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The Campbell Report


The following article was originally written for a state chess magazine but was never submitted for publication.

Defensive Resources in Chess

By J. Franklin Campbell



All chess competitors have had to deal with difficult games. Indeed, there are games where you seem practically lost but your opponent hasn't yet quite demonstrated the win. You can have two reactions to this kind of position: accept that you are lost and either resign or just play on listlessly; or take up the challenge of finding counterplay and defensive resources. The number of defensive resources discovered by a hard-working competitor can be surprising. Following is a difficult postal chess game I played against a highly-rated APCT opponent. I'll use this game to demonstrate a number of defensive resources.

J. Franklin Campbell (2226) vs. Robert Domanski (2306)
1992 APCT Championship
Semi-Final - Section 92 RS-7

1.d4 d5 2.c4 e6 3.Nc3 Nf6 4.Bg5 Nbd7 5.cxd5 exd5 6.e3 c6 7.Bd3 Bd6 8.Qc2 Nf8 9.Nge2 Ng6 10.Ng3 0-0 11.Nh5 Be7 12.Nxf6+ Bxf6 13.Bxf6 Qxf6 14.h4 Re8 15.h5 Nf8 16.0-0-0

Uhlmann gives this as a slight edge to White in ECO.

16...Bd7 17.Kb1 Re7 18.Rdg1 h6 19.g4 Rae8 20.Nd1 Ne6 21.f4

White is trying to open up Black's Kingside, but now Black initiates a remarkable plan that elevates this game into a fantastic struggle and completely changes the character of the game.

----------
|    r k |
|pp brpp |
|  p nq p|
|   p   P|
|   P PP |
|   BP   |
|PPQ     |
| K N  RR|
----------

21...Nxf4! 22.exf4 Qxd4 23.f5

White retains a slight material edge at the cost of locking up the pawns. Note that the next K-side pawn move is almost 30 moves later.

23...f6 24.Qc3

One method used to slow down an opponent's initiative is to trade off some material. The defender can often take advantage of the attacker's reluctance to exchange material by offering a choice between exchanging and moving a piece to a less effective square. This can be a very powerful defensive technique!

24...Qf4 25.Qc1 Qf3 26.Qd2

The Black Rooks must be kept off the first couple of ranks.

26...c5 27.Rh2 d4 28.Rf2

The attacker's Queen must be removed from the heart of White's position. The Queen was in a position to support the Rooks' invasion of the second rank, support a central pawn push, and attack the weak K-side pawns. Always try to force your opponent to move well posted pieces to less effective positions.

28...Qc6 29.Re2

The Black Rooks doubled on the e-file are extremely powerful. This exchange dilutes this strength. Black has the initiative but only has two pawns for the piece. The more pieces traded off the less powerful the attack. And White's small material advantage becomes more significant with each exchange.

29...Rxe2 30.Bxe2 b5 31.Nf2 c4

Black is being very skillful in restricting the squares open to White's pieces. White must find a way to post his pieces on good squares.

32.Rc1

The Black pawns must be restrained. Here White threatens to eliminate the pawn threat with Bxc4 followed by Qxd4.

32...Qd5 33.Bf1 Bc6 34.Re1 Rxe1+ 35.Qxe1 Qe5!

----------
|      k |
|p     p |
|  b  p p|
| p  qP P|
|  pp  P |
|        |
|PP   N  |
| K  QB  |
----------

Black makes White pay dearly for simplifying the material. Now Black obtains a powerful central pawn mass. One slip and he drives the pawns down White's throat.

36.Qxe5 fxe5 37.b3

In general, when a player has more pawns it is best to avoid pawn exchanges. White attempts to narrow the pawn threat to one pawn mass in the middle of the board to cut down on Black's options. Of course, 37. ... c3 38. Bd3 would solve a lot of problems for White.

37...Bd5 38.a4 a6 39.Kc1 Kf7 40.bxc4 bxc4

White had played his King to c1 with the thought of 41. Ne4 Bxe4 42. Bxc4+ and 43. Bxa6. However, if Black plays 42. ... Ke7 and defends against an a-pawn advance by White it looks hopeless for White. Note that it is important to play tough defense. This is not the time to gamble that the opponent will blunder. Instead it's time to look for every possible resource to aid in the defense. Black's three connected passed pawns look powerful, but at any moment White may be able to exchange a piece for pawns.

41.a5!

----------
|        |
|p    kp |
|P      p|
|   bpP P|
|  pp  P |
|        |
|     N  |
|  K  B  |
----------

This is an important moment for the defense. By this move White has created a weakness that the attacker must watch. The White pawn is safe from attack by the Black Bishop. The Black a-pawn can become a target for White allowing him to create his own passed pawn. When defending, it's important to find some way to deflect your opponent from his plan. After this move he can no longer concentrate solely on his attack but must also defend his own weakness.

41...Kf6 42.Nh3 d3 43.Kd2 Bf3 44.Nf2

White threatens to give up a Knight for two central pawns and expose the a-pawn to attack by Nxd3.

44...e4 45.Ke3 Ke5

Go To Part 2


copyright © 1998 by J. Franklin Campbell. All rights are reserved.

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