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Small
scale poultry coops seem to be built in almost every possible shape and size.
Those building a new coop often ask for plans for the perfect chicken coop.
However, few plans for small poultry houses are available. Many existing buildings
can easily be adapted to accommodate poultry. Poultry housing can be as crude
or elaborate as you wish to build as long as you provide the following:
Protection: A
good poultry house protects the birds from the elements (weather), predators,
injury and theft. Poultry
require a dry, draft-free house. This can be accomplished by building a relatively
draft free house with windows and/or doors which can be opened for ventilation
when necessary. Build the coop on high, well-drained areas. This prevents prolonged
dampness and water saturation of the floor of the coop and outside runs. Face
the front of the coop, the windows and outside run to the south which allows
the sun to warm and dry the coop and soil. Allowing an adequate level of space
per bird also helps keep the humidity level in the coop to a minimum. Keeping
poultry totally confined to together with fence and covered runs are your best
protection from predators. If you are building a new facility, consider laying
a concrete floor, and start the wall with one or two concrete blocks. This
prevents rodents, snakes, and predators from digging under the walls and the
floors. Windows and doors must be securely covered with heavy-gauge mesh wire
or screening when opened. With
outside runs, bury the wire along the pen border at least 12" deep, and toe
the fence outward about 6 inches. This stops most predators from digging under
the fence. Animals always dig at the base of a fence. By toeing the fence outward
and burying it, the predator digs down right into more fencing. Some people
run electric fencing around the outside of their pens 4" off the ground about
one foot from the main fence to discourage predators. If your outside runs
are not predator-proof, you need to lock up your poultry before dark. To prevent
problems with hawks and owls, cover your outside runs with mesh wire or netting.
Many times a 3-4 ft. grid over the pen constructed of boiling twine will give
excellent protection from flying predators. Build
your poultry house to prevent possible injury to your birds. Remove any loose
or ragged wire, nails, or other sharp-edged objects from the coop. Eliminate
all areas other than perches where the birds could perch more than 4 feet above
the floor. Remove perching areas such as window sills, nest box tops, or electric
cords whenever possible. These extra measures could eliminate any injury to
you or your birds and may prevent damage to the coop, as well.
Adequate
Space: Adequate
Space:
Birds
need adequate space for movement and exercise as well as areas to nest and
roost. Perches:
With
chickens, always provide 6 to 10 inches of perch space per bird. Perches are
not usually used with meat chickens and waterfowl. Nests:
Always
provide at least one nest for every 4-5 females in the flock.
Easy
Access to Feed and Water:
Feeders
and waters should be placed conveniently throughout the pen for birds' access.
Place the bottom of the waterers and top lip of the feeders at the birds' back
height. This will keep the feed and water clean and prevent wastage. When possible,
place the waterer in the outside runs. This helps to keep the humidity level
lower inside the coop.
Source
of Light:
If
you wish to produce eggs from your flock year-round, you must have a source
of light. One light every 40 feet at ceiling height is appropriate. Most
small poultry houses do very well with one light above the feeding and watering
area. Windows
placed on the southside of the coop will also be a good source of light and
warmth in winter and a good source of ventilation in summer.
Ventilation:
Ample
air movement without a draft is essential. Fresh air brings in oxygen while
excess moisture, ammonia or carbon dioxide are removed the stale air moves
out of the house. Dampness and ammonia build-up are a sign that there is not
enough ventilation. For small coops windows or vents on one side of the house
usually provide plenty of ventilation. Well-ventilated houses must also have
plenty of insulation and a good vapor barrier. Failure to insulate or ventilate
properly causes moisture to accumulate on the walls and ceiling in cool weather.
Poultry can handle cold very well if they are dry. However, cool and humid
conditions can create many health problems. Locate openings on the side away
from prevailing winds. The south or east side is usually best.
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