÔÚºÚ
È˵õ½¹«ÃñȨ֮ǰ£¬ÃÀ¹ú¼È²»»á°²Äþ£¬Ò²²»»áƽ¾²¡£·´¿¹µÄÐý·ç½«¼ÌÐøÕðº³ÎÒÃǹú¼ÒµÄ»ù
ʯ£¬Ö±ÖÁ¹â»Ô²ÓÀõÄÕýÒåÖ®ÈÕÀ´ÁÙ¡£
µ«ÊÇ£¬¶ÔÓÚÕ¾ÔÚͨÏòÕýÒåÖ®¹¬¼èÏÕÃż÷ÉϵÄÈËÃÇ£¬ÓÐһЩ»°ÎÒ±ØÐëҪ˵¡£ÔÚÎÒÃÇÕùÈ¡ºÏ
·¨µØλµÄ¹ý³ÌÖУ¬Çв»Òª´íÎóÐÐʵ¼Ö·¸×ï¡£ÎÒÃÇÇв»ÒªÍÌÒû³ðºÞÐÁËáµÄ¿à¾Æ£¬À´½â³ý¶ÔÓ
Ú
×ÔÓɵÄÒû¿Ê¡£
ÎÒÃÇÓ¦¸ÃÓÀÔ¶µÃÌåµØ¡¢¼ÍÂÉÑÏÃ÷µØ½øÐж·Õù¡£ÎÒÃDz»ÄÜÈÝÐíÎÒÃǸ»Óд´ÔìÐԵĿ¹ÒéÂÙΪ
±©Á¦Ðж¯¡£ÎÒÃÇÓ¦¸Ã²»¶ÏÉý»ªµ½ÓÃÁé»êÁ¦Á¿¶Ô¸¶ÈâÌåÁ¦Á¿µÄ³ç¸ß¾³½ç¡£
ϯ¾íºÚÈËÉç»áµÄеÄÆæ¼£°ãµÄÕ½¶·¾«Éñ£¬²»Ó¦µ¼ÖÂÎÒÃǶÔËùÓа×È˵IJ»ÐÅÈΡª¡ªÒòΪÐí
¶à°×ÈËÐÖµÜÒѾÈÏʶµ½£ºËûÃǵÄÃüÔËͬÎÒÃǵÄÃüÔ˽ôÃÜÏàÁ¬£¬ËûÃǵÄ×ÔÓÉͬÎÒÃǵÄ×ÔÓÉÐÝÆ
Ý
Ïà¹Ø¡£ËûÃǽñÌìÀ´µ½ÕâÀï²Î¼Ó¼¯»á¾ÍÊÇÃ÷Ö¤¡£
ÎÒÃDz»Äܵ¥¶ÀÐж¯¡£µ±ÎÒÃÇÐж¯Ê±£¬ÎÒÃDZØÐë±£Ö¤ÓÂÍùֱǰ¡£ÎÒÃDz»ÄܺóÍË¡£ÓÐÈËÎÊÈÈ
ÐÄÃñȨÔ˶¯µÄÈË£º¡°ÄãÃÇʲôʱºò»á¸Ðµ½ÂúÒ⣿¡±Ö»ÒªºÚÈËÒÀÈ»ÊDz»¿°ÐÎÈݵľ¯²ì±©Ðпֲ
À
µÄÎþÉüÆ·£¬ÎÒÃǾ;ö²»»áÂúÒâ¡£Ö»ÒªÎÒÃÇÔÚÂÃ;ÀͶٺó£¬È´±»¹«Â·ÅÔÆû³µÓοÍÂÃÉçºÍ³ÇÊÐÂ
Ã
¹Ý¾ÜÖ®ÃÅÍ⣬ÎÒÃǾ;ö²»»áÂúÒâ¡£Ö»ÒªºÚÈ˵Ļù±¾»î¶¯·¶Î§Ö»ÏÞÓÚ´ÓÏÁСµÄºÚÈ˾ÓסÇøµ½½
Ï
´óµÄºÚÈ˾ÓסÇø£¬ÎÒÃǾ;ö²»»áÂúÒâ¡£Ö»ÒªÎÒÃǵĺ¢×Ó±»¡°½ö¹©°×ÈË¡±µÄÅÆ×Ó°þ¶á¸öÐÔ£¬Ë
ð
»Ù×ðÑÏ£¬ÎÒÃǾ;ö²»»áÂúÒâ¡£Ö»ÒªÃÜÎ÷Î÷±ÈÖݵĺÚÈ˲»ÄܲμÓÑ¡¾Ù£¬Å¦Ô¼ÖݵĺÚÈËÈÏΪËûÃ
Ç
ÓëÑ¡¾ÙºÁ²»Ïà¸É£¬ÎÒÃǾ;ö²»»áÂúÒâ¡£²»£¬²»£¬ÎÒÃDz»»áÂúÒ⣬ֱÖÁ¹«ÕýËÆË®±¼Á÷£¬ÕýÒåÈ
ç
ȪÅçÓ¿¡£
¡¡¡¡ÎÒ²¢·ÇûÓÐ×¢Òâµ½ÄãÃÇÓÐЩÈËÀú¾¡¼èÄÑÀ§¿àÀ´µ½ÕâÀï¡£ÄãÃÇÓÐЩÈ˸ոÕ×ß³öÏÁСµÄÀÎ
·¿¡£ÓÐЩÈËÀ´×ÔÒò×·Çó×ÔÓɶøÔâÊÜÆȺ¦·ç±©Ï®»÷ºÍ¾¯²ì±©Å°¿ñì´Ý²ÐµÄµØÇø¡£ÄãÃDZ¥¾·ç
˪£¬Àú¾¡¿àÄÑ¡£¼ÌÐøŬÁ¦°É£¬ÒªÏàÐÅ£ºÎÞ¹¼ÊÜ¿àÖÕµÃÕü¾È¡£
»Øµ½ÃÜÎ÷Î÷±ÈÈ¥°É£»»Øµ½ÑÇÀ°ÍÂíÈ¥°É£»»Øµ½ÄÏ¿¨ÂÞÀ´ÄÉÈ¥°É£»»Øµ½×ôÖÎÑÇÈ¥°É£»»Øµ½
·Ò×˹°²ÄÇÈ¥°É£»»Øµ½ÎÒÃDZ±·½³ÇÊÐÖеÄƶÃñ¿ßºÍºÚÈ˾ÓסÇøÈ¥°É¡£ÒªÖªµÀ£¬ÕâÖÖÇé¿öÄܹ
»
¶øÇÒ½«»á¸Ä±ä¡£ÎÒÃÇÇв»ÒªÔÚ¾øÍûµÄÉîÔ¨Àï³ÁÂÙ¡£
ÅóÓÑÃÇ£¬½ñÌìÎÒÒª¶ÔÄãÃÇ˵£¬¾¡¹ÜÑÛÏÂÀ§ÄÑÖØÖØ£¬µ«ÎÒÒÀÈ»»³ÓÐÒ»¸öÃΡ£Õâ¸öÃÎÉîÉîÖ²
¸ùÓÚÃÀ¹úÃÎÖ®ÖС£
ÎÒÃÎÏëÓÐÒ»Ì죬Õâ¸ö¹ú¼Ò½«»á·ÜÆð£¬ÊµÏÖÆäÁ¢¹úÐÅÌõµÄÕæÚУº¡°ÎÒÃÇÈÏΪÕâЩÕæÀí²»ÑÔ
¶øÓ÷£ºÈËÈËÉú¶øƽµÈ¡£¡±
ÎÒÃÎÏëÓÐÒ»Ì죬ÔÚ×ôÖÎÑÇÖݵĺìɫɽ¸ÚÉÏ£¬ÎôÈÕÅ«Á¥µÄ¶ù×ÓÄܹ»Í¬ÎôÈÕÅ«Á¥Ö÷µÄ¶ù×Óͬ
ϯ¶ø×ø£¬Ç×ÈçÊÖ×ã¡£
ÎÒÃÎÏëÓÐÒ»Ì죬ÉõÖÁÁ¬ÃÜÎ÷Î÷±ÈÖÝ¡ª¡ªÒ»¸ö·ÇÕýÒåºÍѹÆȵÄÈÈÀ˱ÆÈ˵ĻÄĮ֮ÖÝ£¬Ò²»á
¸ÄÔì³ÉΪ×ÔÓɺ͹«ÕýµÄÇàÇàÂÌÖÞ¡£
ÎÒÃÎÏëÓÐÒ»Ì죬ÎÒµÄËĸöСٶù½«Éú»îÔÚÒ»¸ö²»ÊÇÒÔƤ·ôµÄÑÕÉ«£¬¶øÊÇÒÔÆ·¸ñµÄÓÅÁÓ×÷
ΪÆÀÅбê×¼µÄ¹ú¼ÒÀï¡£
¡¡¡¡ÎÒ½ñÌ컳ÓÐÒ»¸öÃΡ£
ÎÒÃÎÏëÓÐÒ»Ì죬ÑÇÀ°ÍÂíÖÝ»áÓÐËù¸Ä±ä¡ª¡ª¾¡¹Ü¸ÃÖÝÖݳ¤ÏÖÔÚÈÔÌÏÌϲ»¾øµØ˵ʲôҪ¶Ô
Áª°î·¨ÁîÌá³öÒìÒéºÍ¾Ü¾øÖ´ÐСª¡ªÔÚÄÇÀºÚÈ˶ùͯÄܹ»ºÍ°×È˶ùͯÐֵܽãÃðãµØЯÊÖ²¢
ÐС£
¡¡¡¡ÎÒ½ñÌ컳ÓÐÒ»¸öÃΡ£
ÎÒÃÎÏëÓÐÒ»Ì죬Éî¹ÈÃֺϣ¬¸ßɽÒÄƽ£¬Æç·»¯Ì¹Í¾£¬Çú¾¶³Éͨá飬Éϵ۵Ĺ⻪ÔÙÏÖ£¬ÆÕ
ÌìÏÂÉúÁé¹²ÚË¡£
ÕâÊÇÎÒÃǵÄÏ£Íû¡£ÕâÊÇÎÒ½«´ø»ØÄÏ·½È¥µÄÐÅÄî¡£ÓÐÁËÕâ¸öÐÅÄÎÒÃǾÍÄÜ´Ó¾øÍû֮ɽ¿ª
²É³öÏ£Íû֮ʯ¡£ÓÐÁËÕâ¸öÐÅÄÎÒÃǾÍÄÜ°ÑÕâ¸ö¹ú¼ÒµÄàÐÔӴ̶úµÄÕù³³Éù£¬±äΪ³äÂúÊÖ×ãÖ
®
ÇéµÄÔöú½»ÏìÇú¡£ÓÐÁËÕâ¸öÐÅÄÎÒÃǾÍÄÜһͬ¹¤×÷£¬Ò»Í¬Æíµ»£¬Ò»Í¬¶·Õù£¬Ò»Í¬ÈëÓü£¬Ò
»
ͬά»¤×ÔÓÉ£¬ÒòΪÎÒÃÇÖªµÀ£¬ÎÒÃÇÖÕÓÐÒ»Ìì»á»ñµÃ×ÔÓÉ¡£
¡¡¡¡µ½ÁËÕâÒ»Ì죬Éϵ۵ÄËùÓк¢×Ó¶¼ÄÜÒÔеĺ¬Òå¸ß³ªÕâÊ׸裺
ÎÒµÄ×æ¹ú£¬¿É°®µÄ×ÔÓÉÖ®°î£¬ÎÒΪÄú¸è³ª¡£ÕâÊÇÎÒ×æÏÈÖÕÀϵĵط½£¬ÕâÊÇÔçÆÚÒÆÃñ×ÔºÀ
µÄµØ·½£¬ÈÃ×ÔÓÉÖ®Éù£¬Ï쳹ÿһ×ùɽ¸Ú¡£
Èç¹ûÃÀ¹úÒª³ÉΪΰ´óµÄ¹ú¼Ò£¬ÕâÒ»µã±ØÐëʵÏÖ¡£Òò´Ë£¬ÈÃ×ÔÓÉÖ®ÉùÏ쳹к±²¼Ê²¶ûÖݵÄ
Ρ¶ë¸ß·å£¡
¡¡¡¡ÈÃ×ÔÓÉÖ®ÉùÏ쳹ŦԼÖݵijçɽ¾þÁ룡
¡¡¡¡ÈÃ×ÔÓÉÖ®ÉùÏì³¹±öϦ·¨ÄáÑÇÖݵİ¢ÀÕ¸ñÄá¸ß·å£¡
¡¡¡¡ÈÃ×ÔÓÉÖ®ÉùÏì³¹¿ÆÂÞÀ¶àÖݱùÑ©°¨°¨µÄÂå»ùɽ£¡
¡¡¡¡ÈÃ×ÔÓÉÖ®ÉùÏì³¹¼ÓÀû¸£ÄáÑÇÖݵÄæ¹ÄÈȺ·å£¡
¡¡¡¡²»£¬²»½öÈç´Ë£»ÈÃ×ÔÓÉÖ®ÉùÏì³¹×ôÖÎÑÇÖݵÄʯɽ£¡
¡¡¡¡ÈÃ×ÔÓÉÖ®ÉùÏì³¹ÌïÄÉÎ÷ÖݵÄÍûɽ£¡
¡¡¡¡ÈÃ×ÔÓÉÖ®ÉùÏì³¹ÃÜÎ÷Î÷±ÈÖݵÄÒ»×ù×ùɽ·å£¬Ò»¸ö¸öÍÁÇð£¡
¡¡¡¡ÈÃ×ÔÓÉÖ®ÉùÏ쳹ÿһ¸öɽ¸Ú£¡
µ±ÎÒÃÇÈÃ×ÔÓÉÖ®ÉùºäÏ죬µ±ÎÒÃÇÈÃ×ÔÓÉÖ®ÉùÏ쳹ÿһ¸ö´ó´åСׯ£¬Ã¿Ò»¸öÖݸ®³ÇÕò£¬ÎÒ
ÃǾÍÄܼÓËÙÕâÒ»ÌìµÄµ½À´¡£ÄÇʱ£¬Éϵ۵ÄËùÓк¢×Ó£¬ºÚÈ˺Ͱ×ÈË£¬ÓÌÌ«½ÌͽºÍ·ÇÓÌÌ«½Ìͽ£
¬
Ò®öÕ½ÌͽºÍÌìÖ÷½Ìͽ£¬½«ÄÜЯÊÖͬ³ªÄÇÊ×¹ÅÀϵĺÚÈËÁé¸è£º¡°ÖÕÓÚ×ÔÓÉÁË£¡ÖÕÓÚ×ÔÓÉÁË£¡¸
Ð
лȫÄܵÄÉϵۣ¬ÎÒÃÇÖÕÓÚ×ÔÓÉÁË£¡¡±
¡¡¡¡¡õ¡õ
¡¡¡¡Âí¶¡¡¤Â·µÂ¡¤½ð£¨¹«Ôª1929¡ª1968Ä꣩£¬ÃÀ¹úºÚÈËÂÉʦ£¬ÖøÃûºÚÈËÃñȨÔ˶¯ÁìÐä¡£Ò»
ÉúÔøÈý´Î±»²¶£¬Èý´Î±»Ðд̣¬1964Äê»ñŵ±´¶ûºÍƽ½±¡£1968Äê±»ÖÖ×åÖ÷Òå·Ö×Óǹɱ¡£Ëû±»
ÓþΪ½ü°ÙÄêÀ´°Ë´ó×î¾ßÓÐ˵·þÁ¦µÄÑÝ˵¼ÒÖ®Ò»¡£1963ÄêËûÁìµ¼25ÍòÈËÏò»ªÊ¢¶Ù½ø¾ü¡°´óÓÎ
ÐС±£¬ÎªºÚÈËÕùÈ¡×ÔÓÉƽµÈºÍ¾ÍÒµ¡£Âí¶¡¡¤Â·µÂ¡¤½ðÔÚÓÎÐм¯»áÉÏ·¢±íÁËÕâƪÖøÃûÑÝ˵¡£
¡¡¡¡£¨Bob¼×ÔÖйúÎÄÊ·³ö°æÉ硶ÊÀ¼Íµµ°¸¡·£©
----------------------------
¸½£ºÓ¢ÎÄÔÎÄ
----------------------------
IhaveaDream
byMartinLutherKing,Jr.
DeliveredonthestepsattheLincolnMemorialinWashington
D.C.onAugust28,1963
Fivescoreyearsago,agreatAmerican,inwhosesymbolicshadow
westandsignedtheEmancipationProclamation.Thismomentous
decreecameasagreatbeaconlightofhopetomillionsofNegro
slaveswhohadbeensearedintheflamesofwitheringinjustice.
Itcameasajoyousdaybreaktoendthelongnightof
captivity.
Butonehundredyearslater,wemustfacethetragicfactthat
theNegroisstillnotfree.Onehundredyearslater,thelife
oftheNegroisstillsadlycrippledbythemanaclesof
segregationandthechainsofdiscrimination.Onehundredyears
later,theNegrolivesonalonelyislandofpovertyinthe
midstofavastoceanofmaterialprosperity.Onehundredyears
later,theNegroisstilllanguishinginthecornersofAmerican
societyandfindshimselfanexileinhisownland.Sowehave
comeheretodaytodramatizeanappallingcondition.
Inasensewehavecometoournation'scapitaltocashacheck.
Whenthearchitectsofourrepublicwrotethemagnificentwords
oftheConstitutionandthedeclarationofIndependence,they
weresigningapromissorynotetowhicheveryAmericanwasto
fallheir.Thisnotewasapromisethatallmenwouldbe
guarranteedtheinalienablerightsoflife,liberty,andthe
pursuitofhappiness.
ItisobvioustodaythatAmericahasdefaultedonthis
promissorynoteinsofarashercitizensofcolorareconcerned.
Insteadofhonoringthissacredobligation,Americahasgiven
theNegropeopleabadcheckwhichhascomebackmarked
insufficientfunds.
justiceisbankrupt.Werefusetobelievethatthereare
insufficientfundsinthegreatvaultsofopportunityofthis
nation.Sowehavecometocashthischeck--acheckthatwill
giveusupondemandtherichesoffreedomandthesecurityof
justice.Wehavealsocometothishallowedspottoremind
Americaofthefierceurgencyofnow.Thisisnotimetoengage
intheluxuryofcoolingoffortotakethetranquilizingdrug
ofgradualism.Nowisthetimetorisefromthedarkand
desolatevalleyofsegregationtothesunlitpathofracial
justice.Nowisthetimetoopenthedoorsofopportunitytoall
ofGod'schildren.Nowisthetimetoliftournationfromthe
quicksandsofracialinjusticetothesolidrockof
brotherhood.
Itwouldbefatalforthenationtooverlooktheurgencyofthe
momentandtounderestimatethedeterminationoftheNegro.This
swelteringsummeroftheNegro'slegitimatediscontentwillnot
passuntilthereisaninvigoratingautumnoffreedomand
equality.Nineteensixty-threeisnotanend,butabeginning.
ThosewhohopethattheNegroneededtoblowoffsteamandwill
nowbecontentwillhavearudeawakeningifthenationreturns
tobusinessasusual.Therewillbeneitherrestnortranquility
inAmericauntiltheNegroisgrantedhiscitizenshiprights.
Thewhirlwindsofrevoltwillcontinuetoshakethefoundations
ofournationuntilthebrightdayofjusticeemerges.
ButthereissomethingthatImustsaytomypeoplewhostandon
thewarmthresholdwhichleadsintothepalaceofjustice.In
theprocessofgainingourrightfulplacewemustnotbeguilty
ofwrongfuldeeds.Letusnotseektosatisfyourthirstfor
freedombydrinkingfromthecupofbitternessandhatred.
Wemustforeverconductourstruggleonthehighplaneof
dignityanddiscipline.Wemustnotallowourcreativeprotest
todegenerateintophysicalviolence.Againandagainwemust
risetothemajesticheightsofmeetingphysicalforcewithsoul
force.ThemarvelousnewmilitancywhichhasengulfedtheNegro
communitymustnotleadustodistrustofallwhitepeople,for
manyofourwhitebrothers,asevidencedbytheirpresencehere
today,havecometorealizethattheirdestinyistiedupwith
ourdestinyandtheirfreedomisinextricablyboundtoour
freedom.Wecannotwalkalone.
Andaswewalk,wemustmakethepledgethatweshallmarch
ahead.Wecannotturnback.Therearethosewhoareaskingthe
devoteesofcivilrights,"Whenwillyoubesatisfied?"Wecan
neverbesatisfiedaslongasourbodies,heavywiththefatigue
oftravel,cannotgainlodginginthemotelsofthehighwaysand
thehotelsofthecities.Wecannotbesatisfiedaslongasthe
Negro'sbasicmobilityisfromasmallerghettotoalargerone.
WecanneverbesatisfiedaslongasaNegroinMississippi
cannotvoteandaNegroinNewYorkbelieveshehasnothingfor
whichtovote.No,no,wearenotsatisfied,andwewillnotbe
satisfieduntiljusticerollsdownlikewatersandrighteousness
likeamightystream.
Iamnotunmindfulthatsomeofyouhavecomehereoutofgreat
trialsandtribulations.Someofyouhavecomefreshfromnarrow
cells.Someofyouhavecomefromareaswhereyourquestfor
freedomleftyoubatteredbythestormsofpersecutionand
staggeredbythewindsofpolicebrutality.Youhavebeenthe
veteransofcreativesuffering.Continuetoworkwiththefaith
thatunearnedsufferingisredemptive.
GobacktoMississippi,gobacktoAlabama,gobacktoGeorgia,
gobacktoLouisiana,gobacktotheslumsandghettosofour
northerncities,knowingthatsomehowthissituationcanand
willbechanged.Letusnotwallowinthevalleyofdespair.
Isaytoyoutoday,myfriends,thatinspiteofthe
difficultiesandfrustrationsofthemoment,Istillhavea
dream.ItisadreamdeeplyrootedintheAmericandream.
Ihaveadreamthatonedaythisnationwillriseupandlive
outthetruemeaningofitscreed:"Weholdthesetruthstobe
self-evident:thatallmenarecreatedequal."
IhaveadreamthatonedayontheredhillsofGeorgiathesons
offormerslavesandthesonsofformerslaveownerswillbeable
tositdowntogetheratatableofbrotherhood.
IhaveadreamthatonedayeventhestateofMississippi,a
desertstate,swelteringwiththeheatofinjusticeand
oppression,willbetransformedintoanoasisoffreedomand
justice.
Ihaveadreamthatmyfourchildrenwillonedayliveina
nationwheretheywillnotbejudgedbythecoloroftheirskin
butbythecontentoftheircharacter.
Ihaveadreamtoday.
IhaveadreamthatonedaythestateofAlabama,whose
governor'slipsarepresentlydrippingwiththewordsof
interpositionandnullification,willbetransformedintoa
situationwherelittleblackboysandblackgirlswillbeable
tojoinhandswithlittlewhiteboysandwhitegirlsandwalk
togetherassistersandbrothers.
Ihaveadreamtoday.
Ihaveadreamthatonedayeveryvalleyshallbeexalted,every
hillandmountainshallbemadelow,theroughplaceswillbe
madeplain,andthecrookedplaceswillbemadestraight,and
thegloryoftheLordshallberevealed,andallfleshshallsee
ittogether.
Thisisourhope.ThisisthefaithwithwhichIreturntothe
South.Withthisfaithwewillbeabletohewoutofthe
mountainofdespairastoneofhope.Withthisfaithwewillbe
abletotransformthejanglingdiscordsofournationintoa
beautifulsymphonyofbrotherhood.Withthisfaithwewillbe
abletoworktogether,topraytogether,tostruggletogether,
togotojailtogether,tostandupforfreedomtogether,
knowingthatwewillbefreeoneday.
ThiswillbethedaywhenallofGod'schildrenwillbeableto
singwithanewmeaning,"Mycountry,'tisofthee,sweetland
ofliberty,oftheeIsing.Landwheremyfathersdied,landof
thepilgrim'spride,fromeverymountainside,letfreedomring."
AndifAmericaistobeagreatnationthismustbecometrue.So
letfreedomringfromtheprodigioushilltopsofNewHampshire.
LetfreedomringfromthemightymountainsofNewYork.Let
freedomringfromtheheighteningAllegheniesofPennsylvania!
LetfreedomringfromthesnowcappedRockiesofColorado!
LetfreedomringfromthecurvaceouspeaksofCalifornia!
Butnotonlythat;letfreedomringfromStoneMountainof
Georgia!
LetfreedomringfromLookoutMountainofTennessee!
Letfreedomringfromeveryhillandeverymolehillof
Mississippi.Fromeverymountainside,letfreedomring.
Whenweletfreedomring,whemweletitringfromeveryvillage
andeveryhamlet,fromeverystateandeverycity,wewillbe
abletospeedupthatdaywhenallofGod'schildren,blackmen
andwhitemen,JewsandGentiles,ProtestantsandCatholics,
willbeabletojoinhandsandsinginthewordsoftheold
Negrospiritual,"Freeatlast!freeatlast!thankGod
Almighty,wearefreeatlast!"