Down Sydrome is a genetic condition caused by extra genetic material (genes) from the 21st chromosome. The extra gene causes varying degrees of mental retardation, or cognitive disability and other developmental delays. Some of the physical traits that are common but not always present are epicanthal folds over the eyes, flattening bridge of the nose, a single palmar crease and decreased muscle tone.
It was first described in 1866 by a British doctor named John Langdon down, but the actual chromosomal nature of the syndrome was not documented until 1959 by Dr. Lejeune.
It is not known what causes the extra 21st chromosome. The odds of a Down's birth are 1:1,400 in women under 25, 1:350 at age 35, and 1:100 at age 40.
Alzheimer's Disease is a slowly progressive, degenerating disorder of the brain that eventually results in abdormal brain function and death. (Janicki, 1995)
The initial symptoms tend to appear gradually, sometimes totally unnoticed. The individual may experience minimal memory impairment, especially involving recent events. They might forget where items are placed, have difficulty finding correct words in casual conversation, and their work performance may begin to deteriorate. Mild personality changes are seen.
As the disease progresses, loss of memory is more profound. AD victims will have more difficulty naming common objects, understanding instructions or following directions like that in a recipe. They also begin to lose the ability to control toileting practices. Severe changes in personality are noted.
In the final stages, all normal function ceases, and the individual becomes in need of total care. They will no longer be able to walk, sit up or support their head. They must be fed and will be totally incontenent of both bowels and bladder.
This progression generally takes about 8 yrs to occur, but can range from as little as 18 months to over 20 yrs.
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