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Assembly Language 組合語言

乃將 "數碼" 與 符號 組合起來.

這樣, 我們才看得懂電腦,
也才可以教電腦去做什麼事

(1) ASSEMBLE:


To prepare a machine language program from a symbolic language program
by substituting
"absolute operation codes"
for
symbolic operation codes*

and
"absolute or relocatable addresses"
for
symbolic addresses*.

* A symbolic code is asigned arbitrarily to
a "binary code".
符號碼 乃係武斷設定給
"數字碼" 之任意設定.

例如:

在 ASCII 中,
A = 100 0001
P = 101 0000

在 EBCDIC 中,
A = 1100 0001
P = 1101 0111
等等.

(2) ASSEMBLER:

A UTILITY PROGRAM WHICH TRANSLATES
A PROGRAM WRITTEN IN SYMBOLIC ASSEMBLY LANGUAGE
INTO
BINARY CODE
WHICH IS EXECUTABLE BY A COMPUTER.

Internal CODES vs. LETTERS

JOHN DOE

Letter, Number, or Symbol pattern (dot-matrix) is pre-set in ROM,
internal code(s) (內碼) actually is(are) Memory ADDRESS(es).
Pattern (Letter, Number, or Symbol) can thus be called out, shown on screen.

"100001" is an executable instruction(addresses), machine language.
"J" is its corresponding "Symbolic Pattern(symbolic addresses)";

"110000" is an executable instruction(addresses), machine language.
"blank" is its corresponding "Symbolic WORD(symbolic addresses)".

THIS IS HOW & WHERE
COMPUTER LANGUAGE GETS STARTED.

電腦係以 二進位數 運作

Microprosessor (微處理器): 乃含有一群 通用與特殊用途
之錄訊器 (registers).
Input & Output Devices (輸入與輸出裝置):
乃含有一群 能掌握資料
之錄訊器 (registers).
Microprocessor System (微處理系統): 乃一包含有
1. 隨機(會)出入主要記憶器
(random access) memory / registers,
2. 微處理器, 及
3. 輸入與輸出裝置
三種設備之系統.

微處理系統之主要功能 (function) :

一. 資訊傳轉 (data transfers) - 發生在上述三種裝置內之諸錄訊器間.
二. 資訊轉換 (data transformations) - 主要發生在微處器中.
三. 節序 (軟體) 支配 (program control) - 可藉指明 (addressable)
那一個錄訊器作何動作,
而掌控各個錄訊器,
以完成上述一, 二兩種功能.

訓令組 (instrusion set):

微處理器之指定完成何種 (一種或多種) 功能
之各種訓令.

各種微理器均有不同之訓令組.

電腦軟體 (software program):

乃一連串之訓令組 (a sequence of instructions).

微處理器之控制部門對軟體 (program instruction) 解碼
(de-code - 將符號碼 轉換成機器碼),
並藉助時鐘 (system clock) 訊號,
管制何一錄訊器 (register) 於何時作何種 動作.

各種微處理器之訓令組
舉例
uP Mnemonics

Computing Basics