The fat Friar:
Resident ghost of Hufflepuff, the Fat Friar is a cheerful, kind spirit who is always happy to see first years enter Hogwarts.
The Bloody Baron:
Resident ghost of Slytherin. The Bloody Baron is a frightening ghost "with blank, staring eyes" and silver blood all over his clothing. People are so frightened by him that they've never had the courage to ask the nature of his death.
The Gray Lady:
As specifed by JK Rowling, the resident ghost of Ravenclaw
Sir Nicholas de Mimsy Porpington:
Resident of Gryffindor Tower who was improperly beheaded 400 years ago. His head is attached by a small amount of his neck, thus his nickname, "Nearly Headless Nick."
Moaning Myrtle:
The ghost who resides within a toilet in the girl's bathroom. Myrtle was killed by a Basilisk when the Chamber of Secrets was opened, 50 years before Harry's time at the school. She has a low opinion of herself, wails, and is paranoid the people around her talk about her behind her back.
Professor Binns:
The History teacher of Hogwarts. He fell asleep one day, then awoke and went to teach his classes, leaving his body behind. He is the only ghost employed by Hogwarts.
Peeves the Poltergeist:
Not really a ghost, but I placed him here anyhow. Peeves is troublemaker, a prankster, and a very uncontrollable spirit. As a matter of fact, the Bloody Baron is the only ghoul who can tell Peeves to do anything.