Chemistry

A. INQUIRY SKILLS

Students will design and conduct scientific investigations Identify questions that can be answered through scientific investigations Use appropriate tools, technology, and techniques to gather, analyze, and interpret data Organize and maintain a journal showing all phases of investigations Develop descriptions, explanations, predictions, and models using evidence and logic Use mathematics to explain, interpret, and improve investigations and communications Construct logical relationships between evidence and explanations Identify and analyze alternative explanations, models, and predictions Demonstrate understanding about scientific inquiry Use fair test procedures
Students will communicate scientific procedures and explanations Demonstrate effective methods to organize and display scientific concepts Present investigative procedures and results to others verbally, graphically, and in writing Communicate science concepts accurately and clearly, using scientific vocabulary

B. PHYSICAL SCIENCE

Students will understand the structure of atoms Identify and compare the parts of an atom Describe the properties of an atom in terms of its constituent parts
Students will understand the structure and properties of matter Predict chemical properties based on electron configuration Correlate the chemical and physical properties with the number and arrangement of electrons and protons Analyze and verify predictions based on the periodic table Predict bond type as a function of the transfer or sharing of electrons Describe how the structure of a compound or crystalline solid is related to bond types Relate the physical properties of elements and compound to specific interactions among atoms and molecules Compare solid, liquids, gases, and plasma states of matter Investigate the variables affecting the states of matter Relate the chemical and physical properties of compounds based on the distance and angles between particles (examples: computer modeling of molecular structure) Summarize the unique behavior and properties of carbon compounds
Students will investigate and be able to explain chemical reactions Design experiments that demonstrate the conservation of mass Select and use appropriate tools for measuring energy released or consumed in chemical reactions Correlate transfer of electrons with the formation of compounds Measure and analyze variables that affect reaction rate and product formation (examples: temperature, pressure, and solubility) Determine the effects of catalysts
Students will understand principles of conservation of energy and the increase of disorder Measure and analyze energy conservation and efficiency in chemical reactions Investigate the presence of various forms of energy in chemical reactions
Students will explain the interactions of energy and matter Use electromagnetic absorption and emission to identify substances Examine changes in energy associated with changes in an atom's electron positions Demonstrate how temperature effects changes in atomic and electrical motion

C. SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

Students will demonstrate abilities of technological design Design and build a new solution to an identified problem related to chemistry Determine the effectiveness of the solution Conduct investigations to determine the quality of commercial products Communicate the nature of the problem investigated, processes used, and solutions
Students will understand the interdependence of science and technology Summarize how new technologies extend scientific knowledge and scientific knowledge influences the development of new technologies (examples: computers, electron microscopes, remote sensing devices, lasers) Evaluate the impact and trade-offs of new technologies in the physical sciences

D. SCIENCE IN PERSONAL AND SOCIAL PERSPECTIVES

Students will practice safety and personal health Model appropriate laboratory techniques, procedures, and behaviors Use standard laboratory techniques to evaluate the relative abundance of beneficial and harmful chemicals in foods and drugs
Students will know the importance of conserving natural resources Design and conduct a project demonstrating conservation of natural resources Analyze how chemical resources are used in the environment Demonstrate a process for reducing, recycling, and/or reusing resources
Students will evaluate factors that influence environmental quality Participate in an investigation that evaluates factors influencing environmental quality (examples: resource use, over consumption, capacity of technology to solve problems, acid rain, greenhouse effect, photochemical smog, fossil fuels, and hydrocarbons)
Students will understand potential dangers of human-induced hazards Relate storage and disposal of hazardous wastes to the protection of the environment Evaluate how human activities create potential hazards (examples: pesticide/herbicide/fertilizer, fossil fuels, soil wastes)

E. HISTORY AND NATURE OF SCIENCE

Students will know that the human dimensions of science provides a context for scientific knowledge Evaluate examples of contemporary science projects that are conducted by individuals and those conducted by teams of scientists Compare the dynamics of classroom investigations conducted individually with these by small groups Examine the ethical considerations of scientific research and the application of technologies Practice peer reviews and accurate reporting of investigations Investigate careers related to science, technology, and engineering
Students will understand that science offers tentative explanations of the natural world through the use of empirical observations Compare knowledge derived from scientific investigations with other ways of knowing about the natural world (example: myths and superstitions) Validate that scientific knowledge is subject to change as new evidence becomes available
Students will explain that science concepts build on previous knowledge Investigate the contributions of diverse cultures to science Create a historic timeline for the development of a science concept (example: development of plastics, polyester)